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- 2. The title, in meaning Touch me John 20:17 in tried to touch not, refers to the as the newly risen , He said "Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father." The TITLE
- 3. JOSE RIZAL preferred that the prospective novel expresses the backward, anti-progress and anti-intellectual way Filipino culture was.
- 4. On JUNE 2, 1884, Rizal proposed the writing of a novel about the Philippines written by a group of Filipinos.
- 5. His proposal was unanimously approved by the Filipinos present at the party, among whom were Pedro, Maximino and Antonio Paterno,Graciano López Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente and Valentin Ventura.
- 6. Rizal finished the novel in December 1886. Rizal feared the novel might not be printed, and that it would remain unread. A financial aid came from a friend named Máximo Viola which helped him print his book at a fine print media in Berlin named Berliner Buchdruckerei- PUBLICATION
- 7. Son of a Filipino businessman, Don Rafael Ibarra, he studied in Europe for seven years. Ibarra is also María Clara's fiancé. Several sources claim that Ibarra is also Rizal's reflection.
- 8. Ibarra's fiancée. She was raised by Capitán Tiago and is the most beautiful and widely celebrated girl in San Diego. an illegitimate daughter of Father Dámaso. María Clara
- 9. Santiago de los Santos, known by his nickname Tiago title Capitán Tiago and political is a Filipino businessman and the cabeza de barangay or head of barangay of the town of San Diego. He is also the known father of María Clara. Capitan Tiago
- 10. Dámaso Verdolagas, or Padre Dámaso is a Franciscan friar and the former parish curate of San Diego. He is best known as a notorious character who speaks with harsh words and has been a cruel priest during his stay in Padre Dámaso
- 11. Elías is Ibarra's mysterious friend and ally. He wants to revolutionize the country and to be freed from Spanish oppression. Elia s
- 12. DON ANASTASIO: Seeking for reforms from the government, he expresses his ideals in paper written in a cryptographic alphabet "that the future generations may be able to decipher it" and realized the abuse and oppression done by the conquerors. Pilosopong Tacio
- 13. Doña Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña, is an ambitious Filipina who classifies herself as a Spanish and mimics Spanish ladies by putting on heavy make-up. Doña Victorina
- 14. Narcisa or Sisa is the deranged mother of Basilio and Crispín. Described as beautiful and young, although she loves her children very much, she can not protect them from the beatings of her husband, Pedro. Sisa, Crispín, and Basilio
- 15. Crispín is Sisa's 7-year-old son. An altar boy, he was unjustly accused of stealing m o n e y from the church. After failing to force Crispín to return the money he allegedly stole, Father Salví and the head sacristan killed him. It is not directly stated that he was killed, but the dream of Basilio suggests that Crispín died during
- 16. Basilio is Sisa's 10-year- old son. An acolyte tasked to ring the church bells for the Angelus, he faced the dread of losing his younger brother and the descent of his mother into insanity. At the end of the novel, Elías wished Basilio to bury him by burning in exchange of chest of gold located on his death ground. He will later play a major role in El Filibusterismo.
- 17. Having completed his studies in Europe, comes back to the Philippines after a 7-year absence.
- 18. In his honor, family friend, together party, a threw a get- which was other attended by friars and prominent figures.
- 19. One of the guests, former San Diego curate belittled and slandered Ibarra.
- 20. The next day, Ibarra visits , his love, the beautiful daughter of Captain Tiago and affluent resident of Binondo.
- 21. love was Their long-standing clearly manifested in this meeting, and María Clara cannot help but reread the letters her sweetheart had written her before he went to Europe.
- 22. Before Ibarra left Diego, for San Lieutenant Guevara, a Civil Guard, reveals to him the incidents preceding the death of his father, ,
- 23. According to Guevara, Don Rafael was unjustly accused of being a heretic, in addition to being a subversive — an allegation brought forth by Dámaso because of Don Rafael's non-participation in the Sacraments, such as Confession and Mass.
- 24. Dámaso's animosity against Ibarra's father is aggravated by another incident when Don Rafael helped out on a fight between a tax collector and a child fighting, and the former's death was blamed on him, although it was not on purpose.
- 25. thought ill Suddenly, all of those who of him surfaced with additional complaints. He was imprisoned, and just when the matter was almost settled, he died of sickness in jail.
- 26. Revenge was not in Ibarra's plans, instead he carried through his father's plan of putting up a school, since he believed that education would pave the way to his country's progress (all over the novel the author refers to both Spain and the Philippines as two different countries as part of a same nation or family, with Spain seen as the mother and the Philippines as the daughter).
- 27. During the inauguration of the school, Ibarra would have been killed in a sabotage had — a mysterious man who had warned Ibarra earlier of a plot to assassinate him — not saved him. Instead the hired killer met an unfortunate incident and died.
- 28. After the inauguration, Ibarra hosted a luncheon during which Dámaso, gate-crashing the luncheon, again insulted him. Ibarra ignored the priest's insolence, but when the latter slandered the memory of his dead father, he was no longer able to restrain himself and lunged at Dámaso, prepared to stab him for his impudence
- 29. As a consequence, Dámaso excommun icated Ibarra, taking this opportunity to persuade the already-hesitant Tiago to forbid his daughter from marrying Ibarra. The friar wished María Clara to marry Linares, a Peninsular who had just arrived from
- 30. With the help of the Governor-General, Ibarra's excommunication nullified and was the Archbishop decided to accept him as a member of the Church once again.
- 31. Meanwhile, in Capitan Tiago's residence, a party was being held to announce the upcoming wedding of María Clara and Linares. Ibarra, with the help of Elías, took this opportunity to escape from prison.
- 32. Before leaving, Ibarra spoke to María Clara and accused her of betraying him, thinking that she gave the letter he wrote her to the jury. María Clara explained that she would never conspire against him, but that she was forced to surrender Ibarra's letter to Father Salvi, in exchange for the letters written by her mother even before she, María
- 33. María Clara, thinking that Ibarra had been killed in the shooting incident, was greatly overcome with grief. Robbed of severely disillusioned, hope an d she asked Dámaso to confine her into a nunnery.
- 34. Dámaso reluctantly agreed when she threatened to take her own life, demanding, "the nunnery or death!“ Unbeknownst to her, Ibarra was still alive and able to escape. It was Elías who had taken the shots.
- 35. It was Christmas Eve when Elías woke up in the forest fatally wounded, as it is here where he instructed Ibarra to meet him. Instead, Elías found the altar boy Basilio cradling his already-dead
- 36. The latter lost her mind when she learned that her two sons, Crispín and Basilio, were chased out of the convent by the sacristan mayor on suspicions of stealing
- 37. Elías, convinced that he would die soon, instructs Basilio to build a funeral pyre and burn his and Sisa's bodies to ashes. He tells Basilio that, if nobody reaches theplace, he come back later on and dig for he will find gold.
- 38. He also tells him (Basilio) to take the gold he finds and go to school. In his dying breath, he instructed Basilio to continue dreaming about freedom for his motherland with the words:
- 39. “I shall die without seeing the dawn break upon my homeland. You, who shall see it, salute it! Do not forget those who have fallen during the night”
- 41. Tiago became addicted to opium and was seen to frequent the opium house in Binondo to satiate his addiction. EPILOGUE
- 42. María Clara became a nun where Salví, who has lusted after her from the beginning of the novel, regularly used her EPILOGUE
- 43. One stormy evening, a beautiful crazy woman was seen at the top of the convent crying and cursing the heavens for the fate it has handed her. EPILOGUE
- 44. While the woman was never identified, it is insinuated that the said woman was Maria Clara. EPILOGUE
- 45. Thirteen years after leaving the Philippines, Crisostomo Ibarra returns as Simoun, a rich jeweler sporting a beard and blue-tinted glasses, and a confidant of the Captain-General. Abandoning idealism, he becomes a his cynical saboteur, seeking revenge against the Spanish Philippine system responsible for his misfortunes by plotting a revolution. EL FILIBUSTERISMO
- 46. Simoun insinuates himself into Manila high society and influences every decision of the Captain-General to mismanage the country’s affairs so that a revolution will break out.
- 47. He cynically sides with the upper classes, encouraging them to commit abuses against the masses to encourage the latter to revolt against the oppressive Spanish colonial regime.
- 48. This time, he does not attempt to fight the authorities through legal means, but through violent revolution using the masses. Simoun has reasons for instigating a revolution. First is to rescue María Clara from the convent and second, to get rid of ills and evils of Philippine society.
- 49. His true identity is discovered bya now grown-up Basilio while visiting the grave of his mother, Sisa, as Simoun was digging near the grave site for his buried treasures.
- 50. Simoun spares Basilio’s life and asks him to join in his planned revolution against the government, egging him on by bringing up the tragic misfortunes of the latter's family. Basilio declines the offer as he still hopes that the country’s condition will
- 51. Basilio, at this point, is a graduating student of medicine at the Ateneo Municipal de Manil a. After the death of his mother, Sisa, and the disappearance of his younger brother, Crispín, Basilio heeded the advice of the dying boatman, Elías, and traveled to
- 52. Basilio was adopted by Captain Tiago after María Clara entered the convent. WithCaptain Tiago’s help, Basilio was able to go to Colegio de San Juan de Letrán where, at first, he is frowned upon by his peers and teachers not only because of the color of his skin but also because of his shabby appearance.
- 53. Captain Tiago’s confessor, Father Irene is making Captain Tiago’s health worse by giving him opium even as Basilio tries hard to prevent Captain Tiago from smoking it. He and other students want to establish a Spanish language academy so that they can learn to speak and write Spanish despite the opposition from the Dominican friars of the
- 54. With the help of a reluctant Father Irene as their mediator and Don Custodio’s decision, the academy is established; however they will only serve as caretakers of the school not as the teachers. Dejected and defeated, they hold a mock celebration at a pancitería while a spy for the friars witnesses the proceedings
- 55. Simoun, for his part, keeps in close contact with the bandit group of Kabesang Tales,a former cabeza de barangay who suffered misfortunes at the hands of the friars. Once a farmer owning a prosperous sugarcane plantation and a cabeza de barangay (barangay head), he was forced to give everything to the greedy and unscrupulous Spanish friars.