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seminar
- 1. Mr. N. MahaVignesh, Founder and Director, Spacim (OPC) Pvt. Ltd.
- 2. ▪ Nanotechnology isthe study of manipulating matter on an atomic scale. ▪ Nanotechnology refers to the constructing and engineering of the functional systems at nano level or we can say at atomic level. ▪ A Nanometer is one billionth of a meter.
- 3. ▪ Ant –5 mm ▪ Flea – 1 mm ▪ Eye of Fly – 400 micro m
- 4. ▪ Red BloodCell – 8 micro m ▪ COVID 19 Virus – 50-140 nm ▪ DNA – 2 nm ▪ Nanoparticle – 1 -100 nm
- 5. HISTORY ▪ 2000 YearsAgo - Sulfide nanocrystals used by Greeks and Romans to dye hair ▪ 1000 Years Ago (Middle Ages) - Gold nanoparticles of different sizes used to produce different colors in stained glass windows of Medieval Church. ▪ 1959 - There is plenty of room at the bottom" by R. Feynman ▪ 1974 - "Nanotechnology” - Taniguchi uses the term nanotechnology for the first time ▪ 1981 - IBM develops Scanning Tunneling Microscope ▪ 1985 - “Buckyball” - Scientists at Rice University and University of Sussex discover Ceo ▪ 1986 - “Engines of Creation” - First book on nanotechnology byK. Eric Drexler. Atomic Force Microscope invented by Binnig, Quate and Gerbe ▪ 1989 - IBM logo made with individual atoms ▪ 1991 - Carbon nanotube discovered by S. lijima1999 - "Nanomedicine" - 1st nanomedicine book by R. Freitas ▪ 2000 – “National Nanotechnology Initiative" launched
- 7. As objects getsmaller they have a much greater surface area to volume ratio
- 8. SURFACE AREA TOVOLUME RATIO ▪ Cube Dimensions: ▪ L = 1 ▪ B = 1 ▪ H = 1 ▪ Cuboid Dimensions: ▪ L = 2 ▪ B = 1 ▪ H = 0.5
- 13. ▪ Double Slit Experiment ▪It can exist as particle and as wave at the same time.
- 19. ▪ Contains allmeasurable parameters. ▪ Probability distribution in three dimensional space. ▪ It is continuous. ▪ Sinusoidal. ▪ Uncertainty. ▪ 𝜓 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 𝜆 𝑥 − cot
- 20. TYPES OF NANOMATERIALS ▪Zero dimensional nanomaterial: all the dimensions are measured within the nanoscale (no dimensions are larger than 100 nm). Most commonly, 0D nanomaterials are nanoparticles. ▪ One-dimensional nanomaterial: one dimension is outside the nanoscale.This class includes nanotubes, nanorods, and nanowires. ▪ Two-dimensional nanomaterial: This type of material two dimensions are outside the nanoscale.This class exhibits plate-like shapes and includes graphene, nanofilms, nanolayers, and nanocoatings. ▪ Three-dimensional nanomaterial: That are not confined to the nanoscale in any dimension.This class can contain bulk powders, dispersions of nanoparticles, bundles of nanowires, and nanotubes as well as multi-nanolayers.
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- 27. QUANTUM CONFINEMENT ▪ Restrictions offlow of electrons. ▪ Zero Dimensional – No flow of electrons in all the three axis ▪ One Dimensional – Flow of electrons restricted in two directions ▪ Two Dimensional – Flow of electrons restricted in one direction ▪ Three Dimensional – No restrictions
- 29. Top Down BottomUp Advantages Large Scale Ultra fine Chemical purifications not required Controlled parameters Narrow Size distribution Cheaper Technique Disadvantage Varied particle shapes or geometry Large scale is difficult Varied size distribution Chemical purification is required Controlled parameters are difficult
- 30. Synthesis Top Down Approach Ball MillingEtching Grinding Bottom Up Approach Physical Method Evaporation Sputtering Laser Ablation Chemical Method Evaporation Self Assembly Sol-gel Co- precipitatio n Hydrotherm al Electrolytic Deposition
- 44. Entity characterized Characterizationtechniques suitable Size (structural properties) TEM, XRD, DLS, NTA, SAXS, HRTEM, SEM, AFM, EXAFS, FMR, DCS, ICP-MS, UV-Vis, MALDI, NMR,TRPS, EPLS, magnetic susceptibility Shape TEM, HRTEM, AFM, EPLS, FMR, 3D-tomography Elemental-chemical composition XRD, XPS, ICP-MS, ICP-OES, SEM-EDX, NMR, MFM, LEIS Crystal structure XRD, EXAFS, HRTEM, electron diffraction, STEM Size distribution DCS, DLS, SAXS, NTA, ICP-MS, FMR, superparamagnetic relaxometry, DTA,TRPS, SEM Chemical state–oxidation state XAS, EELS, XPS, Mössbauer Growth kinetics SAXS, NMR,TEM, cryo-TEM, liquid-TEM Ligand binding/composition/density/arrangement/mass, surface composition XPS, FTIR, NMR, SIMS, FMR,TGA, SANS Surface area, specific surface area BET, liquid NMR Surface charge Zeta potential, EPM Concentration ICP-MS, UV-Vis, RMM-MEMS, PTA, DCS,TRPS Agglomeration state Zeta potential, DLS, DCS, UV-Vis, SEM, Cryo-TEM,TEM Density DCS, RMM-MEMS Single particle properties Sp-ICP-MS, MFM, HRTEM, liquid TEM 3D visualization 3D-tomography, AFM, SEM Dispersion of NP in matrices/supports SEM, AFM,TEM Structural defects HRTEM, EBSD Detection of NPs TEM, SEM, STEM, EBSD, magnetic susceptibility Optical properties UV-Vis-NIR, PL, EELS-STEM Magnetic properties SQUID,VSM, Mössbauer, MFM, FMR, XMCD, magnetic susceptibility
- 45. Characterization Techniques Microscopy SEM TEM STMAFM Spectroscopy Raman UV Vis FTIR PL XPS
- 50. Ψ𝐴 = Ψ𝐵∗ 𝑒−𝑘.𝑑
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- 77. • Photolithography • NanoimprintLithography • E-Beam Lithography