Semantic Web

Semantic Web Background and Updates 5th May, 2008

Agenda Background What is Semantic Web Approach for archiving Semantic Web News and Demo

What is Semantic Web? Making data meaningful(processable) for machine Discovering related data Extract hidden information from available data Data Portability is important

Approach for archiving Semantic Web Top Down - natural language parsing Bottom up - markup language (RDF, microformats)

The W3C way: RDF - Resource Description Framework a framework for defining triples of subject, predicate and object RDFS - RDF Schema define vocabularies for provding structure to RDF resource OWL - Web Ontology Language reason about classes and individuals defined by RDFS and RDF SPARQL - SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language an RDF query language

The more realistic way Microformats -adding class to HTML elements microformats hCard like: ... <div class="vcard"> <a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a> </div> ... which is just showing: ... Tantek Çelik ... in the browser.

Some microformats hCalendar hCard rel-license rel-nofollow rel-tag VoteLinks XFN XHTML friend network XMDP XOXO Extensible Open XHTML Outlines adr - for marking up address information geo - for marking up geographic coordinates hAtom - syndicating episodic content hResume - for publishing resumes and CVs hReview rel-directory - to indicate that the destination of a hyperlink is a directory listing containing an entry for the current page rel-enclosure - for indicating attachments (e.g. files) to download and cache rel-home - indicate a hyperlink to the homepage of the site rel-payment - indicate a payment mechanism robots exclusion xFolk

News Yahoo Open Search Platform - SearchMonkey (Mar 2008)

News Facebook, Google , and Digg joined DataPortability Workgroup

News Reuters launched Open Calais An API does a semantic markup on unstructured HTML documents. By natural language processing engine and massive hard coded, learning database

News and Demo Google launch Social Graph API an API for querying social data on the web which use XFN(microformats) and FOAF(RDF) http://code.google.com/apis/socialgraph/docs/examples.html demo

News and Demo Firefox 3 support microformats A javascript API used to manipulate microformat on page Demo site with microformats: http://upcoming.yahoo.com/ http://digg.com/users/brad3378/friends/view http://www.technorati.com/search/editgrid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Coord Google map

Some problems... Will someone enter microformats in a blog!? Will company open data for public? little reason for web site owners to do that How about existing information?

Example - RDF <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="urn:x-states:New%20York"> <terms:alternative>NY</terms:alternative> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>

Example - OWL and RDFS <owl:Class rdf:ID="Wine"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&food;PotableLiquid"/> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#madeFromGrape"/> <owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="&xsd;nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:minCardinality> </owl:Restriction> </rdfs:subClassOf> ... </owl:Class>

Example - SPARQL PREFIX abc: <http://example.com/exampleOntology#> . SELECT ?capital ?country WHERE { ?x abc:cityname ?capital ; abc:isCapitalOf ?y. ?y abc:countryname ?country ; abc:isInContinent abc:Africa. }

Example - microformats hCalendar: <div class="vevent"> <a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">http://www.web2con.com/</a> <span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>: <abbr class="dtstart" title="2007-10-05">October 5</abbr>- <abbr class="dtend" title="2007-10-20">19</abbr>, at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span> </div> hCard: <span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred): <span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span> </span>

Example - microformats rel-license: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" rel="license">cc by 2.0</a> <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0" rel="license">Apache 2.0</a> rel-tag <a href="http://technorati.com/tag/tech" rel="tag">fish</a> VoteLinks: <a rev="vote-for" href="http://ragingcow.blogspot.com" title="neat spoof">Raging Cow</a> <a rev="vote-against" href="http://ragingcow.com" title="nasty corn syrup drink">Raging Cow</a> XFN: <a href="http://tanya.example.org" rel="friend met colleague" >...</a>

Example - microformats adr: <div class="adr"> <div class="street-address">665 3rd St.</div> <div class="extended-address">Suite 207</div> <span class="locality">San Francisco</span>, <span class="region">CA</span> <span class="postal-code">94107</span> <div class="country-name">U.S.A.</div> </div> geo: <div class="geo">GEO: <span class="latitude">37.386013</span>, <span class="longitude">-122.082932</span> </div>

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