S'cool Agenda 2007/2008

S’ COOL AGENDA
2007/2008

Keep tracK of your daily
activities and homeworK and
help to fight discrimination, racism
and xenophobia by using this agenda!

The European Union has designated 2007 as the European Year of Equal Opportunities for All in
order to launch a major debate on the benefits of diversity for European societies. The Year will
also seek to make the people more aware of their rights to enjoy equal treatment and a life free of
discrimination.

The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) has devoted attention to the
European Year 2007 in order to raise awareness about racism and xenophobia through (1)
Meetings, (2) Cooperation with media, EU institutions, Inter-governmental organisations and
social partners (3) Information, educational and promotional activities and (4) Publications.

This school agenda has been produced by the FRA in the context of the 2007 European Year
of Equal Opportunities for All. Alina Cibea and Helen Fyfe contributed substantially to the
development of this pilot project.

For more information, please visit the FRA web site at http://fra.europa.eu/fra
and the 2007 European Year website at http://equality2007.europa.eu

me
myself & I
Name

Address

Telephone

Mobile

e-mail

Other Information

Calendar Wk M
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Calendar
January March
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1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wk M T W T F S S 9 1 2
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April
May
Wk M T W T F S S
14 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wk M T W T F S S

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15 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 18 1 2 3 4 June
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July 26 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
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Wk M T W T F S S
August
27 1 2 3 4 5 6 September
28 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Wk M T W T F S S
31 1 2 3 Wk M T W T F S S
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32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
33 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 37 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
31 28 29 30 31
34 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 38 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
35 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 39 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
40 29 30

October
Wk M T W T F S S November
40 1 2 3 4 5 Wk M T W T F S S December
41 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 44 1 2 Wk M T W T F S S
42 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 45 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 49 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
43 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 46 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 50 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
44 27 28 29 30 31 47 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 51 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
48 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 52 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1 29 30 31

Living in a diverse place like Europe means
having to interact with people with a wide
range of background and experiences.
This diversity is Europe’s asset – yet more
than two thirds of all Europeans believe that
discrimination is their everyday reality.
(Eurobarometer, Discrimination in the European Union)

How much do you know about
Inside this agenda you will find very
useful information:
• Commonly used words and their
meanings, with examples from real-life
• Core human/fundamental rights
instruments and intergovernmental
organisations
• Stories from the everyday life of
people in Europe
• A test to check the human rights
temperature in your school
• Tips for what to do to help fighting
discrimination in your society
• Questions to think about and discuss
with your friends
• Links to youth programmes
• Fact sheets on the European Union
and much more…

dis crimination,
racism and
p ba
xenoohooibia
xen ph
in Europe?
European legislation is
helping to ensure that
everyone has a right to be
treated equally, regardless
of their race, sex or ethnic
origin, religious beliefs,
disabilities, age or sexual
orientation. These laws aim
to stop discrimination in the
areas of daily life such as
education, employment and
housing.
(http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/index_en.htm)

According to Article 13 of the
Amsterdam Treaty, the EU
has the competence to take
appropriate action to combat
discrimination based on sex,
racial or ethnic origin, religion
or belief, disability, age or sexual
orientation.
(EU, Treaty of Amsterdam)

Discrimination
We can talk of discrimination when someone is treated badly because he or she is different.
• ere is a cause (for instance the ‘race’, gender, ethnic origin etc. of the person or group
Th
discriminated against)
• ere are actions that are qualified as discrimination (for instance rejection – not wanting
Th
to have a black person as a friend, restriction – prohibiting entrance of gay people to a
music club, exclusion – not hiring women etc.)
• ere are consequences, which can also be the purpose of the discriminatory action.

Th
Sometimes, the only way to tell whether there is discrimination is by looking at the effects
on groups of people.
(http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/index_en.htm)

Discrimination
More examples of discrimination:
is not always easy
- job advertisements that say “disabled people need
to spot! In the
not apply” or “foreigners not allowed”
following pages you
- calling people insulting names because of their
will find some of the
colour or their age or because of some physical or
different forms it
mental disability is discriminatory and degrading
can take.
(http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/
fundamental_rights/index_en.htm)

November
2007
MONDAY 12 TUESDAY 13 WEDNESDAY 14
316-49 317-48 318-47

ay
Dive rsity D
Event

“I think that everybody
is different and everybody
has the right to be different
– without exception, no matter
what the mentality, the colour
of skin or the religion is. But this
doesn’t mean that he or she must be a
second-class human being because of these
differences. May people be much more open-
minded to foreigners and their way of life,
that’s my wish!”
Rivka, 21, Germany

Week 46
November

THURSDAY 15 FRIDAY 16 S AT U R DAY 17
319-46 320-45 321-44

SUNDAY 18
322-43

November December
Wk M T
W T F S S Wk M T W T F S S
44 1 2 3 4 48 1 2
45 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 49 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
46 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 50 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
47 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 51 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
48 26 27 28 29 30 52 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 31

November
2007

v
323-42 324-41 325-40

Week 47
November

326-39 327-38 328-37

SUNDAY 25
329-36

November December
Wk M T
44 1 2 3 4 48 1 2
45 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 49 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
46 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 50 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
47 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 51 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
48 26 27 28 29 30 52 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 31

November
2007
330-35 331-34 332-33

Direct discrimination
Occurs when a person is treated worse than another in a comparable situation for
no other reason than their racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or
sexual orientation.
(http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/rights/gloss_en.htm)

Direct discrimination
Philip, 22, says
“I was refused
entry into a nightclub
because of
my skin colour.”

Everyone may be discriminated against on some
occasion or other. What could be the grounds
that you might be discriminated against?
Why does discrimination take place
and what forms does it take?

In Italy,
the owner
of a bar in
Verona was
found guilty
for unlawful
discrimination by the
Check out the European Union’s anti- Court of Cassation for
discrimination campaign at having refused to serve
www.stop-discrimination.info and the non-EU citizens coffee in
comic strip “What? Me? A racist?” at order to keep them away
http://ec.europa.eu/publications/young/ from his bar.
txt_whatme_racist_en.pdf (EUMC, 2006 Annual Report)

Indirect discrimination
Did you know
that 51% of the
people surveyed by
Eurobarometer think
that not enough effort is
being made in their country to fight
Indirect discrimination? (Eurobarometer,
Discrimination in the
discrimination European Union)
When a provision, criterion or
practice that seems neutral is
introduced, but it turns out that
it harms or excludes certain
categories of people. So it looks
like everyone is getting equal
treatment, but in fact this is
not really the case.

Indirect discrimination
can be unintentional.
(http://ec.europa.eu/
employment_social/fundamental_
rights/rights/gloss_en.htm)

Example of indirect
discrimination: when
an employer insists
that a candidate
should speak a
particular language,
yet that language is
not actually needed
for the job.

Week 48
December

333-32 334-31 335-30

SUNDAY 2
336-29

November December
Wk M T
44 1 2 3 4 48 1 2
45 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 49 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
46 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 50 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
47 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 51 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
48 26 27 28 29 30 52 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 31

December
2007
337-28 338-27 339-26

“My name is Stanislav, I’m half
Austrian and half Bosnian, and I
currently live in Austria. Once I’ve
successfully finished my studies in a
business college I started applying for
jobs with the same self-confidence as all
my class mates. Once a respected company
had a job offer for which I fulfilled all criteria. I
sent my file to them, but I didn’t get any answer. As I didn’t
want to let this job pass me by, I decided to insist, this time by
going personally to see the manager. On his table there were
two piles of papers – one with Austrian surnames and the
other only with foreign names. He told me the job had been
already filled, but I knew from my friends this was not
true because interviews were still undergoing.”
Stanislav, 24, Austria

Week 49
December

340-25 341-24 342-23

SUNDAY 9
343-22

December January
Wk M T
48 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
49 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
50 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
51 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 4 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
52 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 5 28 29 30 31
1 31

December
2007
344-21 345-20 346-19

Week 50
December

347-18 348-17 349-16

SUNDAY 16
350-15

December January
Wk M T
48 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
49 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
50 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
51 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 4 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
52 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 5 28 29 30 31
1 31

December 2007
351-14 352-13 353-12

c

2007 is the
European Year of Equal

2007
Opportunities for All
The European Parliament and the Council of the EU have
designated 2007 as ‘European Year of Equal Opportunities
for All’ as part of a concerted effort to promote equality
and non-discrimination in the EU.
(EP and Council of the EU, Decision No. 771/2006/EC)

Objectives
of the Year:
• ights – All people in the
R
European Union are entitled to equal
treatment, irrespective of their sex,
racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief,
disability, age or sexual orientation
• epresentation – Positive measures
R
are often needed to make sure those who are
discriminated against can participate more in society
• ecognition – we should be aware of the great benefits
R
there are from a diverse society – we can learn
from each other
• Respect – we must respect one another
and avoid using stereotypes
(http://equality2007.europa.eu)

Given the definitions and examples that
you have read, would you say that you
have found yourself in the situation of
being discriminated for any of the above
grounds? What about discriminating
Celebrating Diversity, Ensuring Equality
against someone else? If yes, can you
remember how many times it has
happened and what forms it has taken?

Visit the website of the Year of Equal
Opportunities for All:
http://equality2007.europa.eu

Find also

Know your
in this agenda a
more detailed list of
intergovernmental
organisations and
important international

Fundamental
human rights documents
relevant in
Europe!

Rights! What is the relationship between
this Convention and the Charter?
The European Union (EU) has always stated its
commitment to human rights and fundamental The European Convention is a text from
freedoms. This was recently confirmed with the the Council of Europe, which is made up
proclamation of the Charter of Fundamental of over 46 European countries, including
Rights in December 2000. Under six headings Russia. The Charter, on the other hand, is
- Dignity, Freedoms, Equality, Solidarity, a text from the European Union, which
Citizens’ Rights and Justice - its 54 articles set currently has 27 Member States.
out the European Union’s fundamental values The scope of the protection provided by
and the civil, political, economic and social these two texts is different. The Convention
rights of EU citizens. of the Council of Europe relates solely
(http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/index_ to civil and political rights, whilst the
en.htm) Charter of the European Union covers
additional aspects, such as the right to good
Moreover, all EU Member States are already administration, workers‘ social rights, and
signatories to the European Convention for the bioethics. In addition, the Charter covers
Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental those political rights of Union citizens that,
Liberties – agreed by the Council of Europe by definition, cannot be included in the
in 1950 and other International treaties and Convention of the Council of Europe.
conventions. (http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/index_
en.htm)

73% of the EU citizens want the EU Did you know
to play a greater role in promoting that starting with
and protecting fundamental rights in 2007 the European Union
Europe. has a new Agency for
(Eurobarometer, Role of the EU in Fundamental Rights based
Justice, Freedom and Security area) in Vienna that provides EU
institutions and Member States as well
as the general public with assistance in
What type of appropriate
accessing help and expertise related to
legislation exist in your country? fundamental rights? Check
How effective is it? http://fra.europa.eu

Week 51
December

354-11 355-10 356-9

SUNDAY 23
357-8

December January
Wk M T
48 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
49 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
50 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
51 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 4 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
52 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 5 28 29 30 31
1 31

December
2007
358-7 359-6 360-5

Week 52
December

361-4 362-3 363-2

SUNDAY 30
364-1

December January
Wk M T
48 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
49 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
50 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
51 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 4 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
52 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 5 28 29 30 31
1 31

January
2008
365-0 1-365 2-364

Week 01
January

3-363 4-362 5-361

SUNDAY 6

a
6-360

December January
Wk M T
48 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
49 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
50 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
51 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 4 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
52 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 5 28 29 30 31
1 31

January
2008
7-359 8-358 9-357

Racism and racial discrimination
Is a type of discrimination based on the beliefs that distinctive human
characteristics, abilities etc. are determined by ‘race’ and that there are
superior and inferior ‘races’. (CoE, COMPASS)

“Any doctrine of superiority based on racial differentiation is scientifically
false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous, and there is no
justification for racial discrimination, in theory or in practice, anywhere.”
(UN, Preamble to the International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of
Racial Discrimination)

There is a special European Commission against Racism
and Intolerance (ECRI), which belongs to the Council of
Europe (www.coe.int/ecri/)

In 2000, the Council of the European Union passed
the so-called Racial Equality Directive, which implements
the principle of equal treatment between persons
irrespective of racial or ethnic origin.
(http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_
rights/pdf/legisln/2000_43_en.pdf )

d E
spe report iscrim xperie
D ak ed ina nc
andenmarers in by su tion hes of
r
Rus Bosn k , Tur Estoni veys o ave be
Fin sian iacs ks i a, im f R en
n u
lan s, Est in Slo Germ migr ssian
d. ( oni ven an ant
MC ans a ia, an y, Se s in
EU
, 20 nd d S rbs
Ann Vietn oma
06
a li
Rep mese ans,
ual
ort) in

The Benefits of a diverse Europe
Recent research with companies across Europe shows how creating and managing a diverse
organisation can provide real benefits, whether they are in the private, public or not-for-profit
sectors, whether they are large or small. This observation is also central to the 2007 European
Year of Equal Opportunities for All.

These benefits can include:
• Attracting, recruiting and retaining people from a wide “talent” base;
• Reducing the costs of labour turnover and absenteeism;
• Contributing to employee flexibility and responsiveness;
• Building employee commitment, morale and “discretionary effort;
• Managing better the impact of globalisation and technological change;
• Enhancing creativity and innovation.
(EC, The Business Case for Diversity Good Practices in the Workplace)

Don’t forget, you have fundamental rights! On difference
To find out what these are, read the The social and cultural reality to which you
Charter of Fundamental Rights on belong is the result of a conglomeration of
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/ differences of all kinds, since it is ultimately
default_en.htm. a mixture of individuals. And yet we do
not normally consider these differences
to be an overwhelming obstacle to living
together.
(CoE, “All different – All equal” Education pack)

Ideas!
your
for
ace
Sp

Week 02
January

10-356 11-355 12-354

SUNDAY 13
13-353

j Wk
1
2
3
4
5
M

7
14
21
28

T
1
8
15
22
29
January
W T
2 3
9 10
16 17
23 24
30 31
F
4
11
18
25
S
5
12
19
26
S
6
13
20
27
Wk
5
6
7
8
9

4
11
18
25

February
M T W T

F S S
1 2 3
5 6 7 8 9 10
12 13 14 15 16 17
19 20 21 22 23 24
26 27 28 29

January
2008
14-352 15-351 16-350

Week 03
January

17-349 18-348 19-347

SUNDAY 20
20-346

January February
Wk M T W T F S S Wk M T W T F S S
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 1 2 3
2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 7 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
4 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 8 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
5 28 29 30 31 9 25 26 27 28 29

January
2008
21-345 22-344 23-343

Xenophobia
Comes from a Greek word meaning “fear of foreigners” and it describes attitudes of rejection, hostility or violence
against people from other countries or belonging to minorities. Xenophobia has its origin in the insecurity and the
fear projected onto what is perceived as “the other”. (CoE, “All different – All equal” Education pack)

Week 04
January

24-342 25-341 26-340

How would
you get out of this
vicious circle: “I
fear those who are
different because I don’t
know them and I don’t
know them because
I fear them”?

SUNDAY 27
27-339

Can you think of recent examples
of xenophobia in your country?
Against whom are they targeted?
Why do you think that happens?

Imagine yourself from the
outside. How would you be
seen by someone living in
another society?
58% of people surveyed by
Eurobarometer thought that being a
January February
foreigner in a Member State meant Wk M T W T F S S Wk M T W T F S S
that they would be less likely to get 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 1 2 3
2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a job, be accepted for training or 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 7 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
be promoted than a national with 4 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 8 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
5 28 29 30 31 9 25 26 27 28 29
equivalent qualifications or diplomas.
(Eurobarometer, Discrimination in the
European Union)

January
2008
28-338 29-337 30-336

“My name is
Melanie and I’m 16 years
old. The greatest difficulty
for me is that as a person of
mixed origin (half Ivory Coast
and half Austrian). I am at home
neither here nor there. Wherever
I am, I am regarded as being a foreigner,
either ‘white’ or ‘black’. It happens to me when
I live in my mother’s country of origin, Austria,
and it happened to me when I was living in my
father’s country, Ivory Coast.
I wish people would accept
me just the way I am!”
Melanie, 16,
Austria

Week 05
February

31-335 32-334 33-333

SUNDAY 3
34-332

January February
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 1 2 3
2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 7 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
4 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 8 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
5 28 29 30 31 9 25 26 27 28 29

February
2008
35-331 36-330 37-329

Week 06
February

38-328 39-327 40-326

SUNDAY 10
41-325

February March
5 1 2 3 9 1 2
6 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
7 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
9 25 26 27 28 29 13 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
14 31

February
2008
42-324 43-323 44-322

fr

Gender equality/ Equality between men and women
As early as 1957, the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community enshrined
the principle of equality between men and women. Yet there is still a clearly unfavourable
situation of women in relation to men, especially on the labour market. This is what the
“Roadmap for equality between women and men” adopted in 2006 aims at improving.
(EC, Report on Equality between women and men – 2007)

equa
lity?

The European
Institute for
Gender Equality
will start functioning
in 2008 in Vilnius, In Spain and Hungary, close
Lithuania. It will work to half of the public feels that
together with Member States women are at a disadvantage in
and EU institutions to ensure that society. However, in Denmark
Community policy in the field of and Greece, there are just about
gender equality is fully implemented. as many people who feel that
(http://ec.europa.eu/employment_ being a woman is an advantage.
social/fundamental_rights/index_ (Eurobarometer, Discrimination
en.htm) in the European Union)

Opportunities in Europe –
How can you benefit from diversity?
Take advantage of the many opportunities available to you to in Europe.

Here are some suggestions:

Get involved in the European Voluntary Service Spring Day for Europe
http://ec.europa.eu/youth/program/sos/vh_evs_proceed_en.html is an annual citizen-
driven initiative aimed
to encourage young
Go on an ERASMUS exchange and study abroad – ask your
people to debate,
university for details reflect, learn and
ERASMUS celebrates its 20th anniversary this year! make their voices
heard on European
Have your voice heard in the European Youth Forum issues. Currently more
http://www.youthforum.org/ than 3,000 schools
have registered on
Work abroad for the summer http://www.anyworkanywhere.com/ the website, bringing
thousands of teachers
or http://www.eurosummerjobs.com/
and pupils across
Europe into the debate.
Travel around Europe! Join the discussions,
make friends across
Look out for international student centres at your college or Europe and find all the
university contests, games, blogs,
E-cards and at www.
“I joined a tandem group and met people from all over the world springday2007.net!
and practiced my foreign languages”

In 2007 Europe has become even more diverse with two more countries
joining the European Union. Welcome Bulgaria and Romania!

r Idea s!
r you
a ce fo
Sp

Week 07
February

45-321 46-320 47-319

ML
SUNDAY 17
48-318

February March
5 1 2 3 9 1 2
6 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
7 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
9 25 26 27 28 29 13 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
14 31

February
2008
49-317 50-316 51-315

Week 08
February

52-314 53-313 54-312

SUNDAY 24
55-311

February March
5 1 2 3 9 1 2
6 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
7 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
9 25 26 27 28 29 13 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
14 31

February
2008
56-310 57-309 58-308

Week 09
March

59-307 60-306 61-305

x
SUNDAY 2
62-304

February March
5 1 2 3 9 1 2
6 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
7 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
9 25 26 27 28 29 13 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
14 31

March
2008
63-303 64-302 65-301

Intolerance
A lack of respect for practices or
beliefs other than one’s own. This is
shown when someone is not willing
to let other people act in a different
way or hold opinions different from
their own.
(CoE, Council of Europe Cartoon books
against intolerance)

Week 10
March

66-300 67-299 68-298

SUNDAY 9
69-297

What examples of intolerance can you think of?
Try to include those that you perceive as “different” from you and your
peers in your games and activities, too. Get to know them better, learn
what they like and what they dislike, listen to their stories and share your
thoughts with them.
March April
Explaining your reality to others who do not know it and listening for Wk M T W T F S S Wk M T W T F S S

their own views can be useful in helping you gain a different perspective. 9
10

3

4

5 6

7
1
8
2
9
14
15
1 2 3 4 5
7 8 9 10 11 12
6
13

Try to understand other points of view by engaging into discussions 11
12
10
17
11
18
12 13
19 20
14
21
15
22
16
23
16
17
14 15 16 17 18 19
21 22 23 24 25 26
20
27
with those around you. Travel abroad and try to get to know the people 13
14
24
31
25 26 27 28 29 30 18 28 29 30

living in other countries. Make friends with young people of different
backgrounds than your own.

March
2008
70-296 71-295 72-294

fr

Week 11
March

73-293 74-292 75-291

SUNDAY 16
76-290

March April
9 1 2 14 1 2 3 4 5 6
10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
13 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 18 28 29 30
14 31

March
2008
77-289 78-288 79-287

Á
As a European
citizen, you too
should be aware
of the importance
of developing active
European citizenship which
is open to the world, respects
cultural diversity and is based on
the common values of the
European Union!

2008ê
2008 is the Year of
Intercultural Dialogue
The European Parliament and the Council of the
EU have designated 2008 as the ‚European Year
of Intercultural Dialogue‘ to contribute the on-
going process of intercultural dialogue.
(EP and Council of the EU, Decision No.
1983/2006/EC)

x
Europe aims to promote
international relations and a world
based on peaceful coexistence and
intercultural dialogue.

Visit the Intercultural Dialogue
website:
http://ec.europa.eu/culture/eac/
dialogue/year2008_en.html

Objectives of the Year:
• Seek to raise the awareness of all those living in the EU, in particular young people, of the
importance of engaging in intercultural dialogue in their daily life;
• Work to identify, share and give a visible European recognition to best practices in promoting
intercultural dialogue throughout the EU, especially among young people and children;
• Foster the role of education as an important medium for teaching about diversity, increase the
understanding of other cultures and developing skills and best social practices, and highlight the
central role of the media in promoting the principle of equality and mutual understanding;
• Raise the profile, increase the coherence of and promote all Community programmes and
actions contributing to intercultural dialogue and ensure their continuity;
• Contribute to exploring new approaches to intercultural dialogue involving cooperation between
a wide range of stakeholders from different sectors.
(EP and Council of the EU, Decision No. 1983/2006/EC)

Intercultural society
Different cultures, national groups
etc. living together within a territory,
ê
maintaining open relations of
interaction, exchange and mutual
recognition of their own and
respective values and ways of life.
(CoE, “All different – All equal”
Education pack)

ê
_
in work
– Making multiculturalism a resource
In Finland in 2005 the ETMO project models for creating
ect aimed at developing
communities – was completed. The proj
non-discriminatory work cultures.
(EUMC, 2006 Annual Report)

A very good way to learn about a certain topic is by doing research and
gathering
information. Pick a theme from those in this agenda and find out more
about that
specific form of discrimination than share your findings with your friends
.

Week 12
March

80-286 81-285 82-284

SUNDAY 23
83-283

ê
Interculture
is a process of
active tolerance
and maintenance of
equitable relations,
where everyone has the
same importance and there are
no superiors or inferiors, better or
worse people. March April
(CoE, “All different Wk
9
M

T

W T

F

S
1
S
2
Wk
14
M T W T
1 2 3 4 5
F S S
6
– All equal” 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Education 12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
13 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 18 28 29 30
pack) 14 31

March
2008
84-282 85-281 86-280

fr

Week 13
March

87-279 88-278 89-277

SUNDAY 30
90-276

March April
9 1 2 14 1 2 3 4 5 6
10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
13 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 18 28 29 30
14 31

March
2008
MONDAY 31
91-275

TUESDAY 1 WEDNESDAY 2
92-274 93-273

Disability
A condition that disables, as
a result of an illness, injury or
physical handicap; the expression
is also used as a term of legal
disqualification or incapacity.
(CoE, COMPASS)
Persons with disabilities have
the right to independence, social
integration and participation in the
life of the community.
(CoE, European Social Charter, Article 15)

Week 14
April

94-272 95-271 96-270

What
do people with
disabilities want?
“Nothing special, nothing
unusual. We want to be able to
attend our neighbourhood school,
to use the public library, to go to
the movies, to get on a bus and go
shopping downtown or to visit friends and
family across town or across the country. (…)
We want to be seen as real people, as a part of
society, not something to be hidden away,
pitied or given charity.” Adrienne Rubin
SUNDAY 6
97-269
Barhydt, April 10, 1996
(CoE, COMPASS)

The EU Disability Strategy aims
to provide disabled people with
the same individual choices and
control in their daily lives as
non-disabled people.
(http://ec.europa.eu/employment_
social/disability/index_en.html)

How can people with
disabilities participate in
the daily activities at your
school?
Did you know that 3 December is March April

the International Day of Disabled Wk
9
M

T

W T

F

S
1
S
2
Wk
14
M T W T
1 2 3 4 5
F S S
6
Persons? The European Union 10
11
3
10
4
11
5 6
12 13
7
14
8
15
9
16
15
16
7 8 9 10 11 12
14 15 16 17 18 19
13
20
declared 2003 to be the European 12
13
17
24
18
25
19 20
26 27
21
28
22
29
23
30
17
18
21 22 23 24 25 26
28 29 30
27

Year of the Disabled Citizen. 14 31

April
2008
98-268 99-267 100-266

“I was born
with hearing difficulties,
but thanks to modern hearing
equipments I have been able to
attend normal schools. One day I was
reading a book on a bench in the school
courtyard when some classmates came
around. They started calling me names
and took the book away from me. It was not the
first time they were harassing me like that. I told them
this was not funny and asked nicely for my book back, but
they started pushing me. I wonder whether someone can
really feel good about hurting someone else. You know,
if you’re seen as “different” it’s more difficult to
make friends, but once you have a friend
then it’s more likely that it’s a
real one.
Dario, 16, Italy

Week 15
April

101-265 102-264 103-263

SUNDAY 13
104-262

April May
14 1 2 3 4 5 6 18 1 2 3 4
15 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 19 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 21 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
18 28 29 30 22 26 27 28 29 30 31

April
2008
105-261 106-260 107-259

fr

Week 16
April

108-258 109-257 110-256

SUNDAY 20
111-255

x Wk
14
15
16
17
18
M

7
14
21
28
T
1
8
15
22
29
April
W
2
9
16
23
30
T
3
10
17
24

F
4
11
18
25
S
5
12
19
26
S
6
13
20
27
Wk
18
19
20
21
22

May
M T W T F S
1 2 3
5 6 7 8 9 10
12 13 14 15 16 17
19 20 21 22 23 24
26 27 28 29 30 31
S
4
11
18
25

April
2008
112-254 113-253 114-252

fr

Tens of thousands of
homosexuals died in the Nazi

Ho
concentration camps during World
War II. The pink triangle and the
pink colour are commonly associated
with homosexual movements and culture,
derived from the pink badge that
homosexuals had to wear in the nazi
concentration camps on the
grounds of “sexual deviance.”
(CoE, COMPASS)

mophobia
Homophobia or discrimination
because of sexual orientation
An irrational fear of and aversion to homosexuality and to
lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people based on
prejudice and similar to racism, xenophobia,
anti-Semitism and sexism.
(EP, Resolution on homophobia in Europe)

Homosexuality means different things to different
people. Here are some basic definitions:
• isexual refers to somebody attracted to
B
person(s) of the same and the opposite gender.
• ay is a term used for homosexual men. In
G
some circles it also includes homosexual women
(Lesbians).
• omosexual refers to a person attracted to
H
persons of the same gender only.
• eterosexual refers to persons attracted to
H
persons of the opposite gender only.
• esbian is used to refer to female homosexuals,
L
i.e. women attracted to other women.
• ransgender is used to refer to a person who
T
has a different gender from what their biological
sex indicates (i.e. a man in a female body or the
other way round).
• GBT is an abbreviation of Lesbian, Gay,
L
Bisexual and Transgender.
(CoE, COMPASS)

School information about homosexuality (Sweden)
Organiser
The Swedish Federation for Gay/Lesbian Rights (Riksforbundet for Sexuellt Likaberattigande, RFSL)

The start
RFSL felt there was a need for the already existing information about homosexuality to be
complemented, since the literature was often of poor quality and teachers often lacked sufficient
knowledge to give appropriate information.

Target group
The main target group are young students between the age of 14-18. There are, however, exceptions
such as university students, school staff and other groups working with young people.

Place of the project
Initially, the project concentrated on the main cities in Sweden, but RFSL strived to cover other
areas as well. Most sessions take place in schools. Sometimes students come to the RFSL premises.
Occasionally sessions take place in youth centres or in the premises of youth clubs/organisations.

Access to the target group
Initially RFSL offered their services directly to schools and spread information through other
institutions who also have contact with schools. At present schools contact RFSL for information.
All “marketing” and books are made by the coordinator of the project.

Outline of the methodology
Information is often given during respective schools thematic working days or weeks when students
learn about and discuss love, sex, relationships and contraceptives. Informants work in pairs: one
male and one female. The duration of the sessions vary between 40 to 80 minutes per group. Ideally
the groups are no larger than 30 people. (…)

The best and worst moments of the project
The best moments are when students reflect upon the information that they receive and when
‘queer’ students find the encouragement to “come out” and get in touch with other ‘queer’ youth.
The worst moments are when faced with bigot teachers who insist on theoretical discussion which
students cannot follow. (Such teachers are often asked to leave the session.) Facing students with
fascist and religious fanatical ideas is never pleasant, either. (…)

Results and impact
As the project aims at giving information it is very difficult to evaluate the results and impact.
The RFSL however believes this is one way to demystify homosexuality and a contribution to the
struggle against prejudice and intolerance.

Contact:
RFSL, Box 350
S-10124 Stockholm, Sweden
(CoE, Domino)

Week 17
April

115-251 116-250 117-249

fr
SUNDAY 27
118-248

April May
14 1 2 3 4 5 6 18 1 2 3 4
15 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 19 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 21 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
18 28 29 30 22 26 27 28 29 30 31

April
2008
119-247 120-246 121-245

fr

Week 18
May

122-244 123-243 124-242

SUNDAY 4
125-241

April May
14 1 2 3 4 5 6 18 1 2 3 4
15 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 19 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 21 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
18 28 29 30 22 26 27 28 29 30 31

May
2008
126-240 127-239 128-238

öl

Week 19
May

129-237 130-236 131-235

SUNDAY 11
132-234

??
May June
18 1 2 3 4 22 1
19 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 23 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
20 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
22 26 27 28
29 30 31 26 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
27 30

May
2008
133-233 134-232 135-231

f

Week 20
May

136-230 137-229 138-228

SUNDAY 18
139-227

May June
18 1 2 3 4 22 1
19 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 23 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
20 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
22 26 27 28
29 30 31 26 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
27 30

May
2008
140-226 141-225 142-224

One
of the main tasks
of the newly created
EU Fundamental Rights
Agency is to collect, analyse
and disseminate objective, reliable
and comparable information
on the development of fundamental
rights in the EU. It also develops methods
and standards to improve the quality and
comparability of data at EU level, as well as
it carries out or encourages scientific
research and surveys.
www.fra.europa.eu

Monitoring and Data Collection on racism and xenophobia
The purpose of data collection is to identify the key aspects of racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, and
direct and indirect discrimination, as well as the groups affected by it, which in turn will make possible to
monitor progress and evaluate outcomes of the strategies that are being implemented.

It has to respect existing international standards on data protection, including the European Convention
for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data.
In addition, in a population-wide data collection the principles of confidentiality, informed consent and
voluntary self-identification have to be respected. (www.fra.europa.eu)

Week 21
May

S AT U R DAY 24
145-221

THURSDAY 22 FRIDAY 23
143-223 144-222

SUNDAY 25
146-220

May June
18 1 2 3 4 22 1
19 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 23 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
20 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
22 26 27 28
29 30 31 26 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
27 30

May
2008
147-219 148-218 149-217

Week 22
June

150-216 151-215 152-214

fr
SUNDAY 1
153-213

May June
18 1 2 3 4 22 1
19 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 23 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
20 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
21 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
22 26 27 28
29 30 31 26 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
27 30

June
2008
154-212 155-211 156-210

Discrimination in education
The new EU rules on racial discrimination also cover the area of education. However, various forms
of direct and indirect discrimination have been observed in the Member States. Examples include:
• Racist and/or antisemitic behaviour/acts by school teachers or students (Belgium, Germany, France,
Ireland, Netherlands, Austria, Sweden, UK)
• Segregation of Roma children from the rest of the pupils in public schools (Czech Republic,
Hungary, Slovakia)
• Extreme-right-wing incidents at school (Germany)
• Discriminatory content in schoolbooks (Cyprus, Hungary)
• Bias in school registration and admission policies (Belgium, Greece, Ireland, Netherlands)

Good practices: The right to education is recognised by
• In Slovenia Roman international law and is at the heart of
i assistants have be
employed in school en UNESCO’s mission.
s and Romani cultu
histor y and identit re,
y is being taught.
In Hungary many Roma children have
• In Latvia there is been wrongly labelled as mentally
a programme in pl handicapped and they may be put
welcoming Roman ace for
i pupils to schools into special schools for the mentally
support for their pa and
rents. handicapped instead of into regular
(EUMC, 2006 Annu
al Report) schools. This is an example of segregation.

Discrimination
in employment
The new EU legislation prohibits discrimination in employment and
training on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin, sexual orientation,
religion or belief, age and disability. Everybody in the territory
of the Union is protected against discrimination on the grounds
mentioned above.
(Council of the EU, Employment Equality Directive)

In Belgium in 2005, the CEO of a Flemish private company
constructing sectional gates stated that his company refused
to recruit non-white employees for the installation and repair
of its gates, on the grounds that his Belgian customers would
Good practices:
prefer this. lled
In Spain a project ca
sist
Several studies showed that in France people of foreign origins “Arena” was set to as
tegration
are faced with much higher unemployment rates than people migrants’ labour in
born in France. Also it has been noted that young people in Andalusia. port)
al Re
of north-western African origins have a worse employment (EUMC, 2006 Annu
situation than young people from southern Europe.

g
Discr imination in housin
lly migrants and mino
rities, are more likely to live in
poor
Some groups, especia
on.
quality accommodati uality Directive)
(Council of th e EU, Employment Eq

Good practices: In Paris, 22 people died in fires in April 2005. They were immigrants
In the Netherlands, the living in flats. Half of those killed were children and most victims
government aims at creating were African nationals. Later that year there was another fire which
a more balanced housing killed 17 people, including 14 children.
supply in poor urban areas (EUMC, 2006 Annual Report)
by building a mix of low-
cost and more expensive In Portugal, immigrants have been given over priced housing in poor
houses in order to prevent or conditions. Some have been found living in garages, in their work
discourage concentrations of place or even in the streets.
disadvantaged people. (EUMC, 2006 Annual Report)
In Luxembourg there was a survey on perceived discrimination by
migrant groups which showed that 9.2 per cent of respondents felt
discriminated when trying to rent or buy a home, and this perception
is particularly strong among people from Cape Verde and from the
former Yugoslavia.

Discrimination in
access to healthcare
Non-discrimination and equal treatment in the provision of health care form part of State
obligations under international law. Yet there are certain vulnerable groups, especially
migrants and minorities, such as Romani people, that are generally having less opportunity
to get treated when they get sick.
(EUMC, Breaking the Barriers: Romani Women and Access to Public Health Care)

How relevant is this information for
your own experiences or in the lives Good practices:
of others you know? In Finland, Ireland and Romania,
Roma individuals, families and/or
Romani women are systematically deprived of consistent communities can rely on the
access to health care across a number of EU member services of a “health mediator”,
states. A particularly disturbing example of direct who is a person that acts as a
discrimination is that of segregating Romani patients in link between Romani people and
health care centers, particularly in maternity wards. This hospitals.
means in Roma-only rooms, showers, eating rooms, and (EUMC, Breaking the Barriers:
other facilities Romani Women and Access to
(EUMC, Breaking the Barriers: Romani Women and Public Health Care)
Access to Public Health Care)

Week 23
June

157-209 158-208 159-207

23
SUNDAY 8
160-206

June July
22 1 27 1 2 3 4 5 6
23 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 28 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 29 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 28 29 30 31
27 30

June
2008
161-205 162-204 163-203

fr

Week 24
June

164-202 165-201 166-200

SUNDAY 15
167-199

June July
22 1 27 1 2 3 4 5 6
23 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 28 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 29 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 28 29 30 31
27 30

June 2008
168-198 169-197 170-196

Week 25
June

171-195 172-194 173-193

SUNDAY 22
174-192

June July
22 1 27 1 2 3 4 5 6
23 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 28 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 29 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 28 29 30 31
27 30

June
2008
175-191 176-190 177-189

d

Positive
action
Outlawing discrimination will not necessarily be enough to ensure genuine
equality of opportunity for everyone in society. Specific measures might be
called for to compensate for disadvantages arising from a person’s racial or
ethnic origin, age or other characteristics which might lead to them being
treated unfairly. (http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/
rights/gloss_en.htm)

Such positive action aimed at removing discriminatory barriers is allowed
by the EU directive and it is not regarded as infringing the principle of equal
treatment. (Council of the EU, Racial Equality Directive, Art. 5)

blem;
as a pro
seg regation unter the
tes view omoted to co y groups.
em ber Sta be pr rit
Most M ction should d mino
rant an
positiv
ea n of mig read
positio action,
vuln erable ositive al thematic
bout p t annu
ation a ty into
more inform mission’s lates utting Equali
For Com n “P
opean iminatio action?”
the Eur on non-discr e
positiv al/
re
brochu What role for nt_soci
e : /em ployme roch/
Practic ropa.eu bst/b
c.eu f/pu
http://e tal_rights/pd
en
fundam h07_en.pdf
themb roc

d You can make a difference –
Be active at local level
Do you have some ideas for a cool project and still don‘t know what to do? You don‘t know
where and how to apply? How to get grant for it? On the website of the European Youth Week
www.youthweek.eu you can find ideas of successful projects all around Europe and the
information needed to take-off yours!
Get informed! Get involved! Get influence! Get active! Get your vision!
(http://www.youthweek.eu/get-active.html)

European grants?
It’s only a matter of asking
EU funds for training projects continue to grow
For more suggestions on how to help fight but many people still don’t know how to go about
discrimination, you can also go to accessing them. The bureaucratic barrier that must
http://www.united.non-profit.nl/, the be overcome can sometimes seem insurmountable.
website of the European network against Despite this, sometimes the right question asked
of the right person can reveal that the EU is not as
nationalism, racism, fascism and in support complicated as it seems and there is always support
of migrants and refugees. for good projects. The best idea is to start with the
local offices of the National Youth Agencies.
(http://www.youthweek.eu/funding-and-training-
issues.html)

Link to the National Agencies of the YOUTH
Programme, SALTO Resource Centres and
EURODESK offices in all EU countries:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/youth/program/
natage_en.html

Idea s!
your
ce for
a
Sp

Week 26
June

178-188 179-187 180-186

SUNDAY 29
181-185

June July
22 1 27 1 2 3 4 5 6
23 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 28 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 29 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 28 29 30 31
27 30

June

MONDAY
182-184
30 TUESDAY
183-183
m 1 WEDNESDAY
184-182
2008
2

c

x

k
Week 27
July

185-181 186-180 187-179

x

d
SUNDAY 6
188-178

June July
22 1 27 1 2 3 4 5 6
23 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 28 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 29 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 28 29 30 31
27 30

July
2008
189-177 190-176 191-175

Prejudice
Refers to a judgement made about someone, before really getting to know that person or group of persons.
Prejudices can be negative or positive in character; they are learned as part of our socialisation process and are very
difficult to modify or eradicate. This is why it is important to be aware of them!
(CoE, “All different – All equal” Education pack)

Week 28
July

192-174 193-173 194-172

Don’t be afraid of sharing
your views, but try to always
support your opinions
with facts from real life.
Also remember that most
facts, even when seemingly
objective, are often subject to
different interpretations.
SUNDAY 13
195-171

Making
assumptions is easy and
common. Do you know what
type of music your friends July August
enjoy or you just guess? If it is Wk M T W T F S S Wk M T W T F S S
27 1 2 3 4 5 6 31 1 2 3
that simple to make assumptions 28 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
29 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 33 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
about friends, think how easy it is to 30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 34 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

make false judgements about people we 31 28 29 30 31 35 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

don’t know.

July
2008
196-170 197-169 198-168

Week 29
July

199-167 200-166 201-165

m
SUNDAY 20
202-164

July August
27 1 2 3 4 5 6 31 1 2 3
28 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
29 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 33 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 34 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
31 28 29 30 31 35 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

July
2008
203-163 204-162 205-161

“I am a 17 year
old Hungarian Roma
living in Budapest. Sometimes
my classmates’ intolerance
is unbearable. Once we had a
chemistry class and we studied
the process of soap producing. At
a certain point someone in the first row
turned around and shouted to me: “Hey you,
do you hear this?” In the context it was clear
what he meant. I also found sentences on the
blackboard like “Stinky gypsy”.
The teachers did nothing
about this.
Eszter, 17, Hungary

Week 30
July

206-160 207-159 208-158

SUNDAY 27
209-157

July August
27 1 2 3 4 5 6 31 1 2 3
28 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
29 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 33 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 34 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
31 28 29 30 31 35 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

July
2008
210-156 211-155 212-154

jk

Week 31
August

213-153 214-152 215-151

SUNDAY 3
216-150

July
August
Wk M T W T F S S
Wk M T W T F S S
27 1 2 3 4 5 6
31 1 2 3
28 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
29 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
33 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
34 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
31 28 29 30 31
35 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

August
2008
217-149 218-148 219-147

j

Don’t let others tell you what to think! Try to reason on your own,
based on the information you have gathered. However, be open to
other views that may challenge your ideas and be ready to change
your mind if presented with good counter-arguments.
stereotyping
In everyday language it is
sometimes difficult to tell
the difference between
stereotypes and prejudices.

Stereotyping
Generalising about particular groups of
people and labelling them, thus creating
false expectations that individual members
of the group will conform to certain (often
negative) traits or characteristics that have
been attributed to the group as a whole.
(NCCRI, Useful Terminology)

per week
Spend a couple of hours
e you
doing community ser vic
with the
will thus get acquainted
realities of other pe ople, while also
ibution
making a positive contr
ich you
to the community in wh
further
live. It should help you to
develop your sense of solidarity
s the
and responsibility toward
person next to you.

How to start your own project
The EU “Youth in Action” Programme is the EU’s mobility and non-formal
education programme targeting young people aged between 13 and 30 years. It
provides information on how to get European funding for youth projects and it is
meant to guide its users through all the project phases, from the first contact with
the programme to the application process, the realisation of the project and the
final evaluation.
(http://europa.eu.int/comm/youth/index_en.html)

Further useful links
SALTO-YOUTH Resource Centres Step by Step
http://www.salto-youth.net/
A network of resource centres working on Checklist
European priority areas within the youth field. It • Setting your aims and objectives
provides youth work and training resources and
• What is your target group?
organises training and contact-making activities
to support organisations and National Agencies • Planning your activity
within the frame of the European Commission‘s • Recruiting the co-workers
YOUTH programme and beyond. • What methods will you use? Video,
EURODESK Funding Database Discussion, Role Play, Presentation,
www.eurodesk.org
Lesson etc.
How to apply for funding, how to find partners
for projects, a searchable database of national and • How will you reach your target
European funding sources, as well as a list of all group?
the European funding programmes. • Do you need funding?
European Commission - Education and • Do you or your co-workers need
Training
http://ec.europa.eu/education/index_en.html
any special training?
Information about the ‘Education & Training • Do you have all support systems
2010’ Programme, including about how to finance you need?
training projects • Will the young people be in
Youth Partnership between the European control (power, ownership and
Commission and the Council of Europe
http://www.youth-partnership.net
management)
Includes the European Knowledge Centre for • How will you review, document and
Youth Policy (research based information on the evaluate your programme?
realities of youth across Europe), Training-Youth. • Working with the media
net (training opportunities and publications for
(CoE, Domino)
European youth workers and youth leaders), and
Euro-Med (training opportunities for those active
in Euro-Mediterranean youth projects, with a
thematic emphasis on human rights education
and intercultural dialogue).

Week 32
August

220-146 221-145 222-144

SUNDAY 10
223-143

August September
31 1 2 3 36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 37 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
33 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 38 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
34 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 39 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
35 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 40 29 30

August 2008
224-142 225-141 226-140

d

Week 33
August

227-139 228-138 229-137

SUNDAY 17
230-136

August September
31 1 2 3 36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 37 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
33 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 38 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
34 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 39 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
35 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 40 29 30

August
2008
231-135 232-134 233-133

Stand up for your rights
and challenge those
who don’t respect the
rights of others!

Victimisation
When someone is treated badly
or differently for having made a
complaint about discrimination or
for supporting a colleague who has
made a complaint.
(www.stop-discrimination.info)

Read the EU guide for victims of
discrimination ‘What you can do if
you have suffered discrimination’,
available at
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_
social/fundamental_rights/pdf/
public/factsheet2_en.pdf

ÁRead more about your rights
and obligations in the EU on the
DG Employment Action against
discrimination website:
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_
social/fundamental_rights/rights/
robli_en.htm

“Building Bridges” (Sheffield/United Kingdom)
Organiser
The National Coalition Building Institute (NCBI) England

Target group
Young people between the ages of 15-26 years who were drawn from youth clubs in the Sheffield area. They
had diverse backgrounds: Jewish, Christian and Muslim; Afro-Caribbean, Asia, Pakistani, white and black
English; disabled and able-bodied; lesbian, bisexual and heterosexual; employed, unemployed and students.
They were all voluntary or part-time paid youth workers, or young people using youth work provision (those
who took up the role of trainers).

Place of the project
At a residential centre in Sheffield

The start
The group were already meeting as part of a Youth Involvement Group and they identified prejudice reduction
and diversity work as something they wanted to take on. NCBI were contacted by the youth workers involved.

Main goals of the project
To welcome diversity; for participants, to take pride in their own identities; to understand diversity issues;
to make effective interventions to prejudice and discrimination; to train other young people in prejudice
reduction methods.

Outline of the methodology
We wanted to bring ideas to every city, town, campus and organisation. Our staff and associates helped
launching Local Associations in different communities. We led either introductory one-day Prejudice
Reduction workshops or 3-day train-the-trainer workshops teaching people (a minimum of 15 persons,
including leaders from community groups, schools, religious groups, local governments, police, private and
public sectors) to lead the NCBI Prejudice Reduction workshop and Conflict Resolution models. These offered
specific skills which are immediate, practical and adaptable.

The best and worst moments of the project
Firstly, each participant has given feedback that their understanding of diversity issues, prejudice and
discrimination have been radically altered, their behaviour and ability to handle situations has dramatically
changed. Secondly, many of the participants have gone out and used what they have learned with other young
people. The main failure has been that we lacked the financial resource for the key trainer to remain involved
to offer the on-going support, supervision and fresh training input required for the group to continue.

Results and impact
The project made a good impact on the young people who were directly involved in the project itself, as well
as on the young people with whom the peer-teams have subsequently gone on to work.

Contact:
Building Bridges Against Prejudice – National Coalition Building Institute
75 Colby Road
Leicester LE4 8LG
UK
(CoE, Domino)

Week 34
August

234-132 235-131 236-130

n
SUNDAY 24
237-129

August September
31 1 2 3 36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 37 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
33 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 38 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
34 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 39 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
35 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 40 29 30

August
2008
MONDAY 25 WEDNESDAY 27
238-128 240-126

TUESDAY 26
239-127

Harassment
Any unwanted physical or verbal
conduct that offends or humiliates
others. It can consist of a single
incident or several incidents over
a period of time. It can take many
forms, such as: threats, intimidation,
or verbal abuse; unwelcome remarks
or jokes about subjects like your
ethnicity, religion, disability or age;
displaying racist or other offensive
pictures or posters.
(Council of the EU, Racial Equality
Directive)

Week 35
August

241-125 242-124 243-123

SUNDAY 31
244-122

Everyone in the school community
has the responsibility and duty
to monitor and tackle racial
harassment and racist incidents.
(CoE, COMPASS)

In the Czech Republic, a person of
Roma origin initiated a court case
against a restaurant owner who
displayed a statue of a Greek goddess
of antiquity holding a baseball bat in
her hand with a visible inscription
August September
“Go and get the Gypsies” on the Wk M T W T F S S Wk M T W T F S S
premises of his restaurant. The 31
32

4

5

6 7
1
8
2
9
3
10
36
37
1 2 3
8 9 10
4 5 6 7
11 12 13 14
Supreme Court judged this to be a 33 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 38 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
34 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 39 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
case of harassment. 35 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 40 29 30


September
2008
245-121 246-120 247-119

s

Week 36
September

248-118 249-117 250-116

SUNDAY 7
251-115

September October
36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 40 1 2 3 4 5
37 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 41 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
38 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 42 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
39 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 43 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
40 29 30 44 27 28 29 30 31

September
2008
252-114 253-113 254-112

a ffg

An alarming fact is that

racist violenc
recent evidence indicates
that the majority of
racist crime and violence is not
attributable only to extremist
groups anymore.
(EUMC, Racist Violence in
15 EU Member States)

Racist violence and crime
People who are perceived as different,
for example minorities and foreigners,
are more likely to become victims of
crime.

According to recent reports, the
most vulnerable groups identified
are ethnic minorities within the
national population, undocumented
migrants, Jews, Muslims, North
Africans, Latinos, people from former

gä knm
Yugoslavia, refugees/asylum seekers
and Roma.
(EUMC, Racist Violence in 15 EU
Member States)
e and crime
mb attacks on
In Slovenia, bo lted
ttlements resu
three Roma se en, with a
two wom
in the death of
further two people injured.

ber of the
In Malta a mem
was accused of
armed forces d
cial hatred an
encouraging ra an.
erian m
injuring a Lib ort)
(EUMC, 20 06 Annual Rep

Learning languages in Europe
Why should you learn languages?
• So that you can understand people when you go on holiday abroad
• Maybe you work with people who speak foreign languages
• So that you can make friends from other countries
• More companies employ people who can speak foreign languages
• If you can speak someone else’s language you can better understand their culture and outlook on life
(http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/lang/learn/why_en.html)

On 1 January 2007 three more languages became official EU languages, bringing the total number to
23. These are Romanian, Bulgarian and Irish. Romanian is a Romance language like French, Spanish
and Portuguese, while Bulgarian is a Slavic language. However, these are not the only languages
spoken in Europe. Remember that there are also many regional and minority languages spoken by
segments of population. Altogether, now there are 3 different alphabets officially used in the EU: the
Latin, the Greek and the Cyrillic!

“Learning a foreign
language is a condition
of cultural exchange.
It is also a necessity
for Europeans, who are
required to move, work and
communicate within an expanding
European Union.”
(http://ec.europa.eu/education/
policies/lang/languages_
en.html)

Did you know
that in Graz,
Austria, there is a
European Centre for
Modern Languages? To find
out more about their mission
and activities, visit its website
at http://www.ecml.at/

Week 37
September

255-111 256-110 257-109

SUNDAY 14
258-108

h Wk
36
37
38
39
40
M
1
8
15
22
29
September
T
2
9
16
23
30
W T F
3 4 5
10 11 12
17 18 19
24 25 26

S
6
13
20
27
S
7
14
21
28
Wk
40
41
42
43
44

October
M T W T
1 2
6 7 8 9
13 14 15 16
20 21 22 23
27 28 29 30
F
3
10
17
24
31
S
4
11
18
25
S
5
12
19
26

September
2008
259-107 260-106 261-105

Week 38
September

262-104 263-103 264-102

SUNDAY 21
265-101

September October
36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 40 1 2 3 4 5
37 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 41 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
38 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 42 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
39 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 43 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
40 29 30 44 27 28 29 30 31

September
2008
262-100 263-99 264-98

y ??
a!c

Ethnicity/Ethnic group
Ethnicity has been described residing in shared characteristics such as culture,
language, religion and traditions, which contribute to a person or a group’s identity.

It can include:
• the belief by members of a social group that they are culturally distinctive and
different to outsiders;
• their willingness to find symbolic markers of that difference (food habits,
Be
religion, forms of dress, language) and to emphasise their significance; and
proud of
• their willingness to organise relationships with outsiders so that a kind of
your origin, but
‘group boundary’ is preserved and reproduced.
also show social
(Tovey and Share in NCCRI, Useful Terminology)
respect for other
identities.

There are neither superior nor inferior cultures. Each culture is the result
of a different reality.
In each culture there are positive aspects from which it is possible to
learn, and negative aspects we may criticise. How do we decide?
Take into consideration, with due objectivity and respect, the
characteristics of the different cultures cohabiting within a specific area.

Minority group to a sub-group of a
Minority/ National Minorities/ ings in different contexts. Generally it refers erential treatment.
n different th cted to diff
that can mea aracteristics and/or
is subje
“Minority ” is a word m others in some ch
at differs fro
whole population th t belong to the
s to those who do no
d “ethnic minorities”) refer more national/ethni
c
(sometimes also calle nicity. There can be
National minorities to th eir nationality or eth
lation in a country as
majority of the popu me country.
d in the sa Terminology)
minorities recognise and NCCRI, Useful
(Merriam-Web ster online dictionary
The
Organisation
for Security and
Co-operation in Europe
Minorities should not be discriminated against! (OSCE) dedicates many of
Being different or having different preferences and its efforts to minorities.
life-style should not constitute a reason Visit the websites of the
for discrimination. Office for Democratic Institutions
What are the national minorities in and Human Rights (ODIHR) http://
your country? www.osce.org/odihr/ and of the
What are your attitudes and behaviour High Commissioner on National
towards the differences of minority Minorities (HCNM)
groups? http://www.osce.
org/hcnm/.

Week 39
September

265-97 266-96 267-95

SUNDAY 28
268-94

September October
36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 40 1 2 3 4 5
37 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 41 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
38 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 42 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
39 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 43 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
40 29 30 44 27 28 29 30 31

September
2008
269-93 270-92 271-91

cvb

Week 40
October

272-90 273-89 274-88

SUNDAY 5
275-87

October November
40 1 2 3 4 5 44 1 2
41 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 45 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
42 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 46 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
43 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 47 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
44 27 28 29 30 31 48 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

October
2008
276-86 277-85 278-84

f

8 of
Romaphobia/Anti-Gypsyism April is the
The dehumanisation of Roma, Travellers and Sinti based on
International

f
false, negative stereotypes, as if they were less than human
and do not deserve human rights.
(CoE, Roma and Travellers Glossary) Roma Day.

Romaphobia/
Anti-Gypsyism

ä
Romani communities in Europe
e
– including those describing e of th
s the siz
themselves as Roma, Gypsies,
What i mmunity
Manouches, Travellers, Sinti or co
Kale– have long faced discrimination Roma ountr y?
c
in your u find
in
can yo
and persecution. Members of Romani
communities may be subject to verbal What news
abuse, delayed care, segregation, or
you r local
denial of services because of their Roma?
ethnicity. about

With the enlargement of the European
Union in 2004 to include new members During World War II, Roma were
in central and Eastern Europe, the Roma also singled out by the Nazis for racial
population living in the EU now numbers
persecution and annihilation.
around 10 million. Most Roma in Europe
speak the Romani language.
The European Commission and the Council of
(http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/
Europe have launched joint programme “DOSTA!
fundamental_rights/roma/index_en.htm)
Go beyond prejudice, discover the Roma!” Visit
www.dosta.org for more information.

Initiative THARA Haus (Vienna, Austria)
What is the Initiative THARA Haus?
In Romanes (the language of the Roma) thara means “tomorrow” and also “future”, while Haus is the
German word for “house”. The Initiative THARA Haus is a co-operation of Roma and non-Roma
organisations based in Vienna, Austria.

Target group
Roma and Sinti between the ages of 14-25 years, regardless of their nationality, who are residents of
Vienna. Participation in all programmes of the THARA Haus is free of charge.

Main objectives
To advance and promote the general knowledge, skills and qualifications of Roma and Sinti youths
especially with regard to their future employment or higher education goals. Promote intercultural
exchange and dialogue in order to create awareness of and understanding for the Roma and Sinti
culture, as well as about the merits of diversity in general. Reduce prejudice and social/cultural
barriers between the mainstream population and the Roma society.

Main programmes offered
Tutoring (German, English, Mathematics) for pupils of secondary schools; courses on “Improving
Learning Skills”; Roma-culture activities: theatre, music, dance, Romanes and Roma-history
lessons; Secondary School Diploma and radio journalism/pod casting courses; job orientation and
counselling in social matters; career counselling; PC-workshops and ECDL courses etc.

An innovative approach
The Initiative THARA Haus does not attempt to integrate Roma and Sinti youths into mainstream
society by thrusting its values upon them, forcing them to part with their traditional cultural
and social backgrounds. The innovative approach is one of cooperation and dialogue which will
help Roma youths identify the best of both worlds for themselves and encourage them to utilise
this knowledge to their own advantage. A wide variety of projects will give the participants the
opportunity to take part in programmes of their choice and at the same time gain skills and
qualifications, discover their strengths and weaknesses, define their preferences, recognise their
talents and experience the importance of reliability and stamina in the realisation of projects.

Framework and funding
The Initiative THARA Haus was created within the framework of the European Community
Initiative EQUAL and is funded by means of the European Social Fund and the Austrian Federal
Ministry of Economics and Labour.

Contact
Initiative THARA Haus
Reinprechtsdorferstraße 31 (im Hof )
1050 Wien • Tel: (01) 544 04 47
www.thara.at
(EQUAL, Info-Tool Box)

Week 41
October

279-83 280-82 281-81

g
SUNDAY 12
282-80

October November
40 1 2 3 4 5 44 1 2
41 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 45 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
42 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 46 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
43 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 47 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
44 27 28 29 30 31 48 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

October
2008
283-79 284-78 285-77

Week 42
October

286-76 287-75 288-74

SUNDAY 19
289-73

October November
40 1 2 3 4 5 44 1 2
41 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 45 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
42 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 46 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
43 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 47 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
44 27 28 29 30 31 48 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

October
2008
290-72 291-71 292-70

Anti-Semitism
The expression of hatred towards Jews, their property and Jewish community
institutions and religious facilities. It can be expressed in speech, writing, visual forms
and action, and employs sinister stereotypes and negative character traits. It can take
various forms, among which threats, public insults or public incitement to violence,
hatred or discrimination against a person or a grouping of persons on the grounds of
their actual or presumed Jewish identity or origin.
(CoE, ECRI General Policy Recommendation No. 9 on the fight against anti-Semitism)

ANTi-SEMitism There
are still persons
who deny the existence
of the extermination
What hap policy initiated by
pe
people in ned to Jewish
the Nazi Germany. Such
allegations are condemned in the
yo
during W ur countr y European Union.
orld War http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/
II? cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/
misc/93739.pdf

The year 2000 marked the beginning of a period in which most EU
countries faced a sharp rise in attacks against Jewish individuals and/or
Jewish property.

The most horrific manifestation of anti-Semitism came with Hitler’s rise to
power and the Nazi ideology of racial purity. Six million Jewish people died in
concentration camps during the Holocaust /the Shoah.
(EUMC, Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU 2002-2003)

What
do you know about
Islam? How much reality
is there in that knowledge
and how many preconceived
Islamophobia
There is currently no legally agreed
thoughts? How much does one definition of Islamophobia, though
need to question the information it is generally considered to mean
we receive through the mass media? “fear of Islam”. The European
How can you really find out what it is like to Commission Against Racism and
Intolerance (ECRI), recognises that
“walk in someone else’s shoes”? Muslim communities are subject to
prejudice, which may manifest itself
What images do you have of Islam? through negative general attitudes
Are you a Muslim? How do you feel but also to varying degrees, through
perceived by the non- discriminatory acts and through
violence and harassment.
Muslim people (www.coe.int/ecri/)
around you?

Islamophobia
of Muslims residing
The estimated number
is of approximately
in the European Union
to 3.5 per cent
13 million, corresponding
ion. Muslims
of the EU’s total populat Increasingly
gest religious
constitute the second lar after recent
faith society.
group of the EU’s multi- events such as of
them are EU
A substantial number of the September 11 terrorist
residing in the EU
citizens. Some Muslims attacks against the US, the murder of
l presence in the
also have a long historica Theo van Gogh in the Netherlands, the Madrid
live.
countries in which they and London bombings, there has been an
increase in fear and hatred of Islam around
are a highly
Muslims living in the EU Europe. The central question is how to avoid
ethnicities,
diverse mix of different stereotypical generalisations, how to reduce
religious
languages, secular and fear and how to strengthen solidarity in our
ditions and political
tendencies, cultural tra diverse European societies while combating
m Turkey,
convictions. Muslims fro discrimination on the basis of race,
le East, Pakistan,
North Africa, the Midd ethnicity, religion or belief.
mer Yugoslavia
Bangladesh, and the for (EUMC, Muslims in the European
Muslim
predominate among the .
Union: Discrimination and
population s of the European Union Islamophobia)
Europ ean Union:
(EUMC, Muslims in the
Discrimina tion and Islamophobia)

Week 43
October

293-69 294-68 295-67

SUNDAY 26
296-66

October November
40 1 2 3 4 5 44 1 2
41 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 45 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
42 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 46 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
43 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 47 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
44 27 28 29 30 31 48 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

October
2008
MONDAY 27
297-65
Multi-faith initiatives
Multi-faith or inter-faith initiatives are actions that bring together people
of all religions and of no religion, with the aim of promoting understanding
and co-operation between people of different faith communities and
provide a forum for open debate and discussion.

Which religions are practiced in your city?
Where do people gather and worship?
What can be done in your community or school to increase
knowledge and understanding of other religions?

TUESDAY 28 WEDNESDAY 29
298-64 299-63

Week 44
November

300-62 301-61 302-60

SUNDAY 2
303-59

Good practices:
Inter-faith Network for the UK: The Inter-faith Network runs
information services on faith communities and inter-faith issues by
linking national and local inter-faith initiatives in the UK, sharing
good practice between them through meetings and publications. Their
„Building Good Relations with People of Different Faiths and Beliefs“
provides guidelines for positive interfaith dialogue.
(EUMC, Muslims in the European Union: Discrimination and
Islamophobia) October November
40 1 2 3 4 5 44 1 2

In Finland, leaders of different churches regularly meet to discuss the 41
42
6
13
7
14
8 9 10
15 16 17
11
18
12
19
45
46
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
importance of understanding and tolerance. The government also 43
44
20
27
21
28
22 23 24
29 30 31
25 26 47
48
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
organised festivities marking the end of Ramadan.
(EUMC, Muslims in the EU: Discrimination and Islamophobia)

November
2008
304-58 305-57 306-56

Week 45
November

307-55 308-54 309-53

SUNDAY 9
310-52

November December
Wk M T
44 1 2 49 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
45 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 50 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
46 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 51 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
47 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 52 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
48 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 29 30 31

November
2008
311-51 312-50 313-49

Stud
sh
y results on „per
ow that many m
have been expo
discrimination,
some extreme

(EUMC, Migra
Docum
ceived discrimin
igrants and min
sed to harassm
and prejud
right-wing xeno
hools.

enting Discrimin
15 Member Stat
ent,

phobic
ation“
orities

ice, including

incidences in sc Minorities and Education:
nts,
ation and Integr
es of the Europe
ation in
an Union)
f

Migrants, Emigrants, Think
Immigrants of possibilities for
A migrant is a person who moves from establishing relations with
one country to another, intending to people from different cultures.
settle temporarily or permanently in If you live in a multicultural
the place of destination. environment, this can happen
An emigrant is one who leaves a very easily on the play ground, for
country intending to settle elsewhere. instance when you play football in your
An immigrant is a person arriving in a spare time. You could also start your own project
country, intending to settle temporarily which could involve partners from more countries.
or permanently. For suggestions read the pages with good examples
(UK Commission for Racial Equality of anti-discrimination youth projects as well as
website, www.cre.gov.uk) the sheet with information on how to
create your own project, also in
this agenda.

Refugees and Asylum Seekers
In popular usage, the terms ‘refugee’ and ‘asylum seeker’ get confused. An ‘asylum seeker’
is a person who has applied for the status of ‘refugee’, but has not received it yet. In order
to become a refugee, a person has to be outside his or her own country and have a well-
founded fear of persecution in his or her original country on grounds of race, religion,
nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.
(www.unhcr.org)

What happens if a person seeks
f
asylum in your country? Do you
know what they have to do?

ees in your
W here do refug In Poland,
? What are
countr y come from less than half of
om?
they fleeing fr children from
refugee centres go
to school.
Try putting yourself in the shoes of an asylum
seeker by playing the online game “Last Exit (EUMC, 2006 Annual Report)
Flucht” created by UNHCR and available in
German, Norwegian and Swedish at
http://www.lastexitflucht.org/againstallodds/.

Week 46
November

314-48 315-47 316-46

f SUNDAY
317-45
16

November December
Wk M T
44 1 2 49 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
45 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 50 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
46 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 51 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
47 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 52 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
48 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 29 30 31

November
2008
318-44 319-43 320-42

Week 47
November

321-41 322-40 323-39

SUNDAY 23
324-38

November December
Wk M T
44 1 2 49 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
45 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 50 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
46 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 51 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
47 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 52 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
48 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 29 30 31

Religious Festivals/ Spec
14 Novem
Faiths/ Internationally November December January February March April
recognized theme days
2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008

Buddhism 8 and/or 15
Parinirvana
5 Kathina Day 8 Wesak/Vaisakha 22-25 Mahayana - Nirvana day
Puja/Bodhi Day New Year
7 Chinese New
Year

24 Christmas Eve 20 Maundy
Christianity 25 Christmas Day 1 New year‘s Day Thursday
1 All Saints Day 26 St Stephen‘s 6 Epiphany (Three 6 Ash Wednesday 21 Good Friday
Day Kings Day) (Lent)
2 All Souls Day 23-24 Easter
31 Hogmanay/ 7 Christmas Day
New Year‘s Eve/ (Orthodox) 27 Easter
Silvesterabend (Orthodox)

6 Bikarami Samvat
Hinduism - Varsha-Pratipada
11 Vasant 6 Mahashivratri (Hindu New Year)
9 Deepwali 14 Makar Sankrant Panchamii 14 Rama Navami
21 Holi
19 Hanuman
Jayanti

Islam 20.+21.+22.23.
Opferfest Eid 10 Muharram
al-Adha (arab.=Aid (Islamic New Year 20 Mawlid al-Nabi
el Adha) 1429) (Muhammed‘s
(TR=Kurban Birthday)
19 Ashura
Bayrami)

Judaism
5 Hanukkah 22 Tu B‘shvat 21 Purim 20 Pesach

Sikhism 24 The Birthday of
Guru Nanak Dev 5 Birthday of Guru
Gobind Singh 22 Hola Mohalla 13 April Vaisakhi
24 Martyrdom The Sikh New Year
of Guru Tegh (Nanakshahi (Lunar Calendar) Festival
Bahadur (The calendar)
Nigth Guru)

EU
2007 European Year of Equal
Opportunities for All (2007) 2008 European Year of Intercultural Dialogue
(http://www.interculturaldialogue2008.eu/)
(http://www.equality2007.europa.eu/)

8 International
Women‘s Day and
United Nations Day
10 Human Rights for Women‘s Rights
Day 27 International and International
Day of Peace
18 International Commemoration 21 International Day 8 International
Theme days Day of Migrants in memory of the for the Elimination of Roma Day
20 International victims of the Racial Discrimination
Human Solidarity Holocaust 21-28 Week of
Day Solidarity with the
Peoples Struggling
against Racism and
Racial Discrimination
Disclaimer: whilst every endeavour has been made to include all relevant
dates, please accept our apology for any omissions or inaccuracies occurred.

cial theme days and Years
mber 2007- 31 December 2008
May June July August September October November December
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008

20 Wesak or
Buddha Day

24 Christmas Eve
1 Ascension Day 25 Christmas Day
15 Assumption 1 All Saint’s Day 26 St Stephen‘s
11 Pentecost Day 2 All Souls Day Day
- Whitsun
31 Hogmanay/
New Year‘s Eve/

16 Raksha 3 Ganesh
Bandhan Chaturthiv 9 Dussera
24 Janmashtami 29 Navaratri 28 Diwali
- Krishna Jayanti

8 Eid al-Adha/
Kurban bayrami
1 Eid al-Fitr,
11 Miraaj-un-Nabi 1 Beginning of Ramazan bayrami, 29 Al-Hijira/
Ramadan Muharam (Islamic
End of Ramadan New Year 1430)

2 Yom Ha sho‘ah 30 -1 Okt
(Holocaust Rosh Hashanah 9 Jom Kippur Day 22 Hanukkah
Remembrance of Atonement
Day, Israel) Jewish New Year

13 Birthday of
5 Birthday of Guru Nanak
Guru Hargobind (Lunar Calendar)
(Nanakshahi 24 Martyrdom
calendar) 28 Diwali
of Guru Tegh
23 Birthday of Bahadur
Guru Har Krishen (Nanakshahi
calendar)

9 Schuman Day

9 70th Anniversary
of the November 3 International
3 World Press Day of Disabled
Freedom Day 12 International 1938 Pogrom
4 International Persons
17 International Day of Innocent Youth Day 1 International 10 60th Anniversary
10 Human Rights
Day against Children Victims 23 International Day of Older of the Universal
Day
Homophobia 8 International Persons Declaration of
of Aggression Day for the Literacy Day 18 International
Remembrance of 5 World Teachers‘ Human Rights
21 World Day for 20 World Migrants Day
Cultural Diversity Refugee Day the Slave Trade Day 16 International Day
for Dialogue and and its Abolition of Tolerance 20 International
Development 20 Universal Human Solidarity
Children‘s Day Day

x
SMS-TXT
1dRfl - wonderful L8 - late
2 - to/too/two L8r - later
2da - today LMK - let me know
2moro - tomorrow M8 - mate
2nite - tonight MOF - matter of fact
3dom - freedom MT - empty
4 - for NAGI - not a good idea
4get - forget Ne - any
4N - foreign Ne1 - anyone
AND - any day now No1 - no one
ASAP - as soon as possible nrg - energy
ATM - at the moment OIC - oh I see
B - be OK - ok
B4 - before ONNA - oh no! not again
B4N - bye for now OTT - over the top
BB - bye bye PAL - parents are listening
Bf - boyfriend PCM - please call me
BG - big grin Pls - please
BION - believe it or not Ppl - people
BK - big kiss R - are
BTDT - been there, done that Re - regarding
BTW - by the way RUOK - are you okay?
By - busy Spk - speak
CB - call back Sry - sorry
CID - consider it done SWAK - sealed with a kiss
CUL8R - see you later THX - thanks
CWYL - chat with you later TTYL - talk to you later
DUZ - does TXT - text
DUZNT - doesn’t U - you
G2G - got to go U@ - you are? (where are you?)
Gf - girlfriend UOK - you okay?
Gr8 - great UR - your/you’re
Grr - angry Usu - usually
H2 - how to W8 - wait
HUH - have you heard? W84M - wait for me
IC - I see W/ - wait
ICCL - I couldn’t care less Wan2 - want to
IK - I know wn - when
ILU (or ILY) - I love you XLNT - excellent
in4ml - informal Y - why
KISS - keep it simple, stupid YR - yeah, right!

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Take the human rights
Directions: Read each statement and evaluate how accurately it describes your school community.
Keep in mind all members of your school: students, teachers, administrators, staff. Add up your
score to determine the overall assessment for your school.

Rating scale:
1 2 3 4 DN
Never Rarely Often Always Don’t know
(No/False) (Yes/True)

1. Members of the school community are not discriminated against because
of their race, sex, family background, disability, religion or life style.
(UDHR articles 2, 16; CRC articles 2, 23)

2. My school is a place where I am safe and secure.

3. All students receive equal information and encouragement about academic
and career opportunities.

4. My school provides equal access, resources, activities and accommodation
for everyone. (UDHR articles 2, 7; CRC article 2)

5. Members of my school community will oppose discriminatory actions,
materials or words in the school.
(UDHR articles 2, 3, 7, 28, 29; CRC articles 2, 3, 6, 30)

6. When someone violates the rights of another person, the violator is
helped to learn how to change her/his behaviour.
(UDHR article 26; CRC articles 28, 29)

7. Members of my school community care about my full human as
well as academic development and try to help me when I am in need.
(UDHR articles 3, 22, 26, 29; CRC articles 3, 6, 27, 28, 29, 31)

8. When conflicts arise, we try to resolve them in non-violent and
collaborative ways. (UDHR articles 3, 28; CRC articles 3, 13, 19, 29, 37)

9. The school has policies and procedures regarding discrimination and
uses them when incidents occur.

10. In matters related to discipline, everyone is assured of fair, impartial
treatment in the determination of guilt and assignment of punishment.
(UDHR articles 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; CRC articles 28, 40)

temperature of
your school!
11. No one in our school is subjected to degrading treatment or punishment.
(UDHR article 5; CRC articles 13, 16,19, 28)

12. Someone accused of wrong-doing is presumed innocent until proved guilty.
(UDHR article 11; CRC articles 16, 28, 40)

13. My personal space and possessions are respected.
(UDHR articles 12, 17; CRC article 16)

14. My school community welcomes students, teachers, administrators and staff
from diverse backgrounds and cultures, including people not born in this country.
(UDHR articles 2, 6, 13, 14, 15; CRC articles 2, 29, 30, 31)

15. I have the liberty to express my beliefs and ideas without fear of discrimination.
(UDHR article 19; CRC articles 13, 14)

16. Members of my school can produce and disseminate publications without fear of
censorship or punishment.
(UDHR article 19; CRC article 13)

17. Diverse perspectives (e.g. gender, race/ethnicity, ideological) are represented
in courses, textbooks, assemblies, libraries and classroom instruction.
(UDHR articles 2, 19, 27; CRC articles 17, 29, 30)

18. I have the opportunity to participate in cultural activities at the school and
my cultural identity, language and values are respected.
(UDHR articles 19, 27, 28; CRC articles 29, 30, 31)

19. Members of my school have the opportunity to participate in democratic
decision-making to develop school policies and rules.
(UDHR articles 20, 21, 23; CRC articles 13, 15)

20. Members of my school have the right to form associations within the school
to advocate for their rights or the rights of others.
(UDHR articles 19, 20, 23; CRC article 15)

21. Members of my school encourage each other to learn about societal and
global problems related to justice, ecology, poverty and peace.
(UDHR preamble, articles 26, 29; CRC article 29)

22. Members of my school encourage each other to organize and take action
to address problems related to justice, ecology, poverty and peace.
(UDHR preamble, articles 20, 29; CRC article 29)

23. Members of my school community are able to take adequate rest/recess
time during the school day and work reasonable hours under
fair work conditions.

24. Employees in my school are paid enough to have a standard of living
adequate for the health and well-being of themselves and their families.

25. I take responsibility in my school to ensure that
people do not discriminate against others.

Total points

Your school’s temperature = ____ human rights degrees
Possible temperature = 100 human rights degrees

(OHCHR, ABC – Teaching Human Rights, Ch.3)
http://www.ohchr.org/english/about/publications/docs/abc-ch3.pdf )

Space for your ideas!

Take the human rights temperature of your school!

f
Where to find information
on the European Union

Gateway to the European Union
www.europa.eu
The official website of the European Union

Easy-reading corner
http://ec.europa.eu/publications/index_en.htm
Here you will find booklets that explain, as simply as possible, what the European Union
is and what it does. You can also find maps, posters and postcards and booklets about the
EU for young people.

European Youth Portal
http://europa.eu/youth/
Very useful links for studying, working, volunteering and exchange programmes for
young people.

Eurodesk
www.eurodesk.org
Fast access to EU information, especially about the European programmes and
possibilities relevant to young people.

The EU in your country
http://www.europa.eu/euinyourcountry/index_en.htm
Links to European Commission representations, European Parliament information
offices, your MEPs and information networks in your country.

Europa GO!
http://www.europa.eu/europago/welcome.jsp
Discover more about your neighbours with interactive games that will put your
knowledge and dexterity to test.

European Youth Week
http://www.youthweek.eu/
Youth in action! Information about youth activities that take place at the European,
national, regional and local level.

Europe Direct
http://ec.europa.eu/europedirect/
General information about EU matters in any of the official EU languages. Advice to help
you overcome practical problems with exercising your rights in Europe. Contact details of
relevant organisations you may need to deal with.

European Youth Card Association
www.eyca.org
The European Youth Card Association promotes youth mobility and information for
young people up to the age of 26 through the issuing of the EURO<26 cards.

Intergovernmental Organisations –
Relevant bodies and core international
human rights instruments
Council of Europe (CoE)
Relevant Bodies
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI)
www.coe.int/ecri/

c
European Court of Human Rights
http://www.echr.coe.int/echr/
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT)
www.cpt.coe.int

Relevant Documents
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950),
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/005.htm
European Social Charter (1961, revised 1996)
http://www.coe.int/T/E/Human_Rights/Esc/

Programmes/Initiatives
All Different, All Equal http://alldifferent-allequal.info/

European Union (EU)
Relevant Bodies
EU Commission
http://ec.europa.eu/
EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) –
former European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC)
http://fra.europa.eu

Relevant Documents
Treaty of Amsterdam, Article 13
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/treaties/dat/amsterdam.html
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (2000, politically binding)
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf
Racial Equality Directive 2000/43/EC (2000)
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/legisln/2000_43_en.pdf
Employment Equality Directive 2000/78/EC (2000)
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/legisln/2000_78_en.pdf
Framework Decision on Racism and Xenophobia (2007)
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/misc/93739.pdf

PROGRESS - Community Action Programme to combat discrimination 2001-2006
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/policy/proga_en.htm

EQUAL
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/equal/index_en.cfm
2007 – European Year of Equal Opportunities for All
http://equality2007.europa.eu

The Organisation for Security and

n
Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Relevant Bodies
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
http://www.osce.org/odihr/
High Commissioner on National Minorities
http://www.osce.org/hcnm/

Relevant Documents
Helsinki Final Act (1975)
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/1975/08/4044_en.pdf
Charter of Paris for a New Europe (1990)
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/1990/11/4045_en.pdf

Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Programme
http://www.osce.org/activities/13539.html

United Nations (UN)
Relevant Bodies
Human Rights Committee (HRC)
http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/index.htm
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/index.htm
Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related
Intolerance
http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/rapporteur/
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/
Committee against Torture (CAT)
http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/index.htm

Relevant Documents
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/index.htm
UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education (1960)
http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/DISCRI_E.PDF
International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination (1965)
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/d_icerd.htm
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm
Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979)
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/cedaw.htm
Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment (1984)
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_cat39.htm

Member States of

Austria Denmark Greece
Year of EU entry: 1995 Year of EU entry: 1973 Year of EU entry: 1981
Political system: Federal republic Political system: Constitutional monarchy Political system: Republic
Capital city: Vienna Capital city: Copenhagen Capital city: Athens
Total area: 3 858 km² Total area: 43 094 km² Total area: 131 957 km²
Population: 8.3 million Population: 5.4 million Population: 11.1 million
Currency: euro Currency: Danish krone Currency: euro
Official EU language: German Official EU language: Danish Official EU language: Greek

Belgium Estonia Hungary
Year of EU entry: Founding member Year of EU entry: 2004 Year of EU entry: 2004
Political system: Constitutional monarchy Political system: Republic Political system: Republic
Capital city: Brussels Capital city: Tallinn Capital city: Budapest
Currency: euro Currency: Estonian kroon Currency: Forint
Official EU languages: French, Dutch, Official EU language: Estonian Official EU language: Hungarian
German

Bulgaria Finland Ireland
Political system: Republic Political system: Republic Political system: Republic
Capital city: Sofia Capital city: Helsinki Capital city: Dublin
Currency: Lev Currency: euro Currency: euro
Official EU language: Bulgarian Official EU languages: Finnish, Swedish Official EU language: English

Cyprus France Italy
Year of EU entry: 2004 Year of EU entry: Founding member Year of EU entry: Founding member
Political system: Republic Political system: Republic Political system: Republic
Capital city: Nicosia Capital city: Paris Capital city: Rome
Currency: Cyprus pound Currency: euro Currency: euro
Official EU languages: Greek, English Official EU language: French Official EU language: Italian

Czech Republic Germany Latvia
Year of EU entry: 2004 Year of EU entry: Founding member Year of EU entry: 2004
Political system: Republic Political system: Federal republic Political system: Republic
Capital city: Prague Capital city: Berlin Capital city: Riga
Currency: Czech koruna Currency: euro Currency: Lats
Official EU language: Czech Official EU language: German Official EU language: Latvian

Lithuania
Year of EU entry: 2004
Political system: Republic
Capital city: Vilnius

Poland
f27
Capital city: Warsaw

Slovenia
Capital city: Ljubljana
Population: 3.4 million Population: 38.1 million Population: 2 million
Currency: Litas Currency: Zloty Currency: euro
Official EU language: Lithuanian Official EU language: Polish Official EU language: Slovenian

Luxembourg Portugal Spain
Political system: Constitutional monarchy Political system: Republic Political system: Constitutional monarchy
Capital city: Luxembourg Capital city: Lisbon Capital city: Madrid
Currency: euro Currency: euro Currency: euro
Official EU languages: French, German Official EU language: Portuguese Official EU language: Spanish

Malta Romania Sweden
Political system: Republic Political system: Republic Political system: Constitutional monarchy
Capital city: Valletta Capital city: Bucharest Capital city: Stockholm
Total area: 316 km² Total area: 238 000 km² Total area: 450 000 km²
Currency: Maltese lira Currency: Leu Currency: Swedish krona
Official EU languages: Maltese, English Official EU language: Romanian Official EU language: Swedish

Netherlands Slovakia United Kingdom
Political system: Constitutional monarchy Political system: Republic Political system: Constitutional monarchy
Capital city: Amsterdam Capital city: Bratislava Capital city: London
Currency: euro Currency: Slovak koruna Currency: Pound sterling
Official EU language: Dutch Official EU language: Slovak Official EU language: English

the European Union
(http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/index_en.htm)

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