Risk and Threat Assessment Report Anthony WolfBSA 5.docx

Risk and Threat Assessment Report
Anthony Wolf
BSA/ 520
May 11th, 2020
Jeffery McDonough
Running head: RISK AND THREAT ASSESSMENT REPORT
1
RISK AND THREAT ASSESMENT REPORT
2
Risk and Threat Assessment Report
The rise of innovation and technological advancement has
affected the aspects of technology in different ways.
Improvement of software and operating systems gives hackers a
reason to strive and develop more complex forms of
overweighing security measures on those applications.
Traditional application security best practices and secure coding
are often recommended in protecting different applications
against runtime attacks.
Runtime application self-protection is an emerging application
in the protection of software applications, data, and databases.
The increase in attacks has triggered the development of
security technology that is linked or build into an application
runtime environment. Besides, database deployment is

safeguarded by run time application self-protection that can
control the execution of applications, detecting, and preventing
real-time attacks. The threats and risks associated with
operating systems, networks, and software systems are
significant concerns to users.
The internet has changed how people do their businesses. With
the growth of e-commerce and other online transactions, there
has been a subsequent increase in internet risk threats that are
commonly occasioned by hacking and malware attacks. There
are different types of e-commerce threats and might be
accidental, deliberately done by perpetrators, or occur due to
human error. The most prevalent threats are money theft,
unprotected services, credit card fraud, hacking, data misuse,
and phishing attacks. Heats associated with online transactions
can be prevented or reduced by keeping the credit cards safe.
Consumers/customers should be advised to avoid carrying their
credit cards in their wallets since they increase the chances of
misplacement. Each buyer should be cautious when using their
you’re their online credit information.
The advancement in technology has seen an increase in online
transactions. The practice of doing business transactions via the
internet is called e-commerce. Their growth has subsequently
lead to the rise in internet risk threats that are commonly
occasioned by hacking and malware attacks. E-commerce is the
activity of conducting transactions via the internet. Internet
transactions can be drawn on various technologies, including
internet marketing, electronic data exchanges, automated data
collection systems, electronic fund transfer, and mobile
commerce.
Online transaction threats occur by using the internet for unfair
means with the aim of fraud, security breach, and stealing. The
use of electronic payment systems has a substantial risk of
fraud. It uses the identity of a customer to authorize a payment
like security questions and passwords. If someone accesses a
customer's password, he will gain access to his accounts and
steal money or change everything and own the account. Hackers

can use stolen credit data to make online purchases.
Privacy issues are also common as the personal data for a
customer could be compromised and employed in unsolicited
marketing, identity theft, and spamming. System reliability is a
great issue in online transactions (Kure & Islam, 2019). There
are high chances of the internet service provider crashing. The
e-commerce plugin could also have bugs, and the online
payment system could she errors. The risk of payment conflict
is commonly experienced in online transactions. Technical
glitches and anomalies in electronic payment systems may result
in a conflict of payment.
E-cash is a paperless cash system that is commonly used in e-
commerce to transfer funds anonymously. It has several threats
related to it, including backdoor attacks, which give attackers
unwarranted access to a system by bypassing the set
authentication mechanisms. Denial of service attacks is a
common security attack where attackers take actions that bare
the right user from accessing the electronic device.
Networks security faces a lot of threats that compromise its
operations. A computer virus is a network security threat.
Computer viruses are parts of software that are designed with
the capacity to spread from one to another computer. These
viruses are often downloaded from a particular site or sent as
email attachments to infect a computer. Viruses corrupt and
steal data from a computer. Rogue computer software is another
threat. It is malicious software that can mislead computer users
to believe that a computer virus has been installed on their
computer. Adware and spyware are software that is designed to
tracks the data of one's browsing habits with their consent.
Data availability, integrity, and confidentiality are the primary
security threat in an operating system (Mhatre, Pegna &
Brdiczka 2018). Malicious and accidental destruction of data
files, modification of data files, unauthorized reading databases,
or data files are of concern on the security of the operating
system. Malicious software or malware hijacks an operating
system to perform some tasks for an attacker. Spyware, Trojans,

and viruses are the most predominant form of malware with
each operating to undermine the security controls of an
operating system. Hackers turn compromised computers to
zombies or bots and force them to join a network of other
systems to launch large scale attacks on organizations.
Software threats commonly associated with system software are
malicious pieces of applications and computer code that can
compromise or damage a computer and steal financial and
confidential information. Antivirus programs and other
comprehensive security software also aid in preventing the
impacts of software threats. Bluejacking is among the software
threats and is intended to share contact data to send unwanted
and anonymous messages to other users. Mobile devices and
their applications are also infected by viruses that spread
through the mobile network. The viruses are identical to other
computer viruses.
Database deployment in a distributed environment enables
heterogeneous or homogeneous computers to act as a computing
environment. Deployment is a great concern for databases, and
various challenges impede database deployment. There are both
internal and external risks and threats treated to database
deployment in a distributed environment. One of them is
excessive database privileges. Database users may abuse the
privileges in different ways, i.e., unused privilege abuse,
legitimate privileges, and extreme privilege abuse.
Excessive privileges in database deployment lead to
unnecessary risks. This can be curbed by deploying and
upholding strict accesses and privileges control policy (Visbal
2019). Company employees should not be given excessive
privileges. SQL injection is an attack that occurs when
malicious code is embedded in a web application and then
transferred to the backend database. The SQL injection enables
criminals to have unlimited access to any data that is stored in a
database. The NoSQL injection targets bug data databases while
the SQL injection targets the traditional databases.
Database backups exposure is a common risk in database

deployment in a distributed environment. It is always
recommendable to backup a proprietary database at a defined
time. The problem emerges since most of the database back up
files are often left unprotected from attack leading to several
security breaches that occur through database backup leaks.
Database vulnerabilities and misconfigurations. This happens as
most of the databases are left unprotected due to
misconfiguration. Professional IT specialists and hackers use
configuration parameters and default accounts to exploit
database misconfigurations and vulnerabilities to attack an
organization. Denial of service attack slows down as a database
server and can even hide it from all users. DoS attacks can cost
the victims considerable time and money. However, it doesn’t
disclose the content of a database.
Reference
Kure, H. I., & Islam, S. (2019). Assets focus risk management
framework for critical infrastructure, cybersecurity risk
management. IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory &
Applications, 4(4), 332-340.

Mhatre, H., Pegna, D. L., & Brdiczka, O. (2018). U.S. Patent
No. 10,050,985. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office.
Visbal, A. (2019). U.S. Patent Application No. 16/256,862.
NR360 We Can But Dare We.docx Revised 5 ‐ 9 ‐ 16
DA/LS/psb 07.14.16 1
NR360 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HEALTHCARE
Required Uniform Assignment: We Can, but Dare We?
PURPOSE
The purpose of this assignment is to investigate smartphone and
social media use in healthcare and to
apply professional, ethical, and legal principles to their
appropriate use in healthcare technology.
Course Outcomes
This assignment enables the student to meet the following
course outcomes.
• CO #4: Investigate safeguards and decision‐making support
tools embedded in patient
care technologies and information systems to support a safe
practice environment for
both patients and healthcare workers. (PO 4)

• CO #6: Discuss the principles of data integrity, professional
ethics, and legal
requirements related to data security, regulatory requirements,
confidentiality, and
client’s right to privacy. (PO 6)
• CO #8: Discuss the value of best evidence as a driving force
to institute change in the
delivery of nursing care (PO 8)
DUE DATE
See Course Schedule in Syllabus. The college’s Late
Assignment Policy applies to this activity.
TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE
This assignment is worth a total of 240 points.
Requirements
1. Research, compose, and type a scholarly paper based on the
scenario described below, and
choose a conclusion scenario to discuss within the body of your
paper. Reflect on lessons
learned in this class about technology, privacy concerns, and
legal and ethical issues and
addressed each of these concepts in the paper, reflecting on the
use of smartphones and social

media in healthcare. Consider the consequences of such a
scenario. Do not limit your review of
the literature to the nursing discipline only because other health
professionals are using the
technology, and you may need to apply critical thinking skills to
its applications in this scenario.
2. Use Microsoft Word and APA formatting. Consult your copy
of the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association, sixth edition, as well as
the resources in Doc Sharing if you
have questions (e.g., margin size, font type and size (point), use
of third person, etc.). Take
DA/LS/psb 07.14.16 2
advantage of the writing service SmartThinking, which is
accessed by clicking on the link called
the Tutor Source, found under the Course Home area.
3. The length of the paper should be four to five pages,
excluding the title page and the reference
page. Limit the references to a few key sources (minimum of

three required).
4. The paper will contain an introduction that catches the
attention of the reader, states the
purpose of the paper, and provides a narrative outline of what
will follow (i.e., the assignment
criteria).
5. In the body of the paper, discuss the scenario in relation to
HIPAA, legal, and other regulatory
requirements that apply to the scenario and the ending you
chose. Demonstrate support from
sources of evidence (references) included as in‐text citations.
6. Choose and identify one of the four possible endings
provided for the scenario, and construct
your paper based on its implications to the scenario. Make
recommendations about what should
have been done and what could be done to correct or mitigate
the problems caused by the
scenario and the ending you chose. Demonstrate support from
sources of evidence (references)
included as in‐text citations.
7. Present the advantages and disadvantages of using
smartphones and social media in healthcare
and describe professional and ethical principles to the
appropriate use of this technology, based

on facts from supporting sources of evidence, which must be
8. The paper’s conclusion should summarize what you learned
and make reflections about them to
your practice.
9. Use the “Directions and Assignment Criteria” and “Grading
Rubric” below to guide your writing
and ensure that all components are complete.
10. Review the section on Academic Honesty found in the
Chamberlain Course Policies. All work
must be original (in your own words). Papers will automatically
be submitted to TurnItIn when
submitted to the Dropbox.
11. Submit the completed paper to the “We Can, but Dare We?”
Dropbox by the end of Week 3.
Please refer to the Syllabus for due dates for this assignment.
For online students, please post
questions about this assignment to the weekly Q & A Forums so
that the entire class may view
the answers.

Preparing for the Assignment
BACKGROUND
Healthcare is readily embracing any technology to improve
patient outcomes, streamline operations,
and lower costs, but we must also consider the impact of such
technology on privacy and patient care.
This technology includes the use of social media applications,
such as Facebook, Instagram, MySpace,
Twitter, and LinkedIn on smartphones.
DA/LS/psb 07.14.16 3
In healthcare today, smartphones are widely used for
communication, efficiency, and care. Obviously, a
variety of issues (ethical, professional, and legal) from both the
personal and hospital perspectives
must be considered. SCENARIO
You are a nurse in the emergency room, working the Friday 7
p.m. to 7 a.m. shift, and your evening has
been filled with the usual mix of drunken belligerent teens,
wailing babies, chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, falls, fractures, and
the routine, regular congestive heart
failure (CHF) patients. Your best friend is texting you from the
concert that you had to miss tonight
because you were scheduled to work, and you respond to her
between care of patients, jealous that she
is there and you are not. “What a jerk to torture me like this!”
you think to yourself.
It is now 2 a.m., and the medics radio once again, notifying you
of an incoming motor vehicle accident
victim, ETA of 5 minutes. You sigh and opt to use the restroom,
rather than getting that much‐needed
cup of coffee, and prepare a room for your next patient. The
medics roll in and begin to fill you in. The
patient is a 28‐year‐old male, a passenger on a bus that was
involved in a crash, leaving the vehicle
overturned after rolling over an embankment. There were
several fatalities among the bus passengers,
and “this victim has remained unconscious, though his vitals are
currently” . . . and as you start to focus
on the patient, you take a second look. Can it be? It is! The lead
singer, Jerod, from the band “Blue
Lizards,” who you have adored since you first heard his voice!
The band had just left the concert that

you had missed last evening when the accident occurred. You
quickly text your best friend . . . “Can you
believe?” and she responds with “Yeah, right. PROVE IT.” So
you quickly snap a picture with your
smartphone, when alone with the patient, and send it to her.
Can’t hurt, right? Celebrities are “public
property,” and that’s a part of their life, right? Just for good
measure, you snap a few more pictures of
the unconscious singer in various stages of undress and then a
shot of his home address, phone number,
and demographic information from his electronic health record.
You sit your phone down on the
bedside table for a minute as you continue your assessment of
the patient.
At 7:00 a.m., you drag your tired body home and straight to bed
after a long but eventful night.
What happens next? Choose an ending to the scenario, and
construct your paper based on those
reflections:
1. You are the following nurse on the day shift and discover the
night nurse’s phone on the bedside
table. While trying to figure out to whom it belongs, you open
the phone and see the

photographs taken the night before. Holy moly! What a find,
and nobody could trace you to the
photos.
2. You receive a call from the gossip paper the Gossip Gazette,
offering you $20,000 for the photos
you have taken (courtesy of your best friend). Your identity
would never be revealed, and you
desperately need a new car and are behind on some bills.
3. You go on Facebook, on your day off, and talk about the
night you had at work and how you
didn’t really feel as bad having to miss the concert, because you
actually got to meet Jerod in
person and even “Got his number!” You then post a picture of
Jerod on Facebook and
DA/LS/psb 07.14.16 4
Instagram, figuring that most of your contacts would never
recognize him anyway. It’s your day
off and your personal time, so no harm, no foul, right?

4. You receive a message the next morning from a peer at work
that there is a big investigation
being conducted at work due to a HIPAA violation and that it
involved a celebrity who had been
admitted to the hospital. The word is that legal action is being
taken against the hospital due to
some photos that were sold to the Gossip Gazette. Knowing that
the photo you sent is safe with
your best friend, you reach for your smartphone, but it is
nowhere to be found.
DA/LS/psb 07.14.16 5
Directions and Assignment Criteria
Assignment Criteria Points % Description
Introduction 40
points
40 17%

Catches the attention of the reader States
the purpose of the paper
Provides a narrative outline of the paper (i.e., the
assignment criteria).
HIPAA, Legal, & Regulatory
Discussion
40 points
40 17% Discussion the following as they apply to the use of
cellphones and social media in healthcare: o
HIPAA/regulatory requirements
o Other legal requirements appropriate to the
use of this technology
Demonstrate support from sources of evidence
Scenario Ending &
Recommendations
50 points
50 21%
Choose and identify one of the four possible endings
provided for the scenario.
Make recommendations about what should have been
done and what could be done to correct or mitigate

the problems caused by the scenario and the ending
you chose.
Advantages and
Disadvantages
50 points
50 21% Discuss at least two (2) advantages and two (2)
disadvantages of using smartphones and social media
in healthcare
Describe professional and ethical principles to the
appropriate use of this technology
Conclusion and Reflections
30 points
30 12%
Summarize what you learned
Make reflections about lessons learned to your
practice.
Scholarly Writing and APA

Format
30 points
30 12%
Title page, running head, & page numbers are correct.
Use Microsoft Word and APA (6th ed.) formatting
Length is 4‐5 pages (excludes title & reference pages).
At least 3 references are used, listed in APA format
References match in text citations in APA format
Spelling, grammar, & mechanics are correct.
Total 240 100%
NR360 WECANBUTDAREWE Guidelines.docxRevised 05
/09/ 18 DA SME/psb 07.14.16 6
Grading Rubric
Assignment
Criteria Outstanding or Highest Level

of Performance
A (92–100%)
Very Good or High Level of
Performance
B (84–91%)
Competent or Satisfactory
Level of Performance
C (76–83%)
Poor, Failing or
Unsatisfactory Level of
Performance F
(0–75%)
Introduction 40
points
The student catches the reader’s
attention, states the paper’s
purpose, and provides a narrative
outline of the paper’s body.

35–40 points
One of the following is missing or
inadequate: attention‐catching
statement(s), paper’s purpose, or a
narrative outline of the paper’s
body.
30–34 points
Two of the following are missing or
inadequate: attention‐catching
body.
26–29 points
Three of the following are missing
or inadequate: attention‐catching
body.
0–25 points
HIPAA, Legal, &
Regulatory

Discussion
40 points
The discussion of the following as
they apply to the use of cellphones
and social media in healthcare, is
thoroughly addressed:
• HIPAA/regulatory
requirements
• Other legal requirements
appropriate to the use of
this technology
Demonstrated support from
sources of evidence included as
intext citations.
35–40 points
lacking in one or more component:
requirements
this technology

or
Support is not demonstrated
adequately from sources of
evidence included as in‐text
citations.
30–34 points
lacking in one or more component:
requirements
this technology
and
citations.
26–29 points
lacking both components: •
HIPAA/regulatory requirements •
Other legal requirements

appropriate to the use of this
technology
and
citations.
0–25 points
/09/ 18 DA SME/psb 07.14.16 7
Scenario Ending &
Recommendations
50 points
Included all of the following
elements sufficiently:
• Identify one of the four possible
endings provided for the scenario.
elements but did not develop at
least one area substantively :

elements but did not develop at
two or more area substantively : •
Identify one of the four possible
Did not included the following
elements substantively :
• Made recommendations
about what should have been done.
• Made recommendations about
what could be done to correct or
mitigate the problems caused by the
scenario and the ending chosen.
• Demonstrated support
from sources of evidence included
as intext citations.

45‐50 points
scenario and the ending
chosen.
Or
• Did not demonstrated
support from sources of evidence
included
as in‐text citations.
40‐44 points
scenario and the ending
chosen.
Or
included
36‐39 points

mitigate the problems caused by
the scenario and the ending
chosen.
Or
included
0‐35 points
/09/ 18 DA SME/psb 07.14.16 8
Advantages and
Disadvantages
50 points
Met all of the following criteria: •
Discussed at least two (2)
advantages and two (2)
disadvantages of using
smartphones and social media in
healthcare
• Described professional and

ethical principles to the appropriate
• Demonstrated support from
sources of evidence included as intext
citations.
45‐50 points
Did not meet one of the following
criteria:
• Discussed at least two (2)
advantages and two (2) disadvantages
of using smartphones and social media
in healthcare
citations.
40‐44 points
Did not meet two or more of the
following criteria:
advantages and two (2) disadvantages
of using smartphones and social media
in healthcare

citations.
36—39 points
Did not meet Three or more of the
following criteria:
advantages and two (2)
disadvantages of using smartphones
and social media in healthcare
citations.
0‐35 points
Conclusion and
Reflections
30 points
Met the following criteria
substantively:
• Summarized what you learned •
Made reflections about lessons
learned to your practice.
25‐30 points
Did not meet at least one of the

following criteria substantively: •
Summarize what you learned •
Make reflections about lessons
20‐24 points
Did not meet either of the
following criteria substantively: •
Summarize what you learned •
Make reflections about lessons
16‐19 points
Did not include a formal conclusion
paragraph
0–15 points
Scholarly Writing
and APA Format
30 points
The following
points

• 6 points
are achieved by successful implementation of each scholarly
writing/APA element:
Title page, running head, & page numbers are correct.
• 4 points Use Microsoft Word and APA (6th ed.) formatting
• 2 point Length is 4‐5 pages (excludes title & reference
pages).
• 6 points At least 3 references are used, listed in APA format
• 6 points References match in text citations in APA format
/09/ 18 DA SME/psb 07.14.16 9
• 4 points Spelling/mechanics & grammar are correct.
• 2 point Scholarly writing style is used
Total Points Possible = /240 Points

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