Sara Soueidan: Styling and Animating Scalable Vector Graphics with CSS [CSSConfUS2014]

Styling & Animating
Scalable Vector Graphics
with CSS
CSSConf - May 27th 2014, Florida
@SaraSoueidan / sarasoueidan.com

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an
XML-based vector image format for
two-dimensional graphics with support
for interactivity and animation.

Why SVGs?
➔ SVGs are accessible
➔ Scalable & Resolution Independent
➔ Very Good Browser Support
➔ Smaller sizes (can be gzipped)
➔ Built-in Graphics Effects (Blend Modes, Filters, etc.)
➔ Interactive and Styleable (CSS and Javascript)
➔ SVGs Have Tools

Creating SVGs
Adobe Illustrator Inkscape (Free) Sketch (Mac OS X only)

Optimize Exported Code (Standalone Tools)
http://goo.gl/0XvzHs
SVG Editor by Peter Collingridge
(Online)

Optimize Exported Code (Standalone Tools)
SVG O (NodeJS-Based + GUI)

Clean Up & Give Classes
bird.svg
Replace generic class names with semantic ones that describe your illustration.

SVG Presentation Attributes
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"
width="300px" height="300px" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<polygon
fill = "#FF931E"
stroke = "#ED1C24"
stroke-width = "5"
points = "279.1,160.8 195.2,193.3 174.4,280.8
117.6,211.1 27.9,218.3 76.7,142.7 42.1,59.6 129.1,82.7
197.4,24.1 202.3,114 "/>
</svg>
star.svg

Shared with CSS SVG-only
font
font-family
font-size
font-size-adjust
font-stretch
font-style
font-variant
font-weight
direction
letter-spacing
text-decoration
unincode-bidi
word-spacing
visibility
text-rendering
writing-mode
clip-path
mask opacity
filter
pointer-events
image-rendering
clip
color
cursor
display
overflow
clip-rule
flood-color
flood-opacity
stop-opacity
kerning
text-anchor
color-profile color-
rendering
fill
fill-opacity
fill-rule
marker
marker-end
marker-mid marker-
start
stroke
stroke-width
stroke-opacity
stroke-dasharray
stroke-dashoffset
stroke-linecap
stroke-linejoin
stroke-miterlimit
alignment-baseline
baseline-shift
shape-rendering
glyph-orientation-horizontal
glyph-orientation-vertical
color-interpolation
color-interpolation-filters
dominant-baseline
lighting-color
stop-color
enable-background
http://goo.gl/LVkev

Inline Styles (style=” ”)
style=”width: 300px; height: 300px;” viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<polygon
style = ”fill: #FF931E; stroke: #ED1C24; stroke-width:
5;”
points = "279.1,160.8 195.2,193.3 174.4,280.8
117.6,211.1 27.9,218.3 76.7,142.7 42.1,59.6 129.1,82.7
197.4,24.1 202.3,114 "/>
</svg>
star.svg

Embedded Styles (<style>) Inside svg
width="300px" height="300px" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<style type=”text/css”>
<![CDATA[
selector {/* styles */}
]]>
</style>
<g id=”..”> … </g>
</svg>
filename.svg

Embedded Styles (<style>) Outside svg
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <head> ... </head> <body>
<style type=”text/css”>
/* style rules */
</style>

<svg version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">

</svg>
</body> </html>
filename.html

External Style Sheets
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?><?xml-stylesheet
type="text/css" href="style.css"?>
width=".." height=".." viewBox="..">

</svg> filename.svg

Style Rules (Selectors)
Type Selectors:
g {/* style a group */}
circle, rect { fill: #009966; }
Class and ID Selectors:
.arrow-head { /* styles */ }
#bird { /* styles */ }
Dynamic Pseudo-Class Selectors:
.icon:hover, .icon:active, .icon:focus
{ /* styles */ }
Pseudo-Class Selectors:
:first-child, :last-child, :nth-*-
child(), :visited, :link and :lang,
:last-of-type, :first-of-type, :not(),
:nth-*-type(), :only-child, :only-of-
type, ...
Children Selectors:
g > circle {/* styles */}
Notes: Pseudo-elements/Generated Content don’t
work.

Style Cascades
http://goo.gl/QHFp6w
Presentation attributes count as low level “author stylesheets”
and are overridden by any other style definition (external
stylesheets, document stylesheets and inline styles).
<circle cx="100" cy="100" r="75"
fill="blue" style="fill:deepPink;" />

Example: Simple Hover Effect (Iconic)
Changing the stroke color and
stroke width. Fading background
in on hover.
http://goo.gl/Fofspo

http://goo.gl/oiYssv
1
<img src=”image.svg” alt=”Site Logo” />
2
<object type="image/svg+xml" data="image.svg">
<img src=”fallback.jpg”>
</object>
3 <embed type="image/svg+xml" src="image.svg" />
4
<iframe src="image.svg">

</iframe>
5 <svg> … </svg> <!-- XHTML/HTML5 Document -- >
6 #el { background-image: url(image.svg); }

SVG Embed Technique
Links, External Styles,
Interactivity, CSS Animations
<img src=”img.svg” alt=”” />
Nope*
<object type="image/svg+xml"
data="image.svg"></object> Yep
<embed type="image/svg+xml" src="image.svg" /> Yep
<iframe src="image.svg"></iframe>
Yep
Inline <svg> … </svg> Yep
background-image: url(image.svg); Nope*
* CSS animations won’t be played, but SVG (SMIL) animations will be preserved.
.

width=”300px height=”300px” >
.eye{fill:#8B6A62;}
.face{fill:#F6E6E5;}
.head{fill:#F7A591;}
/* ... */
</style>
<path class="body" d=”...”>

</svg>
owl.svg
Example

1. Remove Width & Height, Add viewBox
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="0
0 300 300">
/* ... */
</style>

</svg>
owl.svg

2. Preserve Aspect Ratio
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="0
0 300 300" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet">
/* ... */
</style>

</svg>
owl.svg
Note: Without viewBox, preserveAspectRatio has no effect.
http://goo.gl/b50HY8

3. Embed & Wrap in a container
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <head> ... </head>
<body>
<div class=”my-svg-container”>
<object type="image/svg+xml" data="owl.svg" class=”my-
svg”>

</object>
</div>
</body>
</html>
responsive-owl.html
SVG can be embedded as <object>, <img> or inline as an <svg>. The technique will work for all three embeds.

4. Padding Hack on Container
.my-svg-container {
height: 0;
position: relative; /* create positioning context for svg
*/
width: width-value;
padding-top: (SVG height / SVG width) * width-value;
}
responsive-owl.css
For owl.svg: padding-top = 300 / 300 * 100 = 1 * 100 = 100%;
If width of container = 60%: padding-top = 300 / 300 * 60 = 1 * 60 = 60%;
If owl.svg has width 250px, height 400px: padding-top = 400/250 * 100 = 1.6 * 100 = 160%;

4. Position SVG Inside Container
/* pull the svg to the top of the container */
.my-svg {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%; /* only required for <img /> */
}
responsive-owl.css

Initial transform-origin on HTML & SVG
Box Model?
transform-origin
(default value)
HTML elements (div, etc.) Yes 50% 50%*
SVG elements (circle, rect, etc.) No 0 0**
*50% 50% = center of the HTML element itself
** 0 0 is the top left corner of the SVG canvas, not the element itself

CSS Transforms on HTML & SVG
<!DOCTYPE html>
...
<div style=”width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: orange”>
</div>
<svg style=”width: 150px; height: 150px; background-color: #eee”>
<rect width="100" height="100" x="25" y="25" fill="orange" />
</svg>

Setting transform-origin on SVG Elements
1. Using Percentage Values: The value is set relative to the
element’s bounding box, which includes the stroke used to
draw its border.
2. Using absolute length values: The origin is set relative to the
SVG canvas.

CSS Transforms on HTML vs SVG (cont’d)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<style>
div, rect {
transform-origin: 50% 50%;
}
</style>

Heads up: Transform-Origin Issue In
Firefox With Percentage Values
Setting transform-origin using a percentage value currently
doesn’t work in Firefox. That is a bug. (It shouldn’t be a problem
if you’re not rotating anything.)
Setting it in absolute length values should be fairly simple using a graphics editor.

Example: PinWheel
PinWheel by http://pixeldoree.com/vector/free-vector-pinwheels-adobe-illustrator-and-png-files/
.wheel {
-webkit-transform-origin: 50% 50%;
transform-origin: 193px 164px;
animation:
spin 4s
cubic-bezier(.49,.05,.32,1.04)
infinite alternate;
}
@keyframes spin {
50% {
transform: rotate(360deg);
}
}

Zooming out (or in) in Webkit/Blink
does not maintain the transform
origin at the center of the rotating
element. This is a bug.
This issue does not happen in
Firefox, where the transform origin
is set in absolute values (relative to
the SVG canvas).
Heads up: Transform-Origin Issue In
Chrome With Percentage Values

→ Just use absolute values (for
the time being)!

Heads up: Hardware Acceleration In
Chrome
CSS 3D transforms are hardware accelerated in
Chrome when applied to HTML elements. However,
they are not accelerated when used on SVG elements -
they have the same performance profile as SVG
transform attributes. They are accelerated in Firefox.

Animated Line Drawing
To Animate an SVG path you need to know its exact length. Then:
#path {
stroke-dasharray: pathLength;
stroke-dashoffset: pathLength;
/* transition stroke-dashoffset */
transition: stroke-dashoffset 2s linear;
}
svg:hover #path{
stroke-dashoffset: 0;
}

Example
#cable {
stroke: #FFF2B1;
stroke-dasharray: 4000 4000;
stroke-width: 4;
transition: stroke-dashoffset 8s
linear;
}
svg:hover #cable {
}
/* turn lamp on */
.inner-lamp{
fill:grey;
transition: fill .5s ease-in 6s;
}
svg:hover .inner-lamp {
fill: #FBFFF8;
}
/* ... */
The animated path is positioned on top of the black
path. When SVG is hovered path is animated, and the
lamp is “turned on” after path finishes animation, using a
delay that is equal to the animation (transition) time of
the path.

Example 2
http://goo.gl/zII9p0

var path = document.querySelector('.drawing-
path');path.getTotalLength();
//set CSS properties up
path.style.strokeDasharray = length + ' ' + length;
path.style.strokeDashoffset = length;
//set transition up
path.style.transition = 'stroke-dashoffset 2s ease-in-
out';// animatepath.style.strokeDashoffset = '0';
//more: http://jakearchibald.com/2013/animated-line-drawing-svg/
Animated Line Drawing: Retrieving Path
Length Using Javascript

#RecommendedReading
http://jakearchibald.com/2013/animated-line-drawing-svg/

Animated Paths (Morphing Paths)
http://goo.gl/ri9nwU

Animated Paths (Morphing Paths)
The idea is to create a SVG with one path and to morph that
path into another one.
You’ll need: the first path, the second path, and possibly
intermediate paths (depending on your animation).
There is no way in CSS to animate
one SVG path into another.
http://goo.gl/93gFYh

http://snapsvg.io/
Use Snap.svg

“ By using animated SVGs instead of
GIFs we were able to reduce our page
size from 1.6 mb to 389 kb, and reduce
our page load time from 8.75 s to 412
ms. That’s a huge difference.”
Animated SVGs As GIFs Replacement
http://oak.is/thinking/animated-svgs/

Make SVGs Accessible
http://goo.gl/sG7G0j
#MustRead

Optimize & Degrade Gracefully
http://goo.gl/nhXtbu
#MustRead

http://caniuse.com/#
search=svg

Thank You!
@SaraSoueidan / sarasoueidan.com

Sara Soueidan: Styling and Animating Scalable Vector Graphics with CSS [CSSConfUS2014]

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