Seamless and Secured wide Fidelity enhancement in moving vehicles Using Eeack Technique

International journal of scientific and technical research in engineering (IJSTRE)
www.ijstre.com Volume 1 Issue 2 ǁ May 2016.
Manuscript id. 371428215 www.ijstre.com Page 1
Seamless and Secured wide Fidelity enhancement in moving
vehicles Using Eeack Technique
M Lavanya #,M Selvaraj^.
#Student, ME-Communication Systems, Valliammai Engineering College, Chennai. India
lavan21192@gmail.com
^Assistant Professor, Deptof ECE,Valliammai Engineering College, Chennai. India
selvaraj2k7@gmail.com
Abstract—Packet transmission is the main important task in present days, because in wireless networks every
time topology construction was changed dynamically then transmission is mostly important task in those
situations. This process will be done unnecessary users or nodes enter into wireless networks based on their geo
information and then they are accessing services of the other nodes. Traditionally propose simple yet effective
scheme, which can identify misbehaving forwarders that drop or modify packets. Extensive analysis and
simulations have been conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the scheme. This schema effectively
detect dropped packets from misbehaving users but dynamic changes of the topology in wireless networks less
communication process can be done wireless networks. In this paper we propose to develop Enhanced Adaptive
Acknowledgement specially designed for wireless networks. EEACK demonstrates higher malicious- behavior-
detection rates in certain circumstances while does not greatly affect the network performances
Index Terms—EAACK Detection, Internet Access, MANET, WiFi.
I. Introduction
MANET is sensitive to malicious or dangerous attacks because of its open medium wide distribution of
nodes. MANET is divided into two different types single hop network and multi-hope Network in single hope
network all nodes are in a same radio range that directly communicate with one another. In multi hop network if
the desired node is far away from its radio range area then nodes relay on other neighboring or intermediate
nodes to transmit their data. At the time of transferring data some of the routing protocols in MANET assume
that nodes in network will corporate to each other while forwarding data packets to another nodes. But in
intermediate or neighboring nodes may occur several critical problems such as it can extract useful information
packets, cannot forward packets or may modify the contents of packets during the data transmission session.
These type of nodes are known as misbehavior nodes or misbehaving nodes.
MANET was used for mainly for Military application but in now a days mostly new usage like search and
rescue mission , information collection, virtual classes and conference where computer, laptop, Personal Digital
Assistant(PDA),some mobile devices which are wireless communication .MANET is unprotected based on the
basic characteristics, like changing topology, open channel, absence of structure , compact power supply and
measurability. Because of some open channel and some remote distribution area of MANET make it
unprotected to different types of attacks. Using cryptography which are protected by provide authentication to
all routing control packets, because of the outsider attacker does not participate
in this route discovery process. In that MANET nodes are very easy to get capture and hence, a malicious node
holds the valid key can be prevented from participating in the route discovery process so this type of inside
attackers can be blocked by using Intrusion Detection System (IDS).
There are two scenarios concerning topology in MANET. First, single-hop network where nodes within the
radio communication range can directly communicate with each other; Second, Multi-hop network where nodes
outside each the range must depend on some other nodes to relay messages. Thus acting like a Router to relay
messages to other nodes outside each others range have to rely on some other nodes to relay messages.
Due to the transparency of wireless networks, they are especially vulnerable to spoofing attacks where an
attacker falsifies its identity to masquerade as another device, or even creates multiple illegal identities.
Spoofing attacks are a serious threat as they represent a form of identity compromise and can facilitate a variety
of traffic injection attacks, such as DoS attacks. It is thus desirable to detect the presence of spoofing and
remove them from the network [6] [7].
II. Architecture of The system
EAACK having three major components, these are ACK, secure ACK and Lease Report Authentication.

Seamless and Secured wide Fidelity enhancement in moving vehicles Using Eeack Technique
Fig.1. Two APs within the transmission range of the client.
Due to the limitations of most of MANET routing rules, nodes MANET are reluctant on other nodes
cooperation to relay data. This dependency facilitates an attacker opportunity to have its impact on network by
compromising one or more nodes tackle this problem, it arises the need of enhancing the security level of
MANETs.
A. WATCHDOG SCHEME
Watchdog was designed to improve the throughput of network with the existence of malicious node. It works
for detecting malicious node by constantly listening to its next hop transmission. If the next hop fails to relay the
packet ahead within certain period of time, it results in increment of failure counter.
Furthermore, if failure counter exceeds a specific threshold value, it reports network as misbehaving.
Watchdog scheme fails in the following:
a. ambiguous collisions
b. receivers collisions
c. limited transmission power
d. false misbehaviour report
e. partial dropping[3]
Fig.2. Watchdog Scheme
B. Two ACK Scheme
TWOACK [4]is neither an enhancement nor a Watch-dog based scheme. Aiming to resolve the receiver
collision and limited transmission power problems of Watch-dog, TWOACK detects misbehaving links by
acknowledging every data packets transmitted over each three consecutive nodes along the path from the source
to the destination. Upon retrieval of a packet, each node along the route is required to send back an
acknowledgement packet to the node that is two hops away from it down the route. TWOACK is required to
work on routing protocols such as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). The working process of TWOACK is
Fig.3. TWOACK scheme
Demonstrated in the figure.3 , node a first forwards packet 1 to node B, and then node B forwards Packet 1 to
nodeC. When node C receives Packet 1, as it is two hops away from node A, node C is obliged to generate a
TWOACK packet, which contains reverse route from node A to node C, and sends it back to node A. The
retrieval of this TWOACK packet at node A indicates the transmission of Packet 1 from node A to node C is
successful. Other-wise, if this TWOACK packet is not received in a prede-fined time period, both nodes B and
C are reported as mali-cious. TWOACK scheme successfully solves the receiver collision and limited

transmission power problems posed by Watchdog. However, the acknowledgement process required in every
packet transmission process added a
significant amount of unwanted network overhead. Due to the limited battery power nature of MANETs, such
redundant transmission process can easily degrade the life span of the entire network.
C. ACK SCHEME
It is a hybrid scheme which uses TWOACK for acknowledgement. AACK is acknowledgement based net-
work layer scheme which consists a combination of schemes called TACK (similar to TWOAACK) and end-to-
end acknowledgement scheme called Acknowledgement. Compared to TWOACK, AACK significantly reduces
net-work overhead, while still able to maintain or even out- shine the same network throughput[5]. In AACK,
first the data transmit from source to destination.
When the destination receives a packet it is required to send back an acknowledgement packet to source in
the reverse route of the data packet.
Fig.4. ACK scheme
Within the specified time period if the source receives the acknowledgement packet, then the packet
transmission is successfully. Otherwise, the source will switch to TACK scheme by sending a TACK packet.
This hybrid scheme greatly reduces network traffic but is still unable to cope up with false misbehavior report
and forged acknowledgement.
III System Description
ACK is nothing but an end to end acknowledgment scheme. It acts as a crossbreed scheme in EEAACK.
When there are no misbehaving nodes the transmission from source to destination is successful. Then
destination sends an acknowledgement packet to source within predefined time constraint, otherwise source will
switch to S-ACK mode [12].
B. Secured Acknowledgement Process
Source sends S-ACK packet in the intention of detecting misbehaving nodes in the route. S-ACK sends
acknowledgment back to source after the packet reaches consecutive three nodes ahead the route. The third node
Required to send a S-ACK acknowledgement to first node. S-ACK mode facilitates easy detection of
misbehaving nodes in the presence of receiver collision and limited power for transmission [12]. N1, N2, N3 are
three consecutive nodes. N1 sends S-ACK data packet to N2 which is next in the route and N2 relays it to N3
When N3 receives the S-ACK data packet it acknowledges N2 with S-ACK acknowledgement packet and N2
acknowledge back to N1.
Fig.5. S-ACK scheme
If N1 doesn‟t receive the acknowledgement within a particular time it will report N2, N3 as malicious nodes
by generating a misbehavior report. This misbehavior report is sent back to the Source. To validate this report
the source switches itself to MRA mode.
C. MRA

Misbehavior Report Analysis (MRA)[12] is a scheme to confirm misbehavior report generated in S-ACK
mode. This report may be a false one as attacker may interfere in S-ACK scheme generating a false misbehavior
report. As a result, this may cause destruction of network by compromising guiltless nodes.
In MRA the source will check with the destination whether the destination node have received the missing
packet through a different route. MRA mode is initiated by checking local knowledge base of sender for getting
al-tentative route to destination; otherwise source uses Dynamic Source Routing method for alternative route.
Once the destination gets the MRA packet, it compares the MRA packet with the local knowledge base to verify
if the re-ported packet was received by it. If received, then it in-forms the source that the misbehavior report is
false else it is considered as a legitimate report.
D. Digital Signature
All the above schemes are based on acknowledgement. These acknowledgements could be doubtful and
must be checked for their rightfulness. We use digital signature in order to maintain integrity of the system. If
we don‟t use digital signature the above discussed 3 schemes will be de-fenceless. We can use DSA or RSA
algorithms to implement digital signature schemes is shown in the below figure.
Fig.6. Detection Scheme
IV Simulation Tool
NS (version 2) is an object-oriented, discrete event driven network simulator developed at UC Berkely
written in C++ and OTCL. NS is primarily useful for simulating local and wide area networks. Although NS is
fairly easy to use once you get to know the simulator, it is quite difficult for a first time user, because there are
few user-friendly manuals. Even though there is a lot of documentation written by the developers which has in
depth explanation of the simulator, it is written with the depth of a skilled NS user. The purpose of this project is
to give a new user some basic idea of how the simulator works, how to setup simulation networks, where to look
for further information about network components in simulator codes, how to create new network components,
etc., mainly by giving simple examples and brief explanations based on our experiences. Although all the usage
of the simulator or possible network simulation setups may not be covered in this project, the project should
help a new user to get started quickly NS is an event driven network simulator developed at UC Berkeley that
simulates variety of IP networks.
It implements network protocols such as TCP and UPD, traffic source behavior such as FTP, Telnet, Web, CBR
and VBR, router queue management mechanism such as Drop Tail, RED and CBQ, routing algorithms such as
Dijkstra, and more. NS also implements multicasting and some of the MAC layer protocols for LAN
simulations.
As shown in Figure in a simplified view, NS is Object-oriented Tcl (OTCL) script interpreter that has a
simulation event scheduler and network component object libraries, and network setup (plumbing) module

libraries (actually, plumbing modules are implemented as member functions of the base simulator object). In
other words, to use NS, you program in OTCL script language. To setup and run a simulation network, a user
should write an OTCL script that initiates an event scheduler, sets up the network topology using the network
objects and the plumbing functions in the library, and tells traffic sources when to start and stop transmitting
packets through the event scheduler.
Fig.7. C++ and OTCL: The Duality
NS is written not only in OTCL but in C++ also. For efficiency reason, NS separates the data path
implementation from control path implementations. In order to reduce packet and event processing time (not
simulation time), the event scheduler and the basic network component objects in the data path are written and
compiled using C++. These compiled objects are made available to the OTCL interpreter through an OTCL
linkage that creates a matching OTCL object for each of the C++ objects and makes the control functions and
the configurable variables specified by the C++ object act as member functions and member variables of the
corresponding OTCL object. In this way, the controls of the C++ objects are given to OTCL. It is also possible
to add member functions and variables to a C++ linked OTCL object. The objects in C++ that do not need to be
controlled in a simulation or internally used by another object do not need to be linked to OTCL. Likewise, an
object (not in the data path) can be entirely implemented in OTCL.
Figure 8 shows the general architecture of NS. In this figure a general user (not an NS developer) can be thought
of standing at the left bottom corner, designing and running simulations in Tcl using the simulator objects in the
OTcl
library. The event schedulers and most of the network components are implemented in C++ and available to
OTcl through an OTcl linkage that is implemented using tclcl. The whole thing together makes NS, which is a
OO extended Tcl interpreter with network simulator libraries. This section briefly examined the general
structure and
architecture of NS. At this point, one might be wondering about how to obtain NS simulation results. As shown
in Figure 7, when a simulation is finished, NS produces one or more text-based output files that contain detailed
simulation data, if specified to do so in the input Tcl (or more specifically, OTcl) script. The data can be used
for
simulation analysis (two simulation result analysis examples are presented in later sections) or as an input to a
graphical simulation display tool called Network Animator (NAM) . NAM has a nice graphical user interface
similar to that of a CD player (play, fast forward, rewind, pause and so on), and also has a display speed
controller.
Furthermore, it can graphically present information such as throughput and number of packet drops at each link,
although the graphical information cannot be used for accurate simulation analysis.
Network simulator (NS) is an object–oriented, discrete event simulator for networking research. NS provides
substantial support for simulation of TCP, routing and multicast protocols over wired and wireless networks.
The simulator is a result of an ongoing effort of research and developed. Even though there is a considerable
confidence in NS, it is not a polished product yet and bugs are being discovered and corrected continuously. On
the other hand, one disadvantage is that modifying and extending the simulator requires programming and
debugging in both languages.
NS can simulate the following:
1) Topology: Wired, wireless
2) Sheduling Algorithms: RED, Drop Tail,
3) Transport Protocols: TCP, UDP
4) Routing: Static and dynamic routing

5) Application: FTP, HTTP, Telnet, Traffic generators.
Trace analysis. Running the TCL script generates a NAM trace file that is going to be used as an input to
NAM and a trace file called “out.tr”.
Fig.8. Architectural View of NS
that will be used for our simulation analysis. Figure shows the trace format and example trace DATA
from”;out.tr”. Where each line in trace file represents an event associated to a packet.
V. Simulation Results
Now a day, WIFI hotspots are deployed widely and densely in many cities and the trend continues. Compared
with cellular networks, WIFI has obvious advantages: lower cost and higher peak throughput. Thus, WIFI is
considered as a suitable solution for cellular traffic offloading. However, it is still challenging to provide WIFI -
based Internet access for users in moving vehicles. The above problems solve our proposed system concept. To
support seamless and efficient WIFI-based Internet access for moving vehicles. It consists of innovative
protocols in both uplink and downlink. Seamless roaming of clients was gracefully achieved, while channel
utilization efficiency was dramatically improved.
Will prove high performance of compared to existing system.This work presents a coexistence study between
DVB-T2 broadcasting services and IEEE 802.11p transmissions in the UHF TV channels in urban
environments. A first measurement series allowed assessing the maximum transmission power level of an IEEE
802.11p signal while assuring the integrity of the DTT services for the typical MFN and
SFN operation modes of a real DVB-T2 broadcasting network. To assure the protection of the DTT systems
the reception quality was quantified assuming the absence of a picture failure during a minimum observation
time of 30 seconds.The results obtained for the investigated DVB-T2 transmission modes suggest that the effect
of the 802.11p adjacent interference changes with its configuration. For the tested DVB-T2 receiver the worst
operative case has been considered. The 802.11p interfering signal was initially set to a power level of -20 dB
below the sensibility of the tested receiver and then adjusted at the output of the SDR board to achieve the
required degradation (PF point) of the received and decoded TV signal.
Fig.9. Nodes Deployed Fig.10. Coverage Area Analysis

Fig Backhaul Implementation
Fig.11. Acknowledgement Process
Fig.12. Secured Acknowledgement Process
Fig.13. Misbehavior Report Authentication Process
Fig .14. Packet Drop Comparison Graph
Fig.15. Throughput Comparison Graph
Fig.16. Packet Delay Ratio Comparison Graph
VI . Conclusion
Compared with cellular networks, WIFI has obvious advantages: lower cost and higher peak throughput.

Thus, WIFI is considered as a suitable solution for cellular traffic offloading. However, it is still
challenging to provide WIFI -based Internet access for users in moving vehicles. The above problems solve our
proposed system concept. To support seamless and efficient WIFI-based Internet access for moving vehicles. It
consists of innovative protocols in both uplink and downlink. Seamless roaming of clients was gracefully
achieved, while channel utilization efficiency was dramatically improved. Will prove Secure Seamless Wi-Fi
Enhancement in Dynamic Vehicle is high performance of compared to existing system.
Ad-hoc On- Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic source Routing(DSR) which are works for
less count of host. When the network is larger, then clustering of hosts and also using distinct algorithm like
routing algorithms between and within cluster can be a better solution. The main aim behind this approach is
location property. If topology within cluster is change, then only those nodes are get inform which are present in
cluster.
This approach hides all the small details in cluster. From time to time basis each and every node within a
cluster gets some information about the topology.To make sure the purity of the IDS, in EEACK needs all
acknowledgement packets should be digitally signed ahead they are send out and documented tillthose are
received. The requirement of the more resources which are needed in MANET for accomplishing the digital
signature. To achieve this goal we have carried out both DSA, RSA digital signature strategy in this planned
approach. The aim is to detect maximum appropriate clarification by applying digital signature in this MANETs
system.
Acknowledgement
We thank SRM Valliammai Engineering College for providing research resource to complete the task
successfully.
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