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RESUSCIATION EQUIPMENTS IN INTENSISIVE CARE UNITS
The document details various resuscitation equipment used in intensive care units (ICUs), highlighting the necessity for comprehensive patient monitoring and life support systems for critically ill patients. Types of equipment covered include patient monitoring devices, emergency resuscitation tools, and diagnostic devices, emphasizing their roles in continuous care and emergency responses. It also discusses specific devices, such as mechanical ventilators and infusion pumps, alongside the nursing responsibilities in maintaining these systems to ensure patient safety and effective treatment.
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Introduction to ICU equipment for serious patients requiring constant care and monitoring.
Three main types of devices: Monitoring, Life Support, and Diagnostic equipment in ICU. List of monitoring devices like arterial lines, bedside monitors, ECGs, and others for patient evaluation.
Details about arterial line usage, benefits, and potential complications in critical settings.
Purpose and nursing roles in managing central venous catheters for critically ill patients.
Functions and importance of bedside monitors and ECG for tracking vital signs and heart conditions.
Pulse oximetry for oxygen saturation monitoring and using glucometers for glucose levels.
Introduction to life support equipment, focusing on mechanical ventilators.
Indications, classifications, and complications associated with mechanical ventilators.
Key nursing responsibilities for patients on mechanical ventilation to ensure safety and care.
Introduction and management of IV infusion pumps for controlled medication delivery.
Purpose, contents, and use of resuscitation carts in emergency medical situations.
Introduction to the defibrillator as essential lifesaving equipment in critical care.
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RESUSCIATION EQUIPMENTS IN INTENSISIVE CARE UNITS
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- 2. Introduction •Intensive care unit(ICU) equipment includes patient monitoring, respiratory and cardiac support, pain management, emergency resuscitation devices, and other life support equipment .
- 3. Conti… • They aredesigned to care for patients who are seriously injured, have a critical or life-threatening illness, or have undergone a major surgical procedure thereby requiring 24-hour care and monitoring.
- 4. TYPES OF DEVICES Intensivecare unit equipment includes 1) Patient monitoring devices 2) Life support and emergency resuscitation devices, and 3) Diagnostic devices.
- 5. PATIENT MONITORING EQUIPMENT •Arterial line • Bed side monitor • Blood pressure device (sphygmomanometer) • Blood pressure monitor • Electrocardiograph(ECG or EKG machine) • Electroencephalograph(EEG machine) • Intracranial pressure monitor • Pulse Oximeter • Glucometer
- 6. LIFE SUPPORT ANDEMERGENCY RESUSCITATION DEVICES • Mechanical Ventilator • Laryngoscope • Airway • Infusion pump • Crash cart(Resuscitation cart) • Intra aortic ballon pump (IABP) • Continuous positive air pressure machine (CPAP) • Defibrillator
- 7. DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT •Mobile x-rayunits •Portable clinical laboratory devices • Bronchoscope •Colonoscopy •Endoscope •Gastroscope
- 8. OTHER ICU EQUIPMENT DisposableICU equipment includes 1. Urinary catheter 2. Urinary drainage collector 3. Suction catheter 4. Nasogastric (NG) tube 5. Intravenous(IV) line or catheter 6. Feeding tube 7. Breathing tube( Endotracheal tube)
- 9. Arterial line • Arterialline placement is a common procedure in various critical care settings. • Intra-arterial blood pressure (BP) measurement is more accurate than measurement of BP by noninvasive means, especially in the critically ill.
- 10. Arterial line • Patientsmay require an arterial line for: • 1.Monitoring continuous blood pressure especially in patients with hemodynamic instability. 2. When vasoactive medications are needed and the responses to such medications require continuous blood pressure monitoring. 3. For patients who require frequent blood sampling.
- 11. Potential Complications AssociatedWith Arterial Lines 1) Hemorrhage 2) Air Emboli 3) Infection 4) Altered Skin Integrity 5) Impaired Circulation
- 12. Central I.V catheters •A central venous catheter is a special IV line that is inserted into a large vein in the body. Several veins are used for central venous catheters including those located in the shoulder (subclavian vein), neck (jugular vein), and groin (femoral vein)
- 13. Purposes of centralvein I.V catheter • when the patient either does not have adequate veins in the arms or needs special medications and/or nutrition that cannot be given through the smaller arm veins. • Serve as a guide of fluid balance in critically ill patients. • Determine the function of the right side of the heart.
- 14. Nurses role inpatient with central I.V lines 1. Monitor for the signs of complications. 2. Assess for patency of the CVP line. 3. Sterile dressing should be done to prevent infection( CVP care per the hospital protocol) 4. The length of the indwelling catheter should be recorded and regularly monitored. 5. Follow strict aseptic technique when handling CVC.
- 15. BEDSIDE MONITOR • Abedside monitor is a display of major body functions on a device that looks like a television screen or computer monitor. • The monitor is attached to wires, called leads. At the other end, the leads are attached to sensing devices attached to the patient's body. • The sensing device sends electronic signals to the monitor, which displays the readings for the specific body function being monitored.
- 16. Bedside monitors • Themonitor is typically used when the doctor wants to measure functions like the heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and temperature.
- 17. Electrocardiographic (ECG) • Electrocardiographic(ECG) monitoring is routinely used in hospitals for patients with a wide range of cardiac and non-cardiac diagnoses. • Besides simple monitoring of heart rate and detection of life-threatening arrhythmias, the goals of ECG monitoring include detection of myocardial ischaemia, diagnosis of complex arrhythmia, and identification of a prolonged QT interval.
- 18. Electroencephalography EEG • Electroencephalography, techniquefor recording and interpreting the electrical activity of the brain . • The measurements given by an EEG are used to confirm or rule out various conditions, including: • seizure disorders (such as epilepsy ), head injury, Encephalitis brain tumor, memory problems, stroke etc.
- 19. Intracranial pressure monitor •Patients with brain injury of any etiology are at risk for developing increased intracranial pressure. • Acute intracranial hypertension is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention to prevent permanent damage to the brain • Intracranial pressure (ICP) data from electronic monitoring equipment are usually calculated and recorded hourly in the clinical chart by trained nurses.
- 20. Complication •Potential complications associatedwith ICP monitoring include infection and brain hemorrhage, which are very infrequent.
- 21. Pulse Oximetery • Pulseoximetry is universally used for monitoring patients in the critical care setting. • A pulse oximeter is the device that measures and displays the oxygen arterial saturation.
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- 25. Mechanical ventilatilator •Mechanical ventilationmay be required for a variety of reasons, including the need to control the patient’s respirations during surgery or during treatment of severe head injury, to oxygenate the blood when the patient’s ventilatory efforts are inadequate, and to rest the respiratory muscles.
- 26. • A mechanicalventilator is a positive- or negative-pressure breathing device that can maintain ventilation and oxygen delivery for a prolonged period. • . Nurses, physicians, and respiratory therapists must understand each patient’s specific pulmonary needs and work together to set realistic goals
- 27. INDICATIONS FOR MECHANICALVENTILATION • If a patient has a continuous decrease in oxygenation (PaO2), an increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2), and a persistent acidosis (decreased pH), mechanical ventilation may be necessary. • Conditions such as thoracic or abdominal surgery, drug overdose, neuromuscular disorders, inhalation injury, COPD, multiple trauma, shock, multisystem failure, and coma all may lead to respiratory failure and the need for mechanical ventilation.
- 28. CLASSIFICATION OF VENTILATORS •Several types of mechanical ventilators exist; they are classified according to the manner in which they support ventilation. • The two general categories are: 1. Negative-pressure 2. Positive-pressure ventilators. The most common category in use today is the positive pressure ventilator.
- 29. Complications of Mechanicalventilator • Alterations in cardiac function • Ventilator associated pneumonia ( VAP) • Barotrauma (trauma to the alveoli) and pneumothorax • Pulmonary infection
- 30. NURSING CARE PATIENTWITH MECHANICAL VENTILATOR
- 31. Nursing care patientwith Mechanical ventilator • Promoting effective airway clearance. • Suction appropriately • preventing trauma and infection. • Provide frequent position every 2 hours. • Maintain ventilator tube patency and secure properly to avoid displacement. • Provide oral care 2 to 3 times per day. • Assess respiratory, cardiovascular & neurological system every 1 hour.
- 32. Nursing care patientwith Mechanical ventilator • Review of communications. • Check ventilator setting • Daily ABGs • Assess pain • Prevent infection • Identify and prevent complications associated with Mechanical ventilator • Additional equipment readily accessible to the bedside: 1. Intubation equipment 2. Oxygen- wall and portable supplies 3. Battery operated suction unit
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- 34. INFUSION PUMPS • Anexternal infusion pump is a medical device used to deliver medications & fluids into a patient’s body in a controlled manner. • Infusion pumps may be capable of delivering medications & fluids in large or small amounts, and may be used to deliver nutrients or medications – such as insulin or other hormones, antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and pain relievers.
- 35. A number ofcommonly used infusion pumps are designed for specialized purposes. These include: • Enteral pump - A pump used to deliver liquid nutrients and medications to a patient’s digestive tract. • Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump - A pump used to deliver pain medication, which is equipped with a feature that allows patients to self-administer a controlled amount of medication, as needed. • Insulin pump - A pump typically used to deliver insulin to patients with diabetes. Insulin pumps are frequently used in the home.
- 36. Nurses role inpatient with I.V infusion pump • Using aseptic technique and universal precautions, iv infusion should be set. • Monitor the pump and patient frequently to ensure correct operation. • Keep the pump plugged in when possible to ensure that the battery is fully charged at all times. • Set the flow rate as prescribed calculating the amount of fluid. • Observe for the signs of infiltration or other complications such as thrombophlebitis. • Fluid or electrolyte overload and embolism before administration.
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- 38. Resuscitation Cart (CrashCart) •The Resuscitation cart contains all of the equipment and medications needed for advanced life support and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation).
- 39. PURPOSES OF RESUSCITATIONCART (CRASH CART) • To enhance the Code Blue team’s response to patients with emergency medical situations by providing immediate access to supplies and medications. • An emergency cart or crash cart is a cart that facilitates coordination of emergency equipment. • A specific crash cart type facilitates staff familiarity with equipment • It is help to ensure a properly stocked emergency cart will be readily available • It also ensures a properly functioning defibrillator will be readily available. • It helps to save the valuable time at the time of emergency.
- 40. CONTENTS RESUSCITATION CART(CRASH CART) • Monitor/defibrillators , suction devices, and bag valve mask s (BVMs) of different sizes. • Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) drugs such as 1. Epinephrine 2. Atropine 3. Amiodarone 4. Lidocaine 5. sodium bicarbonate 6. Dopamine and vasopressin.
- 41. CONTENTS RESUSCITATION CART(CRASH CART) 1. Drugs for rapid sequence intubation: succinylcholine or another paralytic , and a sedative such as etomidate or midazolam; endotracheal tubes and other intubating equipment & different sizes of ET tubes. 2. Drugs for peripheral and central venous access 3. Pediatric equipment (common pediatric drugs, intubation equipment, etc.)
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