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Respiratory system ......
The respiratory system allows for gas exchange between the lungs and blood. It consists of the upper respiratory tract including the nose and throat, and the lower respiratory tract including the windpipe, bronchi, and lungs. Respiration involves breathing in oxygen which diffuses into blood vessels in the lungs, and breathing out carbon dioxide which is transported from tissues. The circulatory system then carries oxygen to tissues through blood vessels and removes carbon dioxide to maintain gas exchange throughout the body.
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Respiratory system ......
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- 2. INTRODUCTION Respiration-- Respirationis the process of breathing in (o2 is taken) and out(co2 is given out) through respiratory system. Types of Respiration-- * External Respiration * Internal Respiration
- 3. EXTERNAL RESPIRATION-- Externalrespiration that involve exchange of respiratory gasses. i.e. o2 and co2 between lungs and blood.
- 4. INTERNAL RESPIRATION-- Internalrespiration which involve exchange of gasses between blood and tissues.
- 5. HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM-- That organ of body which participate in respiration known as respiratory organ and that system which participate known as respiratory system. The human respiratory system can be divided into two group stracturally.As -- * The upper respiratory tract– Nose, nasal cavity,sinuses,pharynx. * The lower respiratory tract-- Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree,lungs.
- 6. . And theorgans of the respiratory tract can be divided into two groups functionally. * The conducting portion-- system of interconnecting cavities and tubes that conduct air into the lungs. As - nose,pharynx,trachea,bronchi. * The respiratory portion— system where the exchange of respiratory gasses occurs.As- respiratory bronchioles,alveolary duct,alveoli.
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- 8. SUMMARY OF FUNCTION- Nose/nesal cavity– warms,moistens and fiters air it is inhaled.
- 9. PHARYNX(THROAT)- Passage wayfor air,leads to trachea.
- 10. LARYNX- The voicebox,where vocal chords are located.
- 11. TRACHEA(WINDPIPE)- Tube frompharynx to bronchi rings of cartilage provide stracture,keep the windpipe open.trachea lined with fine hairs called cilia which filter air before it reaches the lungs.
- 12. BRONCHI- Two branchesat the end of the trachea,each lead to a lungs.
- 13. BRONCHIOLES- A networkof smaller branches leading from the bronchi into the lungs tissue and ultimetly to lungs sacs
- 14. ALVEOLI The functionalrespiratory units in the lungs where gases(o2 and co2) are exchanged(enter and exit the blood stream)
- 15. HUMAN RESPIRATION COMPLATEINTO FOLLOWING STEPS-- Breathing Gaseous exchange Gaseous transport Expiration
- 16. BREATHING-- Taking ofatmospheric gas inside the lungs and removal of foul gas of lungs into the atmosphere are known as breathing. which complates into two steps- * Inspiration (Inhalation) * Expiration (Exhalation)
- 17. oINSPIRATION- • Taking ofatmospheric gas inside the lungs known as insspiration. • As- gas from atmosphere Nostrils Nasal chamber pharynx Larynx Trachea alveoli Bronchioles Bronchi
- 19. EXHALATION-- As musclesrelax,air is pushed out of the lungs . Forced expiration can occur mostely by contracting internal intercostal muscles to depress the rib cage. As- Alveoli Bronchioles bronchi Trachea nostril Nasal-chamber pharynx Larynx Atmospheric gas
- 21. GASEOUS EXCHANGE-- a) Inbetween blood vessels and lungs.
- 22. . b) In betweenblood vessels and body tissue –
- 23. GASEOUS TRANSPORT- Mainfunction of blood is to transport the gases in diffirent form. Transport of o2 -Most o2 is transported by Hb(red pigment protein in erythrocytes),(97%) o2 combine with hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin.As— Hb + o2 Hbo2 A small amount of o2 is transported in solution in the blood plasma(3%) and other body fluid.
- 25. TRANSPORT OF CO2-- Most co2 is transported as bicarbonate ions. HOW?? First co2 bind with water to form carbonic acid. As- CO2 + H2O H2CO3 Then carbolic acid dissosiates to form hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. As-- H2CO3 H+ + HCO3 − A small amount of co2 is transported by the hemoglobin molecules in the form of carbaminohemoglobin(HbCO3). Co2 +Hb HbCO3 (23%)
- 26. . The higherthe amount of H+ in the blood the lowering the pH . Therefor H+ bond with the globin part of Hb to keep the pH normal in blood. 70% of plasma,in the form of bicorbonate ion . HCO3 − H2O + CO2 H+ + HCO3 – 7% by lymph – in dissolved form. As-
- 27. CELLULAR RESPIRATION-- Stepsof respiration which occur inside the cells. Or cellular respiration is the process whereby an organism uses O2 and food to produce energy (ATP) and other product e.g. water and co2. As-- glucose + O2 ATP + H2O +CO2 . Therefore gaseous exchange is necessary for to get O2 for cellular respiration.
- 29. HOW TO RESPIRATORYSYSTEM WORKS ??
- 30. . Air istaken into body through nostril of nose. The nostril of nose consists of fine hairs that lines the passage (the way through which air passes) and also lined with mucus. So what is use of fine hair and mucus lining in the nostril passage?? The fine hair of nostril filter the air from dust, dirt and microorganisms.And mucus also traps the dust and facilitates smooth flow of air with it’s moist characteristic. Then the air passes through throat. The throat also called as windpipe or trachea which is surrounded by rings of cartilage.
- 32. WHAT IS THENACESSARY OF RING OF CARTILAGE ??
- 33. . Ring ofcartilage help in free,unrestricted flow of air through wind pipe and helps in proventing air passage from collapse. If cartilage ring are absent then it increase pressure during exhalation on compression of ribcage and windpipe ,will be closed restricts air flow and interfere normal breathing. Through throat air passage into lungs.within lungs the passage divided into smaller and smaller tubes and finally ends with balloon like structure which are known as Alveoli. The alveoli is the surface where exchange of gases takes place. The walls of alveoli consist of network of blood vessels.
- 34. . When breathein we lift our ribs then diaphragm flatten followed by chest cavity becomes larger and that case air is sucked into lungs and alveoli is filled with air. Then blood carries co2 from all parts of body and release co2 into alveoli. And the proceeds to the O2 that is prevent in the alveoli is takes by blood vessels. O2 is transported to all cells of the body through blood vessels.
- 36. INTERESTING FACTS ABOUTRESPIRATORY SYSTEM-- About half a liter of water /day is lost through breathing. Yawning bring more O2 to the lungs . Our right lungs is larger then left lungs. We breathe 13 pints of air every minute. People under 30 take in double the amount of O2 in comparison to someone who’s 80 years old.
- 37. HOW TO KEEPOUR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM HEALTHY-- Try to avoid --
- 39. COMMON RESPIRATORY DISORDER-- The following lower respiratory tract disorder are caused by exposure to infection, pathogens or polluted air, including tobacco smoke. Disease – Pneumonia Pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary tuberculosis Emphysema Bronchitis Asthma