Respirators
John Newquist
Draft 2 10 2018
Definitions Pretest
A. High efficiency particulate air
(HEPA) filter
B. Immediately dangerous to life
of health (IDLH)
C. Negative pressure respirator
D. Oxygen deficient atmosphere
E. Positive pressure respirator
F. Powered air-purifying
respirator
G. Self-contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA)
H. Supplied-air respirator (SAR)
I. Escape-only respirator
J. Tight-fitting facepiece
Standard Overview
• Definitions
• Program
Requirements
• Selection
• Medical Evaluation
• Fit Testing
• Maintenance/Use
• Training
• Recordkeeping
Dec 2017
• Cal/OSHA Issues Advisory on
Respiratory Protection for Harmful
Exposure to Wildfire Smoke.
• When outdoor workers are exposed to
air quality that is designated
"Unhealthy", "Very Unhealthy" or
"Hazardous" by local air quality
management districts, employers are
required to provide filtering
respirators such as masks labeled N95
and certified by the National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH).
December 2014
• Evanston IL
• $132,000 to six contractors
• OSHA's inspection found that
onsite asbestos consultant
directed the HVAC contractor
to cut and remove 60 feet of
piping that contained asbestos
insulation without PPE.
Typical asbestos pipe.
• PPE Assessment
• Payment
• Training
• Audit
Overview
Payment
• Employers pay for almost all
personal protective equipment
that is required by OSHA’s
general industry standards.
• Metatarsal foot protection;
• Rubber boots with steel toes;
• Non-prescription eye
protection;
• Hard hats/Bump Caps;
• Hearing Protection;
• Personal fall protection; and
• Reflective work vests.
• It does not require payment for
uniforms, items worn to keep
clean, or other items that are
not PPE.
• Sturdy work shoes;
• Non-specialty slip-resistant,
non-safety-toe footwear;
• Prescription Eye wear
Some Caveats
• PPE is used as a last resort
• The use of PPE signifies
that the hazard could not
be controlled by other
methods, such as:
– administrative controls
(i.e., shift rotation)
– engineering or industrial
hygiene controls
Back to the caveats...
• The use of PPE signals that the
hazard still exists in the
workplace
• Unprotected individuals in the
same area will be exposed
• Failure of PPE means that the
worker will be exposed
• PPE can be combined with
other controls
Clean Air Paradox
• Quality of Air
• 78.1% Nitrogen
• 20.9% Oxygen
• 0.9% Argon
• 0.03% Carbon Dioxide
Units Seem Small
1 % = 10,000 ppm
PEL = Permissible
Exposure Limits (OSHA)
5 Mg/M3 is very small
2 f/cc = 2,000,000f/M3
Health Effects
• Irritation
• Asphyxiation
• Organ Specific Effects
• Mutagen
• Teratogen
• Acute/Chronic
• Reversible vs.
Nonreversible
Factors
• Genetics
• Age
• Health status
• Route of entry
• Frequency and
duration of exposure
Exposure Limits
• Animal Studies
• Epidemiological
studies
• Industrial Experience
• STEL – 15 minutes
• Ceiling – never
exceeded
• Threshold Limit Value
Sampling
• Qualified person
• Appropriate
instrument
• Duration of sampling
• Pre and post
calibration
Hierarchy of Controls
• Engineering
• Administrative
• Personal Protective
Equipment
• Training
Evaluation of
Health Hazards
Lead
• Requires compliance with 1910.1025
• Overexposure can occur in less than 5 minutes
when torch cutting or painting
Lead effects
• Chronic overexposure - severe damage to
the blood-forming, nervous, urinary, and
reproductive systems
• High levels will require medical removal
• Bridge Painting/Removal continues to be
ones of the consistent lead issues in
construction
Residential Lead
• Lead can be 20%
• Cadmium and arsenic above 10
micrograms
• Written Program. L, C, A
• Training L, C, A
• Determination above AL
• Protective Clothing
• Change Areas
• Decon
• Sanitary Issues for lunch
Can anyone comply?
Lead
• Vacuum equipment
can be used
Children Lead – Work?
• 2014 greater than 5 ug/dL
• Cook – 29,547 w 821
• Lake – 8,419 w 20
• Dupage – 5,485 w 14
• Kane – 13,120 w 77
• Will – 9,555 w 20
• Dekalb – 1448 w 2
• McHenry – 1,762 w 5
• Lake Co IN – 2001 w 10
http://www.vox.com/2016/1/21/10811004/lead-poisoning-cities-us
Silica
• Cutting, hammering,
drilling, blasting can
create high silica
levels
• Use wet methods and
wear respirators
• One of the oldest
occupational diseases
Silica
• Ventilation
June 2014
• If he has a
respirator, is
it safe?
Silica
• 150-200 deaths a year
(2009)
• 1150-1200 deaths a
year (1968)
• Yet….one company
had 3 silicosis and
10x+ severe
respiratory diseases
Gauley Bridge in 1930’s had
workers die in months.
Copper Fumes - Welding
• Copper is inhalation
hazard affecting
respiratory system
• Mild steel (red iron)
and carbon steel
contain manganese
• Manganese may
cause Parkinson's
disease
What do you see?
Total Dust
• All the things not
regulated.
• Good, bad, or
indifferent?
• Air blowing!
Iron Oxide -Welding
• Metal fume fever
• Direct Draw or forced
ventilation should be
used
• Personal Protective
Equipment should be
used
• Bystanders should be
protected as well
Carbon Monoxide
• Generators are most
common problem of
CO
• Heaters out of tune
are another cause
• CO TWA is 50 ppm
• Others set levels 25
ppm
Carbon Monoxide
• 11/8/1991
• A couple and their eight
children were found dead
late today, their bodies
scattered throughout
their small house on the
city's Southwest Side.
• The police said it
appeared that the family
died of carbon monoxide
poisoning.
• "Apparently a spot weld in a
flue pipe gave way, leaving a
three-inch gap [ that ] caused
byproducts of combustion,
including carbon monoxide, to
recirculate throughout the
home.“
• A neighbor said he saw
repairmen working at the
house last week
Carbon Monoxide
• April 7 2015
• Princess Anne MD
Hex Chrome
• Stainless steel
contains nickel and
chromium
• Plating, grinding,
welding are problems
• Some cements
Cadmium
• Overexposure to
cutting cadmium
bolts, coated poles
• Torch cutting should
never be used
• Use hydraulic bolt
cutters
• Comply with
1926.1127 Cadmium bolts are often
found in sprinkler pipe use.
Methylene Chloride
• Paint stripping
• Parts cleaners
• Cancer causing
Asbestos
• Common Fireproofing
material used pre-
1980s
• Found in pipe
insulation, ceiling tiles,
and floor tiles
• Must comply with
1926.1101 or
1910.1001
June 2014
• The asbestos lawsuit that
saw a $1 million award
• Richard Rost has
Mesothelioma
• Defendants included Ford
Motor Company (Ford),
General Electric,
Westinghouse and Ingersoll-
Rand.
• However, the latter three
defendants settled with the
plaintiffs out of court,
before the trial had an
opportunity to begin.
Overall, nearly 3,000 people
are diagnosed with mesothelioma each
year in the United States, which represents
0.02 percent of all U.S. cancer cases.
Examples of Asbestos Use
 Shingles
 Floor tiles
 Asbestos cement
 Roofing felts
 Insulation & acoustical
products
 Steam pipes, boilers
 “Popcorn” ceilings
 Patching, joint compounds,
textured paint, asbestos paper
tape
 Brakes, clutch facings
 Plastics, fabrics, paints, paper
Asbestos
• 3000 die in the US
• Some are spouses
or kids of asbestos
workers
• Stephanie Harper
of the North Texas
city of Bonham Action Item #2 – CDC must
continue to track asbestos
deaths.
Jan 2016
Action Item #3 EPA should put clearance sample in 10,000 f/m3
EPA-recommended clearance criteria for reoccupancy into work area
following asbestos abatement, often cited as 0.01 f/cc.
2013
• Franklin “Al” Bieri, 54, of
Lebanon, Ill., was sentenced in
federal court to five months in
prison, followed by three
months of home confinement.
• Disposed in dumpster with no
bagged or labels
Failed to notify
Environmental Protection
Agency at least 10 working
days prior to beginning the
asbestos work an offense
punishable under the Clean
Air Act.
2015
• $1.8 million dollar fine to IL
Roofer for OSHA violations
for asbestos.
• “This case stands out
because of the outrageous
behavior of Joseph Kehrer,”
said Assistant Secretary of
Labor for Occupational
Safety and Health David
Michaels.
• Workers were threatened
with firing if they spoke to
investigators, Michaels said.
Case Study #1
• Aurora
• White Powder from
pipe Insulation
• Hires 3 Homeless
people for $60
each to remove it
• Asbestos over the
surfaces
• Cited 2 Willful
Old Pipe insulation
can contain
asbestos
Case Study #2
• Church notices tile in
basement area peeling.
• One of the members
offers to remove it.
• Mastic used to set it
was source of an
OSHA asbestos
complaint.
• What should have
been done?
Example of tile type used.
Case Study #3
• Middle School
• Employees on renovation
job concerned about
possible asbestos in
dumper
• Hi-flow pumps used
• Asbestos abatement
hired to clean it after
notified
High Flow Pump
Asbestos on
mastic, floor tile,
and ceiling tiles.
Case Study #4 Metal Container
Paint Solvents
• Ventilation is required
or overexposure can
result
• Fire Hazard
• Electrical must be
Class I if within 20 feet
during open spraying
with flammable paints Tank painting. What could go
wrong?
Tank Coating
• What issues are
needed if spraying
a rust resistance
coating?
Isocyanates
• Isocyanates in roof
glues and paints in
construction
Mold
• Stachybotrys chartarum (also
known as Stachybotrys atra)
• Aspergillus sp.
• Penicillium sp.
• Fusarium sp.
• Trichoderma sp.
• Memnoniella sp.
• Cladosporum sp.
• Alternaria sp.
Legionella
• August 2015
• 7 dead, 87 sickened
• Transmission of Legionnaires’
disease occurs when
microscopic airborne droplets
of water that contains LDB are
inhaled by an at-risk host
• Early symptoms can include
low fever, headache, aching
joints and muscles, fatigue and
lack of energy, and loss of
appetite.
Respiratory
Protection
• 1910.134
– Written program #2
– Medical evaluation #1
– Fit testing #3, #6
– Selection, Evaluation of
exposure #5
– Maintenance, Storage, and
Care #9
– Annual Training #8
– Program evaluation #10
– Beards #7
Voluntary use App D - #4
Written Program Requirements
Program Elements:
• Selection procedures
• Medical Evaluations
• Fit testing procedures for
tight-fitting respirators
• Proper use procedures -
routine & emergency
• Procedures & schedules for
maintenance
• Supplied air quality &
quantity
• Hazards Training - routine
& emergency
• Respirator use training
• Program auditing
Selection of Respirators
• Employer must select
and provide an
appropriate respirator
based on the respiratory
hazards
Uses/Limitations
• Will only work with corresponding filters or cartridges
• Can protect you from hazardous levels of materials
• If worn properly and in the right atmosphere, respirators can
save your life
Uses / Limitations
Never use an air purifying
respirator:
• If Oxygen level is below 19.5%
or above 21%
• in an IDLH atmosphere;
• for ABRASIVE BLASTING;
• for FIRE FIGHTING;
• which is not APPROVED for the
contaminant of concern;
• with FACIAL HAIR.
October 2014
Ebola
Ebola
Silica
• 2017
Training
• Silica training needs to be done.
• The employer shall ensure that each
employee covered by this section can
demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of at least the following:
• Specific tasks in the workplace that could
result in exposure to respirable crystalline
silica
1926.1153(i)(2)(i)(C)
Tasks
Tasks
Training
• Silica training needs to be done.
• The employer shall ensure that each
employee covered by this section can
demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of at least the following:
• Specific control measures including
engineering controls, work practices, and
respirators to be used
1926.1153(i)(2)(i)(C)
OSHA sets out a hierarchy of
controls for silica
What is the hierarchy of
controls in silica exposure?
1. Engineering and work practice controls
(unless contractor shows NOT feasible)
a. Substitution
b. Isolation
c. Ventilation
d. Dust suppression
2. Respiratory protection
Controlling exposures
• Table 1 lists 18 construction tasks
• Contractor must fully and properly implement engineering
controls, work practices and respiratory protection listed for
the task in Table 1 UNLESS contractor assesses the worker
exposure to silica and limits it as the rule sets out
• Does it have silica?
Control Measures
Control Measures
Control Measures?
Handheld and stand-
mounted drills
(including impact and
rotary hammer drills)
Use drill equipped with
commercially available
shroud or cowling with
HEPA dust collection
system
Operate and maintain
tool in accordance with
manufacturer's
instructions to
minimize dust
emissions
Use a HEPA-filtered
vacuum when cleaning
holes
Control Measures
Control Measures
Control Measures
Jackhammering Use tool with water
delivery system that
supplies a
continuous stream
or spray of water at
the point of impact:
When used outdoors
None APF 10
When used indoors or in an
enclosed area
APF 10 APF 10
Control Measures
Training
• Silica training needs to be done.
• The employer shall ensure that each
employee covered by this section can
demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of at least the following:
• The contents of the OSHA Silica Standard
1926.1153(i)(2)(i)(D)
Silica regulations
 Notice of proposed
rulemaking issued in
2013; rules targeted
to general industry
(manufacturing) and
construction
 Contains a more
protective
permissible exposure
limit (PEL)
 Final rule in
construction effective
Sept. 23, 2017
Scope of rule
 Applies to all occupational
exposures in construction to
crystalline silica EXCEPT where
worker exposure will remain
below the action level of 25
micrograms per cubic meter
of air as an eight-hour time-
weighted average (TWA)
under any foreseeable
conditions
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
• Maximum amount or concentration of a chemical or physical
agent a worker may be exposed to under OSHA regulations.
• PEL is set at 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air as an eight-
hour TWA; a microgram is one-thousandth of a milligram or
one-millionth of a gram.
Training
• Silica training needs to be done.
• The employer shall ensure that each
employee covered by this section can
demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of at least the following:
• The identity of the competent person
designated by the employer
1926.1153(i)(2)(i)(E)
Competent person
• The employer shall designate
a competent person to make
frequent and regular
inspections of job sites,
materials, and equipment to
implement the written
exposure control plan.
1926.1153(g)(4)
Per
OSHA:
Written exposure control plan
• Following elements:
• A description of the tasks
• A description of the engineering
controls, work practices, and
respiratory protection for each
task;
• A description of the housekeeping
measures
• A description of the procedures
used to restrict access to work
areas
• Review annually and update it as
necessary.
1926.1153(g)(1)
Written exposure
control plan
Operation: Hand-held power saw (any blade
diameter)
Engineering control: Water delivery system to
blade (water must be applied at flow rate that
minimizes release of visible dust)
Respirator required:
If four hours or less per day—none
If more than four hours per day—APF 10
respirator
Training
• Silica training needs to be done.
• The employer shall ensure that each
employee covered by this section can
demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of at least the following:
• The purpose and a description of the
medical surveillance program.
1926.1153(i)(2)(i)(F)
Medical surveillance program.
 Use of Table 1 triggers medical surveillance
requirements on the 30th work day performing a
task where respirator use is a listed requirement.
Medical
surveillance
Medical surveillance is needed for workers
required by the new rule to wear a respirator for
30 or more days per year.
The following medical exams should be
conducted by a physician or other licensed
health care professional:
• History and physical
• Chest X-rays by NIOSH-certified B
Reader
• Pulmonary function test
• Latent TB test
An exam within 30 days after the worker’s
initial assignment must be done for
medical and work history, pulmonary
function, and other related issues.
1926.1153(h)
Notification
• Contractors must notify employees
of the results of an exposure
assessment within five days after
results are complete.
• If there is exposure above the PEL,
a description of the contractor’s
corrective action must be included
… contractor has to make sure no worker is exposed to
respirable silica in an amount exceeding the PEL.
If tasks are not listed in Table 1
or the OSHA-mandated controls
are not fully implemented …
Exposure assessment
A contractor is required to assess the
exposure of any worker who is exposed, or
may reasonably be expected to be exposed,
to crystalline silica at or above the action
level of 25 micrograms per cubic meter of
air (half the PEL). This can be accomplished
by:
(1) The performance option, defined as any
combination of air monitoring (personal
breathing zone [PBZ] sampling) or use of
objective data.
(2) The scheduled monitoring option
 If below action level, monitoring
can be discontinued
 If at or above action level but at or
below PEL, periodic monitoring
must be done every six months; if
above PEL, monitoring must be
done at least every three months
 Reassess in the case of new
processes, practices or controls
Objective data
Objective data is defined by OSHA as
information, such as air-monitoring data
from industry-wide surveys or
calculations, that demonstrates worker
exposure to RCS associated with a
particular product or material or a
specific process, task or activity.
Such data must reflect workplace
conditions resembling current operations
or with a higher exposure potential than
current processes, materials, control
methods, work practices and
environmental conditions.
Housekeeping
• Wet sweeping or HEPA
vacuuming of RCS dust is
preferred to dry sweeping
or brushing unless
infeasible.
• Compressed air may not be
used to clean clothing or
surfaces if it could
contribute to worker
exposure.
Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)
Under the GHS
format of SDSs,
Section 3 should
contain the
components of a
product as in these
examples.
SDSs
 SDSs may list quartz, sand or silica. Sometimes, none will be listed in
Section 3 as the regulation requires, but you may find language elsewhere
as the example here indicates. The callout below is found in the
“Composition Notes” below the list of ingredients. This highlights the
importance of both the contractor and workers being familiar with the
contents of all SDSs.
Product labeling under
OSHA HCS
 New products that
have silica, quartz or
sand listed as a
component or
ingredient in SDS
Section 3,
“Composition/informa
tion on ingredients,”
should also have
pictograms conveying
a hazard, such as:
Protection Factors
Respiratory protective
equipment
Selection of suitable
type by competent
person
Factors:
• nature of hazards
• measured concentrations
• period of exposure
• vision
• communications
• confined spaces
• personal suitability
Respiratory protective
equipment
Training in the use
of equipment must
be given
Stored in a clean
place with
protective enclosure
Respiratory protective
equipment
Disposable face mask:
• light, comfortable, cheap
• one user only
• eight hour maximum use, but
less if high dust levels
• dispose of after use
• May not be ok for silica
• Not for lead and asbestos
Respiratory protective
equipment
Half-mask dust respirator:
• easily maintained
• freedom of movement
• may have ‘shelf life’
• colour coded cartridges
Anatomy of a half-mask respirator
Respiratory protective
equipment
• High efficiency
particulate air (HEPA)
dust respirator:
• full face protection
• correct fitting and use
• beards, spectacles, etc.
may lessen efficiency
Respiratory protective
equipment
Positive pressure powered
respirator:
• for long periods of work
• pump and filter
• approximately seven hours
use
• air leaks go outwards
• requires battery and filter
maintenance
Respiratory protective
equipment
Helmet and visor respirator:
• battery-operated fan
and filter
• comfortable
• not for all hazards
• requires maintenance
schedules
Confined Space SAR
Self-contained Air Supply for Escape.
Supplied air respirators are not
to be used in an atmosphere
which is immediately
dangerous to life and health
(IDLH) unless it is equipped
with a self-contained air supply
for escape.
2014
Air Created by an Oil Lubricated
Compressor?
• For oil-lubricated compressors,
the employer shall use a high-
temperature or carbon
monoxide alarm, or both, to
monitor carbon monoxide
levels.
• If only high-temperature
alarms are used, the air supply
shall be monitored at intervals
sufficient to prevent carbon
monoxide in the breathing air
from exceeding 10ppm
Compressor Citation
Hose Length
• The total system
length can be up to
350 ft. with 100 ft.
maximum from the
pump to the
respirator and 250
ft. from the pump
to the inlet filter.
Respiratory protective
equipment
Compressed airline breathing
apparatus:
• mask or hood with
compressed airline
• requires pure air at correct
pressure, humidity and
temperature
• air hose can restrict
movement
Respiratory protective
equipment
Self-contained breathing
apparatus:
• mask, air regulator and
cylinder
• used only by a trained
person
• selected by competent
person
• cylinder duration is 20 – 30
minutes
Evaluation
• "The employer shall identify
and evaluate the respiratory
hazard(s) in the workplace; this
evaluation shall include a
reasonable estimate of
employee exposures to
respiratory hazard(s) and an
identification of the
contaminant's chemical state
and physical form
• Does not require air sampling
but……
Training Requirements
• Training must be provided
prior to use
• Retraining is required
annually, and when:
– changes in the workplace
or type of respirator
render previous training
obsolete
– there are inadequacies in
the employee’s
knowledge or use
– any other situation arises
in which retraining
appears necessary
IDLH Training
Voluntary Use Requirements
(other than filtering facepiece respirator)
• Medical evaluations
• Maintenance, Cleaning,
Storage
• Appendix D
• The basic advisory information in
Appendix D must be provided to
employees who wear respirators
when use is not required by this
standard or by the employer
Voluntary Use Requirements
(Filtering facepiece only)
Appendix D only:
• Read and Heed all instructions
• Use approved respirators
• Properly selected
• Keep track of your respirator
#1 1910.134(e)(1)
• The employer shall provide a medical
evaluation to determine the employee's
ability to use a respirator, before the
employee is fit tested or required to use
the respirator in the workplace.
• The employer may discontinue an
employee's medical evaluations when the
employee is no longer required to use a
respirator
Medical Evaluation Requirements
• Evaluation completed prior to wearing respirator
• Annually thereafter
• Evaluation include information in Sections 1 and 2, Part 1
Of Appendix C
• Conducted by a physician or licensed health care
professional
Medical Signs and Symptoms
• The following are signs or
symptoms that may
prevent the use of a
respirator:
– Seizures
– Claustrophobia
– Asthma
– Emphysema
– Pneumonia
– Collapsed Lung
– Lung Cancer
– Broken Ribs
– Chest
Injuries/Surgeries
– Any other lung
problems
– Heart or Circulation
problems
– Anxiety
Fit Testing
Quantitative fit testing uses a machine to
measure the actual amount of leakage
into the face piece and does not rely
upon your sense of taste, smell, or
irritation in order to detect leakage
The fit test shall be administered
using an OSHA-accepted QLFT or
QNFT protocol.
Fit test not done before use. #6
Fit test not done annually #3
Fit Testing
• Qualitative fit testing is
normally used for half-
mask respirators - those
that just cover your
mouth and nose.
• Half-mask respirators can
be filtering facepiece
respirators - often called
"N95s" - as well as
elastomeric respirators.
TSI Qfit
• Qualitative respirator fit
tester is the only OSHA-
compliant (29CFR
1910.134) automated
pump-driven nebulizer for
Bitrex and Saccharin to
qualitatively test the
integrity of respirators to
the specific users wearing
them.
User Seal Check
An action conducted by the respirator
user to determine if the respirator is
properly seated to the face.
Positive Pressure
Check
Negative Pressure
Check
User Seal Check
Training
Requirements
• Training must be provided prior to use, unless acceptable
training has been provided by another employer within the
past 12 months
• Retraining is required annually, and when:
– changes in the workplace or type of respirator render previous
training obsolete
– there are inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use
– any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary
• The basic advisory information in Appendix D must be
provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not
required by this standard or by the employer
Employee Responsibilities
• Dirty respirator
• Wear PPE when necessary
and required
• Attend PPE training
sessions annually
• Care for, clean,
maintaining, and dispose
of PPE properly.
• Report any damaged or
defective PPE
immediately.
Respirator Defective
Cleaning Protocol
• Dismantle
• Wash
• Rinse
• Drain
• Sanitize
• Rinse
• Dry
• Reassemble
• Test
1. Hypochlorite solution or
2. Aqueous solution of iodine
or,
3. Other manufacturer
cleansers
Maintenance and Care
• Clean and disinfect at the following
intervals:
– as often as necessary when issued for
exclusive use
– before being worn by different individuals when
issued to more than one employee
– after each use for emergency respirators and
those used in fit testing and training
Storage
• Protect Respirator
from:
– Dust
– Sunlight
– Damaging chemicals
– Heat
– Extreme cold
– Excessive moisture
Inspection
• Dirt
• Cracks
• Tears
• Holes
• Distortion
• Broken parts
• Missing parts
• Elasticity
• Corrosion
• Valve test
Problems?
Questions?
Background
• Classes: OSHA 10/30 Hour,
Incident Investigation,
Confined Space, Excavation
Safety, Cranes Signaling and
Rigging, Fall Protection,
Scaffold Safety, and many more
• Services: Mentoring new safety
professionals, Mock OSHA
Inspections, Site Safety Audits,
OSHA Litigation Consultation,
Expert Witness, Reducing
Worker Compensation Risk,
Improving Site safety
143
• 34 years working with top
companies to achieve ZERO
injuries
• Certified Safety Professional
• OSHA 1983-2012
• Founding Member of ANSI Z359
• 815-354-6853
• Johnanewquist@gmail.com

Respirators 2018

  • 1.
  • 2.
    Definitions Pretest A. Highefficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter B. Immediately dangerous to life of health (IDLH) C. Negative pressure respirator D. Oxygen deficient atmosphere E. Positive pressure respirator F. Powered air-purifying respirator G. Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) H. Supplied-air respirator (SAR) I. Escape-only respirator J. Tight-fitting facepiece
  • 3.
    Standard Overview • Definitions •Program Requirements • Selection • Medical Evaluation • Fit Testing • Maintenance/Use • Training • Recordkeeping
  • 5.
    Dec 2017 • Cal/OSHAIssues Advisory on Respiratory Protection for Harmful Exposure to Wildfire Smoke. • When outdoor workers are exposed to air quality that is designated "Unhealthy", "Very Unhealthy" or "Hazardous" by local air quality management districts, employers are required to provide filtering respirators such as masks labeled N95 and certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  • 6.
    December 2014 • EvanstonIL • $132,000 to six contractors • OSHA's inspection found that onsite asbestos consultant directed the HVAC contractor to cut and remove 60 feet of piping that contained asbestos insulation without PPE. Typical asbestos pipe.
  • 7.
    • PPE Assessment •Payment • Training • Audit Overview
  • 8.
    Payment • Employers payfor almost all personal protective equipment that is required by OSHA’s general industry standards. • Metatarsal foot protection; • Rubber boots with steel toes; • Non-prescription eye protection; • Hard hats/Bump Caps; • Hearing Protection; • Personal fall protection; and • Reflective work vests. • It does not require payment for uniforms, items worn to keep clean, or other items that are not PPE. • Sturdy work shoes; • Non-specialty slip-resistant, non-safety-toe footwear; • Prescription Eye wear
  • 9.
    Some Caveats • PPEis used as a last resort • The use of PPE signifies that the hazard could not be controlled by other methods, such as: – administrative controls (i.e., shift rotation) – engineering or industrial hygiene controls
  • 10.
    Back to thecaveats... • The use of PPE signals that the hazard still exists in the workplace • Unprotected individuals in the same area will be exposed • Failure of PPE means that the worker will be exposed • PPE can be combined with other controls
  • 11.
    Clean Air Paradox •Quality of Air • 78.1% Nitrogen • 20.9% Oxygen • 0.9% Argon • 0.03% Carbon Dioxide
  • 12.
    Units Seem Small 1% = 10,000 ppm PEL = Permissible Exposure Limits (OSHA) 5 Mg/M3 is very small 2 f/cc = 2,000,000f/M3
  • 13.
    Health Effects • Irritation •Asphyxiation • Organ Specific Effects • Mutagen • Teratogen • Acute/Chronic • Reversible vs. Nonreversible
  • 14.
    Factors • Genetics • Age •Health status • Route of entry • Frequency and duration of exposure
  • 15.
    Exposure Limits • AnimalStudies • Epidemiological studies • Industrial Experience • STEL – 15 minutes • Ceiling – never exceeded • Threshold Limit Value
  • 16.
    Sampling • Qualified person •Appropriate instrument • Duration of sampling • Pre and post calibration
  • 17.
    Hierarchy of Controls •Engineering • Administrative • Personal Protective Equipment • Training
  • 18.
  • 19.
    Lead • Requires compliancewith 1910.1025 • Overexposure can occur in less than 5 minutes when torch cutting or painting
  • 20.
    Lead effects • Chronicoverexposure - severe damage to the blood-forming, nervous, urinary, and reproductive systems • High levels will require medical removal • Bridge Painting/Removal continues to be ones of the consistent lead issues in construction
  • 21.
    Residential Lead • Leadcan be 20% • Cadmium and arsenic above 10 micrograms • Written Program. L, C, A • Training L, C, A • Determination above AL • Protective Clothing • Change Areas • Decon • Sanitary Issues for lunch Can anyone comply?
  • 22.
  • 23.
    Children Lead –Work? • 2014 greater than 5 ug/dL • Cook – 29,547 w 821 • Lake – 8,419 w 20 • Dupage – 5,485 w 14 • Kane – 13,120 w 77 • Will – 9,555 w 20 • Dekalb – 1448 w 2 • McHenry – 1,762 w 5 • Lake Co IN – 2001 w 10 http://www.vox.com/2016/1/21/10811004/lead-poisoning-cities-us
  • 24.
    Silica • Cutting, hammering, drilling,blasting can create high silica levels • Use wet methods and wear respirators • One of the oldest occupational diseases
  • 25.
  • 26.
    June 2014 • Ifhe has a respirator, is it safe?
  • 27.
    Silica • 150-200 deathsa year (2009) • 1150-1200 deaths a year (1968) • Yet….one company had 3 silicosis and 10x+ severe respiratory diseases Gauley Bridge in 1930’s had workers die in months.
  • 28.
    Copper Fumes -Welding • Copper is inhalation hazard affecting respiratory system • Mild steel (red iron) and carbon steel contain manganese • Manganese may cause Parkinson's disease What do you see?
  • 29.
    Total Dust • Allthe things not regulated. • Good, bad, or indifferent? • Air blowing!
  • 30.
    Iron Oxide -Welding •Metal fume fever • Direct Draw or forced ventilation should be used • Personal Protective Equipment should be used • Bystanders should be protected as well
  • 31.
    Carbon Monoxide • Generatorsare most common problem of CO • Heaters out of tune are another cause • CO TWA is 50 ppm • Others set levels 25 ppm
  • 32.
    Carbon Monoxide • 11/8/1991 •A couple and their eight children were found dead late today, their bodies scattered throughout their small house on the city's Southwest Side. • The police said it appeared that the family died of carbon monoxide poisoning. • "Apparently a spot weld in a flue pipe gave way, leaving a three-inch gap [ that ] caused byproducts of combustion, including carbon monoxide, to recirculate throughout the home.“ • A neighbor said he saw repairmen working at the house last week
  • 33.
    Carbon Monoxide • April7 2015 • Princess Anne MD
  • 34.
    Hex Chrome • Stainlesssteel contains nickel and chromium • Plating, grinding, welding are problems • Some cements
  • 35.
    Cadmium • Overexposure to cuttingcadmium bolts, coated poles • Torch cutting should never be used • Use hydraulic bolt cutters • Comply with 1926.1127 Cadmium bolts are often found in sprinkler pipe use.
  • 36.
    Methylene Chloride • Paintstripping • Parts cleaners • Cancer causing
  • 37.
    Asbestos • Common Fireproofing materialused pre- 1980s • Found in pipe insulation, ceiling tiles, and floor tiles • Must comply with 1926.1101 or 1910.1001
  • 38.
    June 2014 • Theasbestos lawsuit that saw a $1 million award • Richard Rost has Mesothelioma • Defendants included Ford Motor Company (Ford), General Electric, Westinghouse and Ingersoll- Rand. • However, the latter three defendants settled with the plaintiffs out of court, before the trial had an opportunity to begin. Overall, nearly 3,000 people are diagnosed with mesothelioma each year in the United States, which represents 0.02 percent of all U.S. cancer cases.
  • 39.
    Examples of AsbestosUse  Shingles  Floor tiles  Asbestos cement  Roofing felts  Insulation & acoustical products  Steam pipes, boilers  “Popcorn” ceilings  Patching, joint compounds, textured paint, asbestos paper tape  Brakes, clutch facings  Plastics, fabrics, paints, paper
  • 40.
    Asbestos • 3000 diein the US • Some are spouses or kids of asbestos workers • Stephanie Harper of the North Texas city of Bonham Action Item #2 – CDC must continue to track asbestos deaths.
  • 41.
    Jan 2016 Action Item#3 EPA should put clearance sample in 10,000 f/m3 EPA-recommended clearance criteria for reoccupancy into work area following asbestos abatement, often cited as 0.01 f/cc.
  • 42.
    2013 • Franklin “Al”Bieri, 54, of Lebanon, Ill., was sentenced in federal court to five months in prison, followed by three months of home confinement. • Disposed in dumpster with no bagged or labels Failed to notify Environmental Protection Agency at least 10 working days prior to beginning the asbestos work an offense punishable under the Clean Air Act.
  • 43.
    2015 • $1.8 milliondollar fine to IL Roofer for OSHA violations for asbestos. • “This case stands out because of the outrageous behavior of Joseph Kehrer,” said Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health David Michaels. • Workers were threatened with firing if they spoke to investigators, Michaels said.
  • 44.
    Case Study #1 •Aurora • White Powder from pipe Insulation • Hires 3 Homeless people for $60 each to remove it • Asbestos over the surfaces • Cited 2 Willful Old Pipe insulation can contain asbestos
  • 45.
    Case Study #2 •Church notices tile in basement area peeling. • One of the members offers to remove it. • Mastic used to set it was source of an OSHA asbestos complaint. • What should have been done? Example of tile type used.
  • 46.
    Case Study #3 •Middle School • Employees on renovation job concerned about possible asbestos in dumper • Hi-flow pumps used • Asbestos abatement hired to clean it after notified High Flow Pump Asbestos on mastic, floor tile, and ceiling tiles.
  • 47.
    Case Study #4Metal Container
  • 48.
    Paint Solvents • Ventilationis required or overexposure can result • Fire Hazard • Electrical must be Class I if within 20 feet during open spraying with flammable paints Tank painting. What could go wrong?
  • 49.
    Tank Coating • Whatissues are needed if spraying a rust resistance coating?
  • 50.
    Isocyanates • Isocyanates inroof glues and paints in construction
  • 51.
    Mold • Stachybotrys chartarum(also known as Stachybotrys atra) • Aspergillus sp. • Penicillium sp. • Fusarium sp. • Trichoderma sp. • Memnoniella sp. • Cladosporum sp. • Alternaria sp.
  • 52.
    Legionella • August 2015 •7 dead, 87 sickened • Transmission of Legionnaires’ disease occurs when microscopic airborne droplets of water that contains LDB are inhaled by an at-risk host • Early symptoms can include low fever, headache, aching joints and muscles, fatigue and lack of energy, and loss of appetite.
  • 53.
    Respiratory Protection • 1910.134 – Writtenprogram #2 – Medical evaluation #1 – Fit testing #3, #6 – Selection, Evaluation of exposure #5 – Maintenance, Storage, and Care #9 – Annual Training #8 – Program evaluation #10 – Beards #7 Voluntary use App D - #4
  • 54.
    Written Program Requirements ProgramElements: • Selection procedures • Medical Evaluations • Fit testing procedures for tight-fitting respirators • Proper use procedures - routine & emergency • Procedures & schedules for maintenance • Supplied air quality & quantity • Hazards Training - routine & emergency • Respirator use training • Program auditing
  • 56.
    Selection of Respirators •Employer must select and provide an appropriate respirator based on the respiratory hazards
  • 57.
    Uses/Limitations • Will onlywork with corresponding filters or cartridges • Can protect you from hazardous levels of materials • If worn properly and in the right atmosphere, respirators can save your life
  • 58.
    Uses / Limitations Neveruse an air purifying respirator: • If Oxygen level is below 19.5% or above 21% • in an IDLH atmosphere; • for ABRASIVE BLASTING; • for FIRE FIGHTING; • which is not APPROVED for the contaminant of concern; • with FACIAL HAIR.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
    Training • Silica trainingneeds to be done. • The employer shall ensure that each employee covered by this section can demonstrate knowledge and understanding of at least the following: • Specific tasks in the workplace that could result in exposure to respirable crystalline silica 1926.1153(i)(2)(i)(C)
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
    Training • Silica trainingneeds to be done. • The employer shall ensure that each employee covered by this section can demonstrate knowledge and understanding of at least the following: • Specific control measures including engineering controls, work practices, and respirators to be used 1926.1153(i)(2)(i)(C)
  • 67.
    OSHA sets outa hierarchy of controls for silica
  • 68.
    What is thehierarchy of controls in silica exposure? 1. Engineering and work practice controls (unless contractor shows NOT feasible) a. Substitution b. Isolation c. Ventilation d. Dust suppression 2. Respiratory protection
  • 69.
    Controlling exposures • Table1 lists 18 construction tasks • Contractor must fully and properly implement engineering controls, work practices and respiratory protection listed for the task in Table 1 UNLESS contractor assesses the worker exposure to silica and limits it as the rule sets out • Does it have silica?
  • 71.
  • 72.
  • 73.
  • 74.
    Handheld and stand- mounteddrills (including impact and rotary hammer drills) Use drill equipped with commercially available shroud or cowling with HEPA dust collection system Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer's instructions to minimize dust emissions Use a HEPA-filtered vacuum when cleaning holes
  • 75.
  • 77.
  • 79.
  • 80.
    Jackhammering Use toolwith water delivery system that supplies a continuous stream or spray of water at the point of impact: When used outdoors None APF 10 When used indoors or in an enclosed area APF 10 APF 10
  • 81.
  • 82.
    Training • Silica trainingneeds to be done. • The employer shall ensure that each employee covered by this section can demonstrate knowledge and understanding of at least the following: • The contents of the OSHA Silica Standard 1926.1153(i)(2)(i)(D)
  • 83.
    Silica regulations  Noticeof proposed rulemaking issued in 2013; rules targeted to general industry (manufacturing) and construction  Contains a more protective permissible exposure limit (PEL)  Final rule in construction effective Sept. 23, 2017
  • 84.
    Scope of rule Applies to all occupational exposures in construction to crystalline silica EXCEPT where worker exposure will remain below the action level of 25 micrograms per cubic meter of air as an eight-hour time- weighted average (TWA) under any foreseeable conditions
  • 85.
    Permissible Exposure Limit(PEL) • Maximum amount or concentration of a chemical or physical agent a worker may be exposed to under OSHA regulations. • PEL is set at 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air as an eight- hour TWA; a microgram is one-thousandth of a milligram or one-millionth of a gram.
  • 86.
    Training • Silica trainingneeds to be done. • The employer shall ensure that each employee covered by this section can demonstrate knowledge and understanding of at least the following: • The identity of the competent person designated by the employer 1926.1153(i)(2)(i)(E)
  • 87.
    Competent person • Theemployer shall designate a competent person to make frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment to implement the written exposure control plan. 1926.1153(g)(4) Per OSHA:
  • 88.
    Written exposure controlplan • Following elements: • A description of the tasks • A description of the engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection for each task; • A description of the housekeeping measures • A description of the procedures used to restrict access to work areas • Review annually and update it as necessary. 1926.1153(g)(1)
  • 89.
    Written exposure control plan Operation:Hand-held power saw (any blade diameter) Engineering control: Water delivery system to blade (water must be applied at flow rate that minimizes release of visible dust) Respirator required: If four hours or less per day—none If more than four hours per day—APF 10 respirator
  • 90.
    Training • Silica trainingneeds to be done. • The employer shall ensure that each employee covered by this section can demonstrate knowledge and understanding of at least the following: • The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program. 1926.1153(i)(2)(i)(F)
  • 91.
    Medical surveillance program. Use of Table 1 triggers medical surveillance requirements on the 30th work day performing a task where respirator use is a listed requirement.
  • 92.
    Medical surveillance Medical surveillance isneeded for workers required by the new rule to wear a respirator for 30 or more days per year. The following medical exams should be conducted by a physician or other licensed health care professional: • History and physical • Chest X-rays by NIOSH-certified B Reader • Pulmonary function test • Latent TB test An exam within 30 days after the worker’s initial assignment must be done for medical and work history, pulmonary function, and other related issues. 1926.1153(h)
  • 93.
    Notification • Contractors mustnotify employees of the results of an exposure assessment within five days after results are complete. • If there is exposure above the PEL, a description of the contractor’s corrective action must be included
  • 94.
    … contractor hasto make sure no worker is exposed to respirable silica in an amount exceeding the PEL. If tasks are not listed in Table 1 or the OSHA-mandated controls are not fully implemented …
  • 95.
    Exposure assessment A contractoris required to assess the exposure of any worker who is exposed, or may reasonably be expected to be exposed, to crystalline silica at or above the action level of 25 micrograms per cubic meter of air (half the PEL). This can be accomplished by: (1) The performance option, defined as any combination of air monitoring (personal breathing zone [PBZ] sampling) or use of objective data.
  • 96.
    (2) The scheduledmonitoring option  If below action level, monitoring can be discontinued  If at or above action level but at or below PEL, periodic monitoring must be done every six months; if above PEL, monitoring must be done at least every three months  Reassess in the case of new processes, practices or controls
  • 97.
    Objective data Objective datais defined by OSHA as information, such as air-monitoring data from industry-wide surveys or calculations, that demonstrates worker exposure to RCS associated with a particular product or material or a specific process, task or activity. Such data must reflect workplace conditions resembling current operations or with a higher exposure potential than current processes, materials, control methods, work practices and environmental conditions.
  • 98.
    Housekeeping • Wet sweepingor HEPA vacuuming of RCS dust is preferred to dry sweeping or brushing unless infeasible. • Compressed air may not be used to clean clothing or surfaces if it could contribute to worker exposure.
  • 99.
    Safety Data Sheets(SDSs) Under the GHS format of SDSs, Section 3 should contain the components of a product as in these examples.
  • 100.
    SDSs  SDSs maylist quartz, sand or silica. Sometimes, none will be listed in Section 3 as the regulation requires, but you may find language elsewhere as the example here indicates. The callout below is found in the “Composition Notes” below the list of ingredients. This highlights the importance of both the contractor and workers being familiar with the contents of all SDSs.
  • 101.
    Product labeling under OSHAHCS  New products that have silica, quartz or sand listed as a component or ingredient in SDS Section 3, “Composition/informa tion on ingredients,” should also have pictograms conveying a hazard, such as:
  • 104.
  • 105.
    Respiratory protective equipment Selection ofsuitable type by competent person Factors: • nature of hazards • measured concentrations • period of exposure • vision • communications • confined spaces • personal suitability
  • 106.
    Respiratory protective equipment Training inthe use of equipment must be given Stored in a clean place with protective enclosure
  • 107.
    Respiratory protective equipment Disposable facemask: • light, comfortable, cheap • one user only • eight hour maximum use, but less if high dust levels • dispose of after use • May not be ok for silica • Not for lead and asbestos
  • 108.
    Respiratory protective equipment Half-mask dustrespirator: • easily maintained • freedom of movement • may have ‘shelf life’ • colour coded cartridges
  • 109.
    Anatomy of ahalf-mask respirator
  • 110.
    Respiratory protective equipment • Highefficiency particulate air (HEPA) dust respirator: • full face protection • correct fitting and use • beards, spectacles, etc. may lessen efficiency
  • 111.
    Respiratory protective equipment Positive pressurepowered respirator: • for long periods of work • pump and filter • approximately seven hours use • air leaks go outwards • requires battery and filter maintenance
  • 112.
    Respiratory protective equipment Helmet andvisor respirator: • battery-operated fan and filter • comfortable • not for all hazards • requires maintenance schedules
  • 113.
  • 114.
    Self-contained Air Supplyfor Escape. Supplied air respirators are not to be used in an atmosphere which is immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) unless it is equipped with a self-contained air supply for escape.
  • 115.
  • 116.
    Air Created byan Oil Lubricated Compressor? • For oil-lubricated compressors, the employer shall use a high- temperature or carbon monoxide alarm, or both, to monitor carbon monoxide levels. • If only high-temperature alarms are used, the air supply shall be monitored at intervals sufficient to prevent carbon monoxide in the breathing air from exceeding 10ppm
  • 117.
  • 118.
    Hose Length • Thetotal system length can be up to 350 ft. with 100 ft. maximum from the pump to the respirator and 250 ft. from the pump to the inlet filter.
  • 119.
    Respiratory protective equipment Compressed airlinebreathing apparatus: • mask or hood with compressed airline • requires pure air at correct pressure, humidity and temperature • air hose can restrict movement
  • 120.
    Respiratory protective equipment Self-contained breathing apparatus: •mask, air regulator and cylinder • used only by a trained person • selected by competent person • cylinder duration is 20 – 30 minutes
  • 121.
    Evaluation • "The employershall identify and evaluate the respiratory hazard(s) in the workplace; this evaluation shall include a reasonable estimate of employee exposures to respiratory hazard(s) and an identification of the contaminant's chemical state and physical form • Does not require air sampling but……
  • 122.
    Training Requirements • Trainingmust be provided prior to use • Retraining is required annually, and when: – changes in the workplace or type of respirator render previous training obsolete – there are inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use – any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary
  • 123.
  • 124.
    Voluntary Use Requirements (otherthan filtering facepiece respirator) • Medical evaluations • Maintenance, Cleaning, Storage • Appendix D • The basic advisory information in Appendix D must be provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not required by this standard or by the employer
  • 125.
    Voluntary Use Requirements (Filteringfacepiece only) Appendix D only: • Read and Heed all instructions • Use approved respirators • Properly selected • Keep track of your respirator
  • 126.
    #1 1910.134(e)(1) • Theemployer shall provide a medical evaluation to determine the employee's ability to use a respirator, before the employee is fit tested or required to use the respirator in the workplace. • The employer may discontinue an employee's medical evaluations when the employee is no longer required to use a respirator
  • 127.
    Medical Evaluation Requirements •Evaluation completed prior to wearing respirator • Annually thereafter • Evaluation include information in Sections 1 and 2, Part 1 Of Appendix C • Conducted by a physician or licensed health care professional
  • 128.
    Medical Signs andSymptoms • The following are signs or symptoms that may prevent the use of a respirator: – Seizures – Claustrophobia – Asthma – Emphysema – Pneumonia – Collapsed Lung – Lung Cancer – Broken Ribs – Chest Injuries/Surgeries – Any other lung problems – Heart or Circulation problems – Anxiety
  • 129.
    Fit Testing Quantitative fittesting uses a machine to measure the actual amount of leakage into the face piece and does not rely upon your sense of taste, smell, or irritation in order to detect leakage The fit test shall be administered using an OSHA-accepted QLFT or QNFT protocol. Fit test not done before use. #6 Fit test not done annually #3
  • 130.
    Fit Testing • Qualitativefit testing is normally used for half- mask respirators - those that just cover your mouth and nose. • Half-mask respirators can be filtering facepiece respirators - often called "N95s" - as well as elastomeric respirators.
  • 131.
    TSI Qfit • Qualitativerespirator fit tester is the only OSHA- compliant (29CFR 1910.134) automated pump-driven nebulizer for Bitrex and Saccharin to qualitatively test the integrity of respirators to the specific users wearing them.
  • 132.
    User Seal Check Anaction conducted by the respirator user to determine if the respirator is properly seated to the face. Positive Pressure Check Negative Pressure Check
  • 133.
  • 134.
    Training Requirements • Training mustbe provided prior to use, unless acceptable training has been provided by another employer within the past 12 months • Retraining is required annually, and when: – changes in the workplace or type of respirator render previous training obsolete – there are inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use – any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary • The basic advisory information in Appendix D must be provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not required by this standard or by the employer
  • 135.
    Employee Responsibilities • Dirtyrespirator • Wear PPE when necessary and required • Attend PPE training sessions annually • Care for, clean, maintaining, and dispose of PPE properly. • Report any damaged or defective PPE immediately.
  • 136.
  • 137.
    Cleaning Protocol • Dismantle •Wash • Rinse • Drain • Sanitize • Rinse • Dry • Reassemble • Test 1. Hypochlorite solution or 2. Aqueous solution of iodine or, 3. Other manufacturer cleansers
  • 138.
    Maintenance and Care •Clean and disinfect at the following intervals: – as often as necessary when issued for exclusive use – before being worn by different individuals when issued to more than one employee – after each use for emergency respirators and those used in fit testing and training
  • 139.
    Storage • Protect Respirator from: –Dust – Sunlight – Damaging chemicals – Heat – Extreme cold – Excessive moisture
  • 140.
    Inspection • Dirt • Cracks •Tears • Holes • Distortion • Broken parts • Missing parts • Elasticity • Corrosion • Valve test
  • 141.
  • 142.
  • 143.
    Background • Classes: OSHA10/30 Hour, Incident Investigation, Confined Space, Excavation Safety, Cranes Signaling and Rigging, Fall Protection, Scaffold Safety, and many more • Services: Mentoring new safety professionals, Mock OSHA Inspections, Site Safety Audits, OSHA Litigation Consultation, Expert Witness, Reducing Worker Compensation Risk, Improving Site safety 143 • 34 years working with top companies to achieve ZERO injuries • Certified Safety Professional • OSHA 1983-2012 • Founding Member of ANSI Z359 • 815-354-6853 • [email protected]