RIOT and the evolution of operating systems for IoT devices (Emmanuel Baccelli, INRIA)
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RIOT is an open source operating system designed for Internet of Things (IoT) devices that have constrained resources. It aims to provide a standard software platform for IoT to address challenges of limited resources on devices and lack of interoperability. RIOT achieves this through its microkernel architecture, modular network stack supporting standards like 6LoWPAN, and ability to run on many different low-power hardware platforms. It also supports running existing IoT applications and integration with other open source IoT software through its ports. The project is community-driven to develop the software in an open and collaborative manner.
RIOT and the evolution of operating systems for IoT devices (Emmanuel Baccelli, INRIA)
- 1. www.riot-os.org Emmanuel Baccelli on behalf of the RIOT Community
- 2. RIOT Agenda • Why? • How? • What is RIOT? • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 1: constraineddevices • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 2: interoperability • Current stand, in a nutshell
- 3. RIOT Agenda • Why? • How? • What is RIOT? • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 1: constraineddevices • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 2: interoperability • Current stand, in a nutshell
- 4. Software Platforms Are Crucial • Recent calls for OS and data ’’sovereignty’’ Snowden political scandal à strategic & privacy incentives Android generates billions of dollars à business incentives
- 5. Advantage: extremely big business Drawback: extreme challenge for privacy Software platforms are even more crucial in IoT IoT = Future Internet’s extremity
- 6. e.g. like Arduino (but not like Rasberry Pi) • Great expectations for IoT, but… …no standard platform yet, to program most IoT devices! Software Platforms for IoT? Linux Android Moore’s law
- 7. Goals for an IoT software platform ü long-term IoT software robustness & security ü trust, transparency & protection of IoT users’ privacy ü faster innovation by spreading IoT software dev. costs ü less garbage with less IoT device lock-down
- 8. RIOT Agenda • Why? • How? • What is RIOT? • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 1: constraineddevices • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 2: interoperability • Current stand, in a nutshell
- 9. How can we achieve our goals? • Experience (e.g. with Linux) shows we are likely to succeed with a platform that is: § open source § free § driven by a grassroots community
- 10. • Contributors worldwide – People from industry, academia, hobbyists/makers – Community self-organizes, follows open processes • Large-scale distributed source code management Geopolitical neutrality RIOT Principles
- 11. RIOT Principles • Free & open source software platform – core distributed with non-viral copyleft license (aims for less forks = more coherent code + community) Indirect business models (like business with Linux)
- 12. RIOT Agenda • Why? • How? • What is RIOT? • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 1: constraineddevices • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 2: interoperability • Current stand, in a nutshell
- 13. RIOT : an OS that fits IoT devices IoT Memory ~ 16kB Memory ~ 100kB Memory ~ 8kB
- 14. RIOT : an OS that fits IoT devices • RIOT is the combination of: q needed memory & energy efficiency to fit IoT devices q functionalitiesof a full-fledged operating system • Advanced, consistent APIs across 32-bit, 16-bit, 8-bit hardware • Full-featured, extensible network stacks
- 15. • Why? • How? • What is RIOT? • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 1: constraineddevices • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 2: interoperability • Current stand, in a nutshell RIOT Agenda
- 17. How RIOT solves Challenge 1 • Micro-kernel architecture (contrary to Linux) à minimal requirements around 1kB RAM • Tickless scheduler à energy efficiency • Deterministic O(1) scheduler à real-time • Low latency interrupt handler à reactivity
- 18. How RIOT solves Challenge 1 • Consistent, powerful API on 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit à preemptive multithreading, IPC… • Modular structure, adaptive to diverse hardware à support for 50+ different IoT boards/devices and counting MCUs: ARM Cortex M, TI MSP430, AVR… Radios: AT86RF233…
- 19. Zoom on hardware-dependent code Red: must have Green: must have but shared by all ports with same architecture Grey: optional for initial porting Task Switching, StackHandling, Interrupt Handling: done for ARM Cortex M3, M4 and M0 is on the way (GPIO, UART, SPI, Timers: done for STM, Atmel, NXP…) • Efficient HAL: minimized hardware-dependentcode How RIOT solves Challenge 1
- 20. Well-known tools are usable! • Compliance with common system standards ü POSIX sockets, pthreads ü standard C, C++ application coding à Much shorter development life-cycles ü Run & debug as native process in Linux ü Use of well known debug tools enabled
- 21. • Why? • How? • What is RIOT? • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 1: constraineddevices • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 2: interoperability • Current stand, in a nutshell RIOT Agenda
- 22. IoT Challenge 2: Interoperability • System-levelinteroperability – Hardware-independentIoT software – Usability of third-party, well-known tools • Network level interoperability – End-to-end connectivity per default – Device-to-device connectivity
- 23. IoT Interoperability Challenge: The IoT today looks mostly like this
- 24. IoT Interoperability Challenge: The IoT we want looks more like that
- 25. The IoT we want is… the Internet!
- 28. Usual solutions for Interoperability: Challenged by IoT… … because of resource constrains on IoT devices § Memory, CPU, energy … because of low-power communication characteristics § Lossy / duty cycles § Super-small frames § Spontaneous wireless architecture à Adapted standard IoT protocols needed
- 29. Standard IoT protocols? On the way! Work in progress at IETF, IEEE, W3C, OMA… Radio Transmission COAP RPL 6LoWPAN ICMP UDP IEEE 802.15.4 MAC IPv6 New specs for link layer technologies – Low-power radios, PLC, BACnet – IEEE 802.15.4, Z-Wave, BLE, LoRa (and IEEE 802.11) – More to come… New specs for network layer protocols – FittingIoT requirements and interoperable with IP – 6TiSCH, 6LoWPAN, RPL, OLSRv2, AODVv2 – More to come… New specs for application layer protocols – FittingIoT requirements and interoperable with web – CoAP, LwM2M, CBOR – More to come… New network paradigms – Content-centricnetworking for IoT – More to come…
- 30. à Network stack ultra-flexibility and modularity How RIOT solves Challenge 2 Traditionalstack RIOT stack (GNRC)
- 31. How RIOT solves Challenge 2 ü 6LoWPAN stack, supporting IoT wireless tech. ü Standard IPv6 stack ü BSD-like ports for third-party modules/stacks: § OpenWSN, CCN-lite, Emb6, lwIP, tinyDTLS…
- 32. RIOT Agenda • Why? • How? • What is RIOT? • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 1: constraineddevices • Solving IoT technicalchallenge 2: interoperability • Current stand, in a nutshell
- 33. RIOT in a nutshell Peripherals (including network interfaces) Lowpower MCU + radio or wired communications Other network stacks Closed- & Open-source IoT Applications CoAP, LWM2M... RPL, UDP … IPv6, 6LoWPAN … Closed-Source DriversOpen-Source Drivers RIOT offers a platform functionally equivalent to Linux, based on: open-source, open-access protocol specs, community-driven dev. IETF Free, open-source plaftorm for portable IoT software Third-party software Hardware Micro Kernel
- 34. RIOT can do more, so RIOT can do less • Arduino scripts can run as-is on top of RIOT • mbed applications could run on top of RIOT • Contiki can run in a single RIOT thread
- 35. RIOT Roots & Evolution • 2008 – 2012 Ancestors of RIOT kernel developed in research projects (FireKernel, uKleos). • 2013 – 2016 Brandingof RIOT started, source code moved to Github, major developmentof the network stack & the OS as such. • Speed-evolution of the code-base. 110+ contributors. Founding institutions
- 37. ü bringing together RIOTers, beginners & experts ü gathering people interested in the IoT in general ü plenary talks, hands-on tutorials & demos Call for contributions & sponsors http://summit.riot-os.org/category/calls/ http://summit.riot.org IETF In conjunction with IETF 96 in Berlin