Sampling Design (Kurkure Pakistan)

Sampling Design (Kurkure Pakistan)

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  1 | Pa g e ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY Course Business ResearchMethods Code (8510) Semester Spring, 2015 Level MBA Marketing (3½ Years) Tutor Miss Aysha Gulzar Name waQas ilYas Roll # BA 582702 Assignment # 02 Topic = Sampling Design
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  2 | Pa g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All gratitude and thanks to almighty “ALLAH” the gracious, the most merciful and beneficent who gave me courage to undertake and complete this task. I am very much obliged to my ever caring and loving parents whose prayers have enabled to reach this stage. I am grateful to almighty ALLAH who made me able to complete the work presented in this report. It is due to HIS unending mercy that this work moved towards success. I am highly indebted to my course instructor for providing me an opportunity to learn about the “which is vital ingredient” of MBA program. I am very grateful to my teacher (Miss Aysha Gulzar) for providing me guideline for the completion of this report. I feel great pride and pleasure on the accomplishment of this report.
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  3 | Pa g e ABSTRACT This report is the Practical part of the most vital practice of our MBA-Marketing program. The sole objective of my activity is to familiarize with the practical manipulation of business organization. This report has been written to know how big organizations like Kurkure Pakistan manage their teams to achieve their common goals. In the first phase of the report there is the general introduction about the company and then different terms have been explained, then the mission, values, different services and different strategies of the organization have been explained. In the next part, SWOT analysis of the firm have been done by the help of which it is identified that what are the strong areas of the company and where it lacks so that it can improve, and then in the end most important my experience while visiting in the Kurkure Pakistan.
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  4 | Pa g e DEDICATION This report is dedicated to the greatest man in the world that shows us the right path. Who is the great patron of the mankind that is Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). I would also like to dedicate this small effort of extract to my Parents and Teachers. They have always been a shining star to look upon, to give light and to show me the directions whenever I am lost. May Allah give them more strength and long life to guide me Forever. Ameen!
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  5 | Pa g e Table of Contents Introduction of Topic 06 Practical Review of Company 10 Vision Statement 12 Mission Statement 12 Application of Topic 12 SWOT Analysis 13 Conclusion 15 Recommendations 15 References 15
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  6 | Pa g e Introduction of Topic: Sampling Design Sample designs for household surveys in developing and transition countries have many common features. Most of the surveys are based on multistage stratified area probability sample designs. These designs are used primarily for frame development and for clustering interviews in order to reduce cost. Sample selection is usuallycarriedout within strata. The units selected at the first stage, referred to in the survey sampling literature as primary sampling units (PSUs), are frequently constructed from enumeration areas identified and used in a preceding national population and housing census. These could be wards in urban areas or villages in rural areas. In some countries, candidates for PSUs include census supervisor areas or administrative districts or subdivisions thereof. The units selected within each selected PSU are referred to as second- stage units, units selected at the third stage are referred to as the third- stage units, and so on. For households in developing and transition countries, second-stage units are typically dwelling units or households, and units selected at the third stage are usually persons. In general, the units selected at the last stage in a multistage design are referred to as the ultimate sampling units. Definition:
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  7 | Pa g e When conductingresearch, it is almost always impossible to study the entire population that you are interestedin. For example, if you were studying political views among college students in the Pakistan, it would be nearlyimpossible to survey every single college student across the country. If you were to survey the entire population, it wouldbe extremelytimely and costly. As a result, researchers use samples as a way to gather data. A sample is a subset of the population beingstudied. It represents the larger population and is used to draw inferences about that population. It is a research technique widelyused in the social sciences as a waytogather information abouta populationwithouthaving to measure the entire population. There are several different types and ways of choosinga sample from a population, from simple to complex. NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique where the samples are gatheredin a process that does not give all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected. Reliance on Available Subjects Relying on available subjects, such as stopping people on a street corner as they pass by is one method of sampling, although it is extremely risky and comes with many cautions. This method, sometimes referredto as a convenience sample, does not allow the researcher to have any control over the representativeness of the sample. It is only justifiedif the researcher wants to study the characteristics of people passing by the street corner at a certain point in time or if other sampling methods are not possible. The researcher must also take caution to not use results from a convenience sample to generalize to a wider population.
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  8 | Pa g e Purposive or Judgmental Sample A purposive, or judgmental, sample is one that is selected based on the knowledge of a population andthe purpose of the study. For example, if a researcher is studying the nature of school spirit as exhibited at a school pep rally, he or she might interview people who did not appear to be caughtup in the emotions of the crowdor students who did not attend the rally at all. In this case, the researcher is using a purposive sample because those being interviewed fit a specific purpose or description. Snowball Sample A snowball sample is appropriate to use in research when the members of a population are difficult to locate, such as homeless individuals, migrant workers, or undocumented immigrants. A snowball sample is one in which the researcher collects data on the few members of the target population he or she can locate, then asks those individuals to provide information needed to locate other members of that population whom they know. For example, if a researcher wishes to interview undocumented immigrants from Pakistan, he or she might interview a few undocumented individuals that he or she knows or can locate and would then rely on those subjects to help locate more undocumentedindividuals. This process continues until the researcher has all the interviews he or she needs or until all contacts have been exhausted. Quota Sample A quota sample is one in which units are selected into a sample on the basis of pre-specified characteristics so that the total sample has the same distribution of characteristics assumed to exist in the population being studied. For example, if you a researcher conducting a national quota sample, you might needto know what proportion of the population is male and whatproportion is female as well as what proportions of each gender fall into different age categories, race or ethnic categories, educational categories, etc. The researcher would then collect a sample with the same proportions as the national population.
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  9 | Pa g e PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES Probabilitysamplingis a samplingtechnique where the samples are gatheredin a process that gives all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected. Simple Random Sample The simple random sample is the basic sampling method assumed in statistical methods and computations. To collect a simple random sample, each unit of the target population is assigneda number. A set of random numbers is then generated and the units having those numbers are included in the sample. For example, let’s say you have a population of 1,000 people and you wish to choose a simple random sample of 50 people. First, each person is numbered 1 through 1,000. Then, you generate a list of 50 randomnumbers (typicallywith a computer program) and those individuals assignedthose numbers are the ones you include in the sample. Systematic Sample In a systematic sample, the elements of the population are put into a list and then every kth element in the list is chosen (systematically) for inclusion in the sample. For example, if the population of study contained 2,000 students at a high school and the researcher wanted a sample of 100 students, the students wouldbe put into list formand then every 20th student would be selected for inclusion in the sample. To ensure against any possible human bias in this method, the researcher shouldselect the first individual at random. This is technically called a systematic sample with a random start. Stratified Sample A stratified sample is a sampling technique in which the researcher divided the entire target population into different subgroups, or strata, and then randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the different strata. This type of sampling is used when the researcher wants to highlight specific subgroups within the population. For example, to obtain a stratifiedsample of universitystudents, the researcher wouldfirst organize the population by college class and then select appropriate
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  10 | Pa g e numbers of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. This ensures that the researcher has adequate amounts of subjects from each class in the final sample. Cluster Sample Cluster sampling may be used when it is either impossible or impractical tocompile an exhaustive listof the elements that make up the target population. Usually, however, the population elements are already grouped into subpopulations and lists of those subpopulations already exist or can be created. For example, let’s say the target population in a study was Gourmet Bakery staff in the Pakistan. There is no list of all gourmetbakery staff in the country. The researcher could, however, create a list of gourmet bakery outlets in the Pakistan, choose a sample of bakeries, and then obtain lists of members from those bakeries. Practical study Kurkure Pakistan
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  11 | Pa g e Kurkure is a brand of corn puffs, developed and produced by PepsiCo India, the Indian division of PepsiCo. Named after the Hindi and Urdu word for "crunchy", the snack was developedentirely in India. It was launchedin 1999 and has its automated plants at Channo (Punjab), Kolkata, Assam and Pune. Ingredients Kurkure is made from rice, corn, chickpea flour, salt, vegetable oil and spices. Flavours Kurkure is available in the followingflavours:  Masala Munch (spicy)  Green Chutneyyes  Chilli Chatka  Tamatar Hyderabadi Style  Malabar Masala Style  Masala Twists (Solid Masti)  Desi Beats  Naughty Tomatoes  Puffcorn (YummyCheese)  Monster Paws  Hyderabadi Hungama  Zig Zag  Puff Corn  Corn Cups  Solid Masti  Monster Smilees  Butter Masti Marketing In 2004, Indian actor-celebrity Juhi Chawla was featuredin advertisements for Kurkure. In 2012, Parineeti Chopra , Kunal Kapoor,
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  12 | Pa g e Boman Irani, Ramya Krishnan, Farida Jalal, and Shivansh started to advertise Kurkure. It was also launchedin Pakistan in 2007, where it is manufacturedby, Pepsico Pakistan, the local division of PepsiCo. In November 2006, Frito- Lay announcedplans to release Kurkure to American markets sometime in 2007. This decision was made after analysts showedincreasinginterest in Indian spices in the USA. Also the introduction in other markets with a non-residentIndian population such as the UK. As of 2013, KurKure is available in Western Canada. As of 2014, KurKure is available in Eastern Canada. Vision of the Foundation We believe that business and society can thrive together. We are guided by Performance with Purpose: deliveringtop-tier results in a way that sustains and respects business, society and the planet. Mission of the Foundation We’re committed to achieving business and financial success while leavinga positive imprinton society – deliveringwhatwe call Performance with Purpose. Review of theoretical and practical situation with respect to topic To study the trends in snacks industry as a part of food processing industry.  To find out what percentage of population likes to eat snacks.  To find out what percentage of population likes to eat Kurkure.  To find out which flavour of Kurkure is most preferred.  To analyze the reason for the popularity of Kurkure as the most preferred snack.
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  13 | Pa g e  To know the satisfaction level of people who eat Kurkure.  To find out how much people spend on Kurkure snacks weekly. We went for a survey based on sampling method. Almost everyone likes Kurkure. Across Pakistan millions, yes millions of bags of Kurkure are sold every year. There is always an argument over which flavor, or which brand of Snacks is the best. Kurkure is reachingout with a new contest. The company says, “Pakistan is a land of food lovers, but what we love to eat is as distinct as the country itself. From Chinese sweet and sour chicken to Italian pizza and Indian curry, we’ve got an endless list of favorite foods, secret family recipes and standing take-out orders. It is exactly these kinds of flavor-packed dishes and food rituals that the Kurkure brand is inviting Pakistanis to use as their muse for creating the next great Snacks flavor idea”. Back by popular demand, Kurkure – Pakistan’s favorite brand – todayannouncedthe return of its Do Us a Flavor contest, which invites fans across the country to submit their flavor ideas to be the next great Snacks flavor. A national survey commissioned by the Kurkure brand, confirms a number of interesting flavors. Samplingmethodhelpeda lotto conducta surveyaboutthe popularity of Kurkure in Pakistan. Such statistical methods made such surveys ease because we can’t consider the whole population, so we take samples and draw the results for getting further improvements according to the taste of the people. SWOT Analysis Strength
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  14 | Pa g e  Our brand and reputation in our markets is strong. We are recognizedas being professional, reliable andquality-driven.  We have excellentemployees, who are well trained, customer oriented and efficient.  We have a relativelyflat organization (frombottom to top: 2 layers) which allows us to make quick decisions and be adaptable to changingmarket conditions.  We work on a continuous improvementoperatingmodel.  We capitalize on slow business periods by cross-training employees and taking employees out to meet customers which helps us to develop more capable employees and gives the organizationmore depth. Weaknesses  We are not the low-costor low-price supplier in the market.  We need to continuouslyimprove our productivity and efficiency to reduce cost.  We are committing to a Lean process that is enterprise-wide and that will help us improve our efficiencies.  We need to build stronger relationships with our Top 5 Customers.  Make our service commitments and if we fail, admit our mistake, apologize, and learn how to improve and not repeat mistakes!  Cost of re-investmentis high. Threats
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  15 | Pa g e  Industry strength or weakness: negative impact of technology/digital age and the adjustment needed within the industry.  Impact of global economy on local business.  Foreign currencyexchange rate variation: for example, the US/Canadian dollar exchangerate fluctuations can impact our business Opportunities  Technologychanges that drive new products and/or services expansion; look for low cost and high margin opportunities and ones that leverage our capabilities.  Opportunity for growth in under-representedgeographic markets.  Opportunity for growth in new locations; Conclusion & Recommendations Sometimes we cannot consider all population, all industry products or the items for which we want to get analysis then we choose a sample and draw the results. It has some shortcomings but on whole for big units’ analysis it would be a better choice. References:  www.pepsicoindia.co.in  www.facebook.com/KurkurePakistan  Personal observations  Wikipedia
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  16 | Pa g e  Relevant text book of AIOU  Teacher discussion