Routing protocols
- 2. ROUTING PROTOCOLS • Routing protocols are the set of rules used by the routers to communicate between source & destination. They do not move the information source to destination only update the routing table. • Each protocol has its own algorithm to choose the best path. • The metrics by routing protocols:- • Number of network layer devices along with the path (hop count) • Bandwidth • Delay • Load
- 3. TYPES OF ROUTING PROTOCOL DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL STATIC ROUTING PROTOCOL OSPF EIGRP RIP RIPV2 LINK STATE DISTANCE VECTOR RIPV1 TYPES OF ROUTING PROTOCOL STATIC ROUTING PROTOCOL OSPF EIGRP LINK STATE DISTANCE VECTOR RIPV1 DEFAULT ROUTING PROTOCOL
- 4. STATIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS • Static routing ,when an administrator manually assigns the path from source to destination network. This is feasible in small networks, but not in large networks. Advantages:- – No overhead on router CPU. – No bandwidth usage between links. – Security (only administrator add routes.) Disadvantages:- – All link will be down on a link failure. – Not practical on large networks. – Administrator must update all routes.
- 6. DEFAULT ROUTING PROTOCOLS • Default Route is the network route used by a router when there is no other known route exists for a given IP datagram’s destination address. All the IP datagrams with unknown destination address are sent to the default route. Advantages:- – No overhead on router CPU. – No bandwidth usage between links. – Security (only administrator add routes.) Disadvantages:- – All link will be down on a link failure. – Not practical on large networks. – Administrator must update all routes.
- 8. DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS • Dynamic routing is the process in which routing tables are automatically updates by routing table of each neighbor. – Dynamically discover & maintains routes. – Calculate routes Advantages – Less work in maintaining the configuration when adding & deleting networks. – Protocols automatically react to the topology changes. – Configuration is less-prone. Disadvantages – Routers resource are used. – More administrator knowledge is required for configuration
- 9. DV and LS
- 10. RIP • It allows routers to exchange their routing tables at a predefined interval. • It is a distance-vector routing protocol which employs the hop count as a routing metric. • It transmitted updates in every 30 seconds. CHARACTERISTICS: - Uses hop count metric Supports 15 hop-count limit AD value is 120. Supports classful networks.
- 11. CONFIGURATION
- 12. RIPv2 o It is a Extended version of RIP routing protocol. o Maximum hop count is 15. o Supports small network o Supports classless network. o Supports VLSM/CIDR. o Supports Auto-Summarization. o Route updates after 30 sec. o It supports Key-authentication.
- 13. CONFIGURATION
- 14. RIPng • RIPng is works basically the same way as RIP but has some differences from RIP to support IPv6 address format. • RIPng sends an update to its connected routers after every 30 seconds. CHARACTERISTICS: - Uses hop count metric Supports classful networks. Multicast address is FF02::9
- 15. CONFIGURATION
- 16. EIGRP • It’s supports the features both distance vector & link state protocol. • It is a cisco proprietary protocol. • By default, bandwidth & delay are the activated metrics. CHARACTERISTICS: - Uses DUAL algorithm. Supports classless network Supports VLSM/CIDR. It supports trigger updates.
- 17. CONFIGURATION
- 18. EIGRPv6 • It’s support IPv6. • It is a cisco proprietary protocol. • By default, bandwidth & delay are the activated metrics. CHARACTERISTICS: - Uses DUAL algorithm. Supports classless network Supports VLSM/CIDR. It supports trigger updates.
- 19. CONFIGURATION
- 20. OSPF • The large network can be broken into the small areas so the router in one area know less topology and they don’t have information about other areas routers. Creating OSPF areas result in smaller database which reduce the memory consumption and processing. • OSPF maintains a two layer hierarchy consisting of: - Backbone area (area 0) -Off backbone area (areas1- 65,535) • CHARACTERISTICS: – AD value is 110. – Supports classless network. – Supports VLSM/CIDR & has unlimited hop counts – Supports hierarchical network. – Route propagation using multicasting.
- 21. CONFIGURATION
- 22. Routing Protocols Comparison Name Class Type AD Metric IP classes Algorithm Scalability RIP v1 Distance Vector IGP 120 Hop count Classful Bellman-Ford Small RIP v2 Distance Vector IGP 120 Hop count Classless Bellman-Ford Small OSPF Link State IGP 110 Cost Classless Dijkstra(SPF) Large IGRP Distance Vector IGP 100 Composite (BW + DLY) Classful Dijkstra(SPF) Medium EIGRP (Advance Distance Vector) IGP 90 Composite (BW + DLY) Classless DUAL Large
- 23. P l e a s e g i v e y o u r s u g g e s t i o n s a n d f e e d b a c k s O r A n y q u e s t i o n ?
- 24. THANK YOU