ipv4 (internet protocol version 4)

Submitted To: Submitted By:
SANCHITA CHANDRAKAR
MCA 2nd SEM

Contents
 Introduction
 Ip address
 Need of ip address
 Structure of ip address
 Classes
 Subnet mask
 Types of ip address
 Benefits
 Limitation
 Conclusion

Introduction
 Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is an
address which is used to communicate with
other devices over the network.
 IP address is a unique 32-bit logical address
assigned to each device which is connected to a
network .

IP Address
 A unique address mostly used by computers to
communicate over a network that uses IP as its
basic protocol is known as IP address.
 an IP address is used to identify the devices in a
network.

Need of IP address
 IP address is the important key to find the
physical location of the particular computer
system.
 It works similar to the home address by the
identification of that anything reaches to
your house.

Ip structure
 IP address is a unique 32-bit logical address.
 each part divided into four octet.
 Each section can range from 0 to 255.
 Written for example 128.35.0.72 .
 First Octet Second Octet Third Octet Fourth Octet
128 35 0 72

IP Address
32 bits
NETWORK ADDRESS HOST ADDRESS
0 bits 31 bits
Structure of IP Address
Ip structure

Classes
IP address is divided into 5 classes:
 Class A
 Class B
 Class C
 Class D
 Class E

Class A
 Class a reserved for governments.
 Class A addresses are assigned to networks with a
very large number of hosts.
 The high-order bit in a class A address is always
set to “zero (0)”.
 Class A consists of 8-bit network ID and 24-bit host
ID.
 Class A will have 2^24-2=1,67,77,214 number of
host(IP) addresses and 128 network blocks.
 Class A has IP address range from 0.0.0.0 to
126.255.255.255.

Example of class A
Fig :Class A

Class B
 Class B addresses are assigned to medium-sized
networks.
 The two high-order bits in a class B address are
always set to binary “1 0”.
 Class B addresses consists of 16-bit network ID and
16-bit Host ID .
 Class B will have 216-2=65,634 number of host (IP)
addresses and 16,384 network blocks.
 Class B has IP address range from 128.0.0.0 to
191.255.255.255.

Example of class B
Fig: class B

Class C
 Class C addresses are used for small networks.
 The three high-order bits in a class C address are
always set to binary “1 1 0”.
 Class C addresses consists of 24-bit network ID
and 8-bit Host ID.
 Class C will have 28 -2=254 number of host
addresses and 20,97,152 network blocks.
 Class C has IP address range from 192.0.0.0 to
223.255.255.255.

Example of class C
Fig: class C

Class D
 Class D addresses are reserved for IP multicast
addresses.
 The four high-order bits in a class D address are
always set to binary “1 1 1 0”.
 Class D has IP address range from 224.0.0.0to
239.255.255.255.

Class E
 Class E is an experimental address that is
reserved for future use.
 Class D has IP address range from 240.0.0.0
to 255.255.255.255.
 The high-order bits in a class E address are
set to “1111”.

The selection of class is mostly based on the numbers of hosts
required by the organization as given in the Table:

Subnet Mask:
 A subnet mask specifies which part of an IP address is
reserved for the network, and which part is available
for host use.
 Subnet masks are frequently expressed in dotted
decimal notation.

Types of IP Address
 Unicast Address
 Multicast Address
 Broadcast Address

Unicast IP Address
 Unicast means one to one communication.
 When a data packet is sent from a single host,
unicast communication takes place.
Ex- you dialed some one's phone number and
only one person answered.

Multicast IP Address
 Multicast means one-to-many communication.
 When a data packet is sent from a group of hosts, a
multicast communication takes place.
 Multicast IP address is used from Class D IP
address.
Ex- A conference call.

Broadcast Address
 Broadcast addressing means one to all
communication.
 A Broadcast address is an IP address that allows a
data packet to be sent to all machines on a given
network, it is used in class B ip address.
Ex-Radio programs ,weather report .

ipv4 (internet protocol version 4)

Benefits of IPV4….
 Widely support.
 Shorter & Sweeter (header).
 Support of all Operating Systems.

Limitations of IPV4….
 Integrated security
○ ipv4 specification did not identify any security mechanism.
 Scalability
○ Quality of service concern.
 Exhaustion of ipv4 address space
○ Increase of ip enabled device.

Conclusion
 Ipv4 will still be available for long time .
 Now a days internet users are not only limited
with browsing and searching data so Ipv4
address space is getting scarce.

References
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4
 JETKING Networking Essentials Book.
 www.slideshere.net
 Google Images

ipv4 (internet protocol version 4)

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