The document discusses present and future challenges for securities trading. It notes that trading problems remain around expanding revenues while minimizing costs, ensuring risk compliance, and processing transactions efficiently. Market trends are impacting business models, requiring firms to either grow their service offerings or focus and outsource. Regulation is increasing the importance of legal advisors. Products and channels are evolving, like the growth of bonds and online retail trading. IT is a key driver of change, around areas like algorithmic trading and data integration. In conclusion, the fundamental challenges remain the same but securities markets are maturing amid efficiency gains from technology and regulation. Firms must grow or specialize their activities as traditional roles are outcompeted.