Download as PDF, PPTX
Uploaded byYamini Shah
Role of pharmacist in Community pharmacy and public health practice in India: past, present and future.pdf
The document outlines the role of pharmacists in community pharmacy and public health in India, emphasizing their importance in promoting healthy lifestyles and managing medications. It discusses the organization of community health centers and the pharmacy workforce, highlighting pharmacists' contributions in monitoring adverse drug reactions and their responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it presents the Employees' State Insurance scheme and its medical benefits for workers, including access to various treatments and specialist consultations.
More Related Content
Similar to Role of pharmacist in Community pharmacy and public health practice in India: past, present and future.pdf
Role of pharmacist in Community pharmacy and public health practice in India: past, present and future.pdf
- 1. Role of pharmacistin Community pharmacy and public health practice in India : past, present and future. • Prepared by Aelish S. Bhuva B.Pharm L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahemdabad. Guided by Dr. Yamini D. Shah (Head of department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology)
- 2. Contents 1. Rationale 2. Introduction 3.Community health center and Community Pharmacist 4. Organization of CHC and PHC in India and US 5. Role of Pharmacist in active monitoring of adverse drug reactions in Community pharmacy in the US and UK 6. The Role of Hospital and Community Pharmacist in the management of COVID-19 7. Employees’ State Insurance (ESI) scheme 8. References
- 3. Rationale • The knowledge,skills and expertise of a pharmacist enable them to support the public health care by promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing long-term illness and by guiding patients to better manage their medicines. • A community pharmacist strengthens the public health system in a broad perspective. • To improve health, patient care and medication-related outcomes through education, clinical practice and research. • To ensure the safety and efficacy of medications which are prescribed by medical practitioner.
- 4. Introduction • India -One of the most developing country, 1.1 billion population. • As per 2020, Urban – 34.93 % , Rural – 67.07 % • Poverty level – 28 %, Educated males – 69.3 % & females – 59.8 % • Health management is major responsibility of all and government. • Government – building a community health by CHC (community health center) • Public health can be defined as “the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities and individuals” • Public health – treating and preventing diseases and including Mental, spiritual, and physical health
- 5. Community health centerand Community Pharmacist • What is Community health center ? A healthcare center, health center, or community health center is one of a network of clinics staffed by a group of general practitioners and nurses providing healthcare services to people in a certain area. ... In countries with universal healthcare, most people use the healthcare centers. • Community health center is not for profit, consumer directed healthcare organization, that provides access to high quality, affordable, and comprehensive primary and preventive, medical, dental and mental health care. • WHO defines community health as:-Environmental, social and economic resources to sustain emotional and physical well being among people in ways that advance their aspirations and satisfy their needs in their unique environments.
- 6. • Pharmacist asan Active educationist • Pharmacist detects medication errors : Various medication errors can be prevented by pharmacists. • Pharmacists in national TB program : Systematically guiding them in taking up anti-TB medications. • Impact of pharma on public health management : • PHC & CHC : Management of public health at micro and macro level respectively. • PHC : first contact between village community and medical officer. & for 20000 to 30000 people • CHC : four medical specialist e.g. Surgeon, physician, gynecologist, and Pediatrician & for every four PHCs covering a population of 80,000 to 1.2 lakh. Similarities and difference in work of pharmacist in Public Health Center and Community Health Center Public health mainly focuses particularly on scientific processes of treating or preventing all type of diseases, while community health mainly focuses on the overall contributors to a population’s physical and mental health.
- 7. Organization of CHCand PHC in India T.B.A. V.H.G. : Traditional Birth attendants (Traditional midwives) Sub center : PHC : Primary health center CHC : Community health center
- 8. Organization of PHC& CHC in US • Primary Care Technician : • Pharmacist : • Community health workers : • Emergency medical technician : • Medical Assistant : • Social worker : • Registered Nurses : • Patient navigator : • Physician Assistants : • Dentists : • Mental professionals : - -
- 9. Role of Pharmacistin active monitoring of adverse drug reactions in Community pharmacy in the US and UK : • North America, Australia and Europe – Approx 50 % medicines inclusive of herbs, vitamins, minerals, other supplements also known as natural health products(NHPS). • India and other developing countries of Africa – Traditional medicines (90 % of them - plant based and rest minerals, glandular and such other combination based. • NHPs generally safe in public, but contrary – when used with – allopathic medications. (Potential drug – drug interaction in patients having chronic or recurrent illness). • Research carried out about adverse events of NHPs with allopathic than NHPs alone. • In US, Canada, UK, Australia & Germany – system of reporting post-marketing adverse drug reaction(ADR) related to medicinal products are in the form of voluntary spontaneous reporting.
- 10. • Voluntary reportingof adverse events is generally done by health care person therefore estimate is even <1% & reasons are : • Patient don’t realize to report with NHPs in comparision with OTC medications. • Secondly, patients may not connect NHPs in comparison with causing harms or may not find NHP- related AES significant enough for reporting – this generally done by Pharmacist, Physician do not this due to lake of time. • Another way of identifying ADRs are reporting actively through a continuous process in an organized manner – form of collection AD reactions data following prescription medicine use even collecting, harmful or unimagined adverse reaction which may not be related to the use of a drug therefore results in better quality data • Two research studies were arranged – one at a primary care setting – specialization in complementary and alternative medicine • Second one is associated with prescription medications found that detection of adverse drug events reported in patients through active observation and monitoring – higher in comparison to those reported without planning or incidentally for in-patients and out-patients in a hospital setting • Some forms of active monitoring ADRs – population-based administrative databases, e.g. 1. British Columbia’s Pharma net database 2. UK General Practice Research Database
- 11. Screening Questions 1. Areyou currently using NHPs such as herbs, vitamins or other supplements, or have you used such products in the previous 3 months? (If NO, no additional questions. If YES, proceed to #2). 2. Have you taken a prescription medication while also taking a NHP in the previous 3 months? (If NO, no additional questions. If YES, proceed to #3). 3. Have you experienced any unexpected or undesirable effects during the last 3 months? (If NO, no additional questions. If YES, proceed to #4). 4. Would you agree to be contacted by a pharmacist from our coordinating center to conduct a telephone interview? (If NO, no additional questions. If YES, provide study information sheet and document patient’s name, phone number, best time to call and patient’s signature)
- 12. Pharmacy Participants Concurrent use Concurrent use ON01439 174 39.6% ON02 189 67 35.5% ON03 502 232 46.2% ON04 249 132 53.0% ON05 340 72 21.2% ON06 137 44 32.1% ON07 11 4 36.4% ON08a 25 7 28.0% ON08b 168 74 44.1% ON09 211 60 28.4% ON10 344 171 49.7% Total 2615 1037 39.7% Pharmacy Concurrent Use (ni) Adverse Events (ci) Adverse Events (pi) ON01 174 10 5.8% ON02 67 1 1.5% ON03 232 16 6.9% ON04 132 6 4.6% ON05 72 0 0.0% ON06 44 1 2.3% ON07 4 0 0.0% ON08a 7 1 14.3% ON08b 74 10 13.5% ON09 60 11 18.3% ON10 171 21 12.3% Total 1037 77 7.4% Proportion of concurrent use of NHP and prescription medication by pharmacy. Proportion with adverse events for those concurrently taking NHP and prescription medication (MED) by pharmacy.
- 13. The Role ofHospital and Community Pharmacist in the management of COVID-19 • In december, 2019 COVID – 19 was identified from Wuhan city, China and it was spreaded globally. • Pathogen responsible for COVID – 19 : “Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus type 2” (SARS-CoV-2)
- 14. Possible Roles, Responsibilitiesand Duties of Pharmacists In Canada (Yes / No) In India (Yes / No) Pharmacists as experts in drugs and medicines (products-based, patient-facing role) Healthcare provider and caregiver (client-/patient-centered; services-based role) Educator and counselor Mentor Manager Leader, business/services developer Researcher/scholar Health-related actor and stakeholder Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partly No Yes Yes Yes Yes Roles, responsibilities and duties of hospital and community pharmacists as evolved throughout the story.
- 15. The role ofHospital and Community Pharmacists during COVID-19 crisis: Refunding and Investing Skills and Responsibilities : Roles of Pharmacists During the COVID-19 Crisis In Canada (Yes / No) In India (Yes / No) Ensure a stable supply, storage, distribution and prescription of drugs, guaranteeing continuity-of-care Yes Yes Ensuring medicines refilling and renewal, especially to vulnerable groups and chronically ill patients Yes Yes Ensure a stable supply of alcohol-based hand sanitizers and personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and face and surgical masks Yes Yes Enhance and improve pharmacy services, also from remote (tele- pharmacy and tele-health consulting) Yes No Serve as an information hub, provide clients with updated, high- quality information about COVID-19 Yes No
- 16. Educate clients aboutpersonal and environmental hygiene and good safety practices Yes Yes Counteract and combat misinformation concerning COVID-19 Yes No Risk assessment, screening, triage, detection, reporting, referral and management of potential COVID-19 cases Yes Yes Create a pharmacist network for sharing experiences Yes No Take part in drafting guidance, checklist, and guideline documents Yes No Take part in COVID-19 related risk assessment programs Yes No
- 17. Employees’ State Insurance(ESI) scheme • The ESI Corporation is committed to work for the welfare of workers and improvement in their quality of life and for providing all possible social security to them. ESI Scheme was introduced in the State of Gujarat on 04th October, 1964. The Scheme was made applicable to Ahmedabad city and its suburbs in first phase and was later on extended to most of the industrial centers such as Baroda, Surat, Rajkot, Jamnagar, Ankleshwar, etc. • Information benefits : 1. Medical benefit : Full medical care is provided to an Insured person and his family members from the day he enters insurable employment. There is no ceiling on expenditure on the treatment of an Insured Person or his family member. • System of treatment : Generally, the allopathic system of medicine is used for providing Medical Benefit. However, where a substantial number of. workers demand treatment by Indian system of medicine and Homoeopathy (ISM & H) other than Allopathy and where the State Government has recognised the qualifications in such system, treatment facilities may be provided under the ISM & H as well. The various ISM &H systems of treatment in vogue are:, Ayurvedic, Unani, Sidha, Yoga therapy and Homeopathy 2. Specialists Consultation : The standard of Medical Care under the E.S.I. Scheme provides for specialist consultation to IP in all cases and to members of their families in areas with "Expanded" and "Full" Medical Care. General medicine, General Surgery, Paediatrics, Pathology, Eye, skin and STDs, Ear nose and throat infection, Obstetrics and Gynaecology etc …
- 18. 3. In Patientstreatment : Under the E.S.I. Scheme, IPs in all areas and their family members in areas with "Full" medical care facility are entitled to hospitalisation. Drugs and dressings : All drugs and dressings (including vaccines and sera) that may be considered necessary and generally in accordance with the E.S.I.C drug formulary are supplied free of charge. There are two parts in E.S.I.C Drug Formulary, 1998 as follows:- Part I : List of medicines for emergency kit for • Dispensary • Hospital Part II : List of medicines to be supplied by dispensaries in Service Areas or by approved chemists or depots on prescription in panel aareas. 4. Sickness benefits • Extended sickness benefits • Enhanced sickness benefits 5. Maternity benefits 6. Disablement benefits • Extended sickness benefits • Enhanced sickness benefits Rajiv Gandhi Shramik Kalyan Yojana : Atal Beemit Vyakti Kalyan Yojana (ABVKY) :
- 19. References • National Portalof India. http://india.gov.in/ (accessed 3 Mar 2009). • https://online.ahu.edu/blog/ • Role of pharmacists in public health managementDr PK Sahoo, Bhumika Kumar, Ashwini Kumar Mishra & Monika Targhotra, Pharmabiz. • Study of Natural Health Product Adverse Reactions (SONAR): Active Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Concurrent Natural Health Product and Prescription Drug Use in Community Pharmacies, Sunita Vohra, Kosta Cvijovic, Heather Boon, PLOS. • The Role of Hospital and Community Pharmacists in the Management of COVID-19: Towards an Expanded Definition of the Roles, Responsibilities, and Duties of the Pharmacist Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Muhammad Mansour, MDPI. • https://www.esic.nic.in/information-benefits
- 20. Thank you For yourCo-operation