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Robin Nicholson Evening Lecture for the MEGS-KT project
This document discusses a presentation given on visions for a low energy future and the role of universities. It begins with an introduction from Robin Nicholson on his background and experiences. The presentation then discusses the need to reduce energy demand and improve the existing building stock. It highlights the speaker's work with universities on research and different approaches like DIY and collective action. The presentation emphasizes the need for simple, well-executed solutions and measurement of impacts.
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Robin Nicholson Evening Lecture for the MEGS-KT project
- 1. Do we needvisions for a low energy future? What role for the universities? Centre for Engineering and Design Education, Loughborough University 17 October 2012 Robin Nicholson CBE RIBA Hon FIStructE Senior Partner, Edward Cullinan Architects Chair, Cambridgeshire Quality Panel Design Council CABE BEE Convener of Edge Director, NHBC
- 4. Hillside Hub, Stonebridge, NW London • COMMUNITY CENTRE • CAFÉ • HEALTH CENTRE • TESCO EXPRESS • 25 SHARED OWNERSHIP FLATS • 34 OPEN MARKET SALE FLATS • CIVIC SPACE, COMMUNAL GARDEN, PARKING
- 7. 2012 ‘Time ofyour life’ party
- 11. Do we needvisions for a low energy future? What role for the universities? • What’s the problem/opportunity (incl. politics)? • Demand reduction and the existing stock • Our work with universities/research • DIY (as in Green Deal) &/or collective? • Reduce…reuse…recycle • keep it simple and do it well and then measure it!
- 12. What will yoube doing in 2050? What was I doing in 1974? Some of the images in these presentations may be subject to copyright but are used in the public interest and not for profit
- 13. NUM work-to-rule and1973 Oil Crisis led to the 3-day week: 1 Jan – 7 March 1974 to conserve electricity
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- 15. Birmingham tornado 28thJuly 2003
- 16. Newcastle 26th Sept2012 • we hear a lot about new zero carbon homes by 2016 but the existing stock …. • our homes have put up with a lot but very low energy is seriously difficult • we can do so much on our own but don’t we need to act collectively?
- 17. We have alwaysmade houses suitable for Willis Carrier invented air- the particular climate until …. conditioning in 1902 But 71% of all energy delivered to air- conditioned buildings is used to power the air- conditioning
- 18. “To meet thechallenges of the 21st century, buildings need to perform much better: as sustainable assets, for their occupiers and for the environment. For example, UK Government policy is for new buildings to be zero carbon within a decade; and for the energy and carbon efficiency of the existing stock to improve dramatically. To respond to these targets, the construction industry will need to provide a very different service…." Bill Bordass paper on Soft Landings Sept 2010
- 19. Stern Report 30Oct 2006
- 20. Climate Change Act became law 11/08 (34% reduction by 2020 and 80% by 2050) Morrell appointed 11/09; Interim ‘Low Carbon Construction’ Report (3/2010) Change of Government 5/10 Low Carbon Construction Final Report 11/10 Carbon Plan 3/11 Energy Act 10/11 – Green Deal, Privately rented (min ‘E’ EPC by 4/18 and Energy Cos Obligations in place of CERT/CESP) Green Construction Board established (co-chaired by Mark Prisk and Dan Labbad answerable to Francis Maude at Cabinet office) 6/11 Zero carbon new homes by 2016 (announced by Gordon Brown and Ruth Kelly 4 August 2009 Zero carbon for all new non domestic 2019 or????? 80% reduction by 2050 means 1,600 homes per day and….!
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- 22. The Carbon Plan publishedMarch 2011 • at least 34% reduction in emissions by 2030 and 80% by 2050 below 1990 base • setting 5 yearly carbon budgets for Government Departments Key issues • Generating 2x electricity by nuclear, CCS (carbon capture and storage) and renewables • Insulating homes + more efficient boilers • electrifying transport incl. cars • Creating export opportunities • Leading international debate
- 23. “Low Carbon Construction”will be managed by the Cabinet Office • Government Construction Board • Green Construction Board working with: • UKGBC/ Strategic Forum • ICE on infrastructure • 2050 group on procurement After Latham (1994) and Egan (1998) how will be change the industry?
- 24. SDC scenarios: 50%cut by 2020 “There is a general and growing awareness of the challenge but few businesses have an accurate understanding of the sheer scale of the undertaking ahead…” Paul Morrell Interim Report
- 25. What cost zerocarbon? Renewables, wind energy, solar thermal energy, photovoltaics, biomass, ground source heat pumps. Building services, air conditionin avoidance, heat recovery, site wide energy systems (CHP), lighting controls (daylight and presence) zoning, smart Metering Copyright Faithful and Gould Building form and orientation, thermal performance, shading, daylight penetration
- 26. Michael Gove (Education)+ Vince Cable (Business) + George Osborne (Chancellor) + David Cameron (PM) Where is the Coalition going now? Guardian 13 Nov.2010
- 27. “Every hour thesun beams onto Earth more than enough energy to satisfy global energy needs for an entire year. Solar energy is the technology used to harness the sun's energy and make it usable. Today, the technology produces less than one tenth of one percent of global energy demand” National Geographic
- 28. Michael Pawlyn ExplorationArchitecture – bio-mimicry used in Sahara Forest Project and World Water HQ inspired by the Namibian fog-basking beetle and ancient Persian ice-making technology to make a self-sufficient building
- 29. Conclusions from • Government to use its Edge Debate no 50 procurement power to force 8th Oct 2012 the industry to change at BIS with TSB • Performance based specification (cf Olympics) • Public access to local data (incl all energy bills) • it’s the SME’s that innovate with some push and some pull • In construction, clients benefit from innovation not the innovators • Energy companies already won the means to produce an increase of more than 6 ºC
- 30. “Technology does havea vital “There must be a shift in focus role to play but, although from rhetoric to results-driven necessary, it is not sufficient… action….A strong driver for the reduce demand as well as transition to a sustainable focus on efficiency and develop economy is a green tax shift, renewable strategies to meet reducing taxes on income and our needs.” increasing taxes on pollution..” 2010 2011
- 32. Home and energy22%, Transport 14%, Food 21%, goods 13%, Services 7%, Government 8%, Capital Assets 15%
- 33. 90% of non-energy In UK and USA we throw away: minerals in UK are used • 50% salads for construction. • 53% bread 400m tonnes consumed • 25% fruit by UK construction every year • 20% vegetables 70m tonnes of construction and demolition waste go to landfill ….waste Each year 13m tonnes go straight to landfill… pure waste
- 34. We consume 240,000plastics bags every 10 seconds globally (Botticelli’s Birth of Venus) Source: ‘Running the numbers II’ by Chris Jordan Photography
- 36. Halve the demand, doublethe efficiency, halve the carbon in the supply…… The Children’s Plan Dec 2007
- 37. Ashley C ofE Primary School, Walton-on-Thames Inspired leadership (Head then Governors)…2 eco-monitors per class report week’s performance every Friday to Assembly (target <100kWh/day rewarded by £10 for special projects)…spread to parents who can win membership of 100 Club (target < 100kWh/week)…300watt computers replaced by 15watt laptops …. occasional carbon free Fridays…eco-driver display unit in lobby…51% reduction in electricity use in year 1 …91% in year 3… Ashley won a 2009 Ashden Award
- 38. St Luke’s Cof E Primary School, Wolverhampton - opened 6/09 Architype Architects Inspired leadership; 2 eco-monitors per class in School Council - ‘eco- driver’; orientation excellent; BREEAM Excellent; biomass boiler; ‘A’ EPC; but it would need £300k PVs to be Zero Carbon: won Sorrell School Award
- 39. Whole System Design Power Generation Building Services electricity Building heat Amory B. Lovins Rocky Mountain Institute Starting downstream multiplies savings by about tenfold upstream—yet this design principle is almost never taught Rocky Mountain Intitute Factor Ten Engineering
- 40. How to achievean 80% cut in the carbon impact of the built environment The multiplier effect Power Generation Halve the Carbon Intensity Building Services Double the efficiency Building Halve the demand
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- 46. Installation by AeneasWilder
- 47. Edward Cullinan Architects– founded 1965 as a cooperative 2010 Building Magazine Architectural Practice of the Year 2010 Building Design Public Building Architect of the Year
- 48. Founded in 1956. •When Jose Maria Arizmendiarrieta arrived in 1941 there were 7,000 inhabitants • Currently the 7th largest Spanish company • at end of 2011 it employed 83,869 people in 256 companies • The cooperatives are owned by their worker members
- 49. 1964 1997 2010 2010
- 50. International Manufacturing Centre,1992-2002 University of Warwick has >22,000 students
- 51. International Manufacturing Centre, Universityof Warwick – value • 1992-2002, built in 3 phases • 10,700m² • Phase 3 value management • Movement for Innovation case study • key support for West Midlands future manufacturing strategy
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- 60. DQI review ofIDL as part of briefing for International Institute for Product and Services Innovation 12.02.10
- 64. Carbon Buzz report+ Hoare Lea POE using Usable Buildings Trust methodology
- 66. DQI mid-design reviewof International Institute for Services and Product Innovation 15.06.11
- 68. Cullinans’ research engagement includes: •2000- Design Quality Indicator with CIC + David Gann - ODPM • 2002 – Probe study on Cambridge CMS with UBT • 2004- Soft Landings Project with EMBS, Cambridge >BSRIA • 2005 - ‘Spreading the word’ with David Bartholomew DTI • 2006 - Visual Representations as ‘Artifacts of Knowing’ with Boris Ewenstein and Jennifer Whyte (Imperial) - ESRC • 2007-11 - ISSUES with Guthrie + Jowitt - EPSRC • 2008- ‘Stickyworld’ with Michael Kohn - TSB • 2008– CALEBRE led by Loughborough – RCUK + E.ON • 2010 - POE with Hoare Lea • 2010- ‘User participation in healthcare design’ with Warwick - EPSRC •2012 – funding confirmed for TSB’s ‘Rethinking the Build Process’ with Hyde HA and Warwick
- 69. Photo: Bill Bordass •last PROBE study of Cambridge Centre for Mathematical Sciences 2002 showed it in top 10 percentile: http://www.usablebuildings.co.uk/ • Retested and published by BSRIA 12/2006
- 70. Edge meeting withEPSRC, ESRC, TSB 6/11
- 71. The Edge isthe only interdisciplinary construction industry think-tank • www.edgedebate.com • Founded 1996 • ICE + RIBA, CIBSE, RICS, IStructE…. • Supported by Arup Foundation, Carbon Trust, CIC, CABE, Canada House, Italian + Danish Embassies • Holds debates by invitation only • Promotes carbon measurement through the edge pledge http://www.edgedebate.com/?page_id=474 • Published Edge Futures • Lobbies Government
- 72. Edge current programmeincludes: • influencing Green Construction Board • engaging research community with practice • the role of women in construction (ref. Davies Report) • procurement: lessons from the recent past with DC CABE • education for inter-disciplinary practice • smart cities conference with Italian, Danish and Dutch embassies
- 73. BASF house withrehau – CSH 4 Tarmac Zedfactory semis – CSH4 + CSH6 E.ON ’30s semi – original>CERT>CSH3>CSH6eq. wrap up
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- 77. If we buildnew houses at the rate we are building them it would take 236 years to replace the existing stock. The USA declared Independence 236 years ago (thanks to David Birkbeck) • 80% of the homes we will be living in in 2050 already exist • Climate Change Act 2011 – 34% reduction by 2020 + 80% by 2050 • Our homes are responsible for 40% carbon (and other) emissions • How will we reduce our footprint by 80%?
- 78. Technology Strategy Board Retrofit for the Future Programme Phase 1 – 194 Design and feasibility studies ↑ Croydon – 94% reduction in energy ↓ North Devon Homes – first passivhaus retrofit Phase 2 - £17m for 86 social housing projects aiming at 80% reduction in emissions • 17 kg/m2 (SAP) • 20 kg/m2 (Passivhaus) See http://www.retrofitforthefuture.org Low Energy Building Database
- 79. TSB exemplar inBertram Street, N. Camden by United House + Parity Projects (Russell Smith) monitoring
- 81. Mayville Community CentreN16 by Bere Architects is the first certified Passivhaus non-domestic retrofit in the UK and uses 90% less energy
- 82. Some issues: • Planning– conservation of buildings rather than energy • Building physics and our general ignorance • Lack of appropriate design and building skills • Absence of controls designed for people to use • Financial incentives – Green Deal RIP? • Us – ie the hassle • Us – our values and behaviour – re-bound and pre-bound • where is the collective energy?
- 87. May 09 TransitionHighbury workshop at Drayton Park Ecology Centre
- 88. Outside the PoliceStation at the Incredible Edible Todmorden
- 91. Low Carbon Communities- DECC • £10m for • 22 test-bed communities • Phase 1 projects > 3/10 • Phase 2 projects > 3/11 • Evaluation by OPM 7/12 White Architects at Whitehill Bordon 11 Jan 12
- 92. OPM Review ofLow Carbon Communities for DECC 7/12: • demonstrated the huge potential of community groups • included a range of organisations from well established to new who needed a model to follow • Sharing knowledge is good but trips to London and DECC’s e-portal poor (cf CABE shared learning programmes) • schools are key to spreading the word especially into minority ethnic communities
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- 102. CABE (1999-2010) killed‘by accident’ by Jeremy Hunt. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110118095356/http://www.cabe.org.uk/archive Merged with Design Council 2011 http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110118095356/http:/www.cabe.org.uk/
- 103. Daily Mail writeson 27 June 2008: Meanwhile… Swaffham has two 1.5MW “Under £100billion plans unveiled turbines (66m diam), the by Gordon Brown, at least 4,000 second by popular wind turbines will go up in some demand despite objections of the UK's most beautiful scenery, from RAF; now there are 8 while another 3,000 will be built at sea.” more on the south side Stirling Castle (through a telephoto lens) Swaffham in Norfolk
- 104. It has beenestimated that Cambridge University needs: 23 x 2MW turbines (70m diam. blades) and another (say) 8 for the colleges So why not plant them along the M11? or put them in the pylons? 40k pylons with 8 turbines each would power 640,000 homes with a 4 year pay-back
- 105. The Danish islandSamso has 4500 Westmill Wind Farm Coop in inhabitants and is 100% powered by South Oxfordshire built five wind with 21 turbines owned by the 1.3 MW turbines in 2008 islanders
- 106. Letchworth established 1903by Ebenezer Howard – pop. 33,600
- 109. • 180 kmof Mediterranean coastline in eastern Libya • Covers some 5,500 square kilometres • Home to some 250,000 people
- 122. • Buildings are 40% of the problem • New buildings are easy but the existing are more important • Focus on measurement and inter-disciplinary working • Its behaviour change and design (‘Halve the demand….’) • it’s challenging but really exciting?
Editor's Notes
- #110 ECOU Ramboll Whitbybird Edward Cullinan Architects Royal Botanical Gardens Edinburgh McAlister Elliott and Partners AA International Tourism consultant tbc (Locum or Ramboll Management, Brussels) Paul Bennett – Canterbury Archaeological Trust and Socirty for Libyan Studies (he is now ‘Council Member’ rather than ‘Chairman’) Linda Hulin – Oxford University Dr Stephen Jury – Reading University University of Nottingham – regional links to Omar Mukhtar University and others