2. INTRODUCTION
A network topology is the arrangement of a network, including its nodes and
connecting lines. There are two ways of defining network geometry: the physical
topology and the logical topology.
TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY
There are six types of network topology:
•Bus Topology
•Star Topology
•Ring Topology
•Mesh Topology
•Tree Topology
•Hybrid Topology
3. BUS TOPOLOGY
All nodes are connected to a single communication line that carries
messages in both directions.
4. ADVANTAGES
•Works well for small networks.
•Relatively inexpensive to implement.
•Easy to add to it.
DISADVANTAGES
•Management costs can be high.
•Potential for congestion with network traffic.
6. ADVANTAGES
•Easier to manage; easier to locate a defective node or cable
problem.
•Well-suited for transmitting signals over long distances on a LAN.
•Handles high-volume network traffic.
•Enables reliable communication.
DISADVANTAGES
•Expensive
•Requires more cable and network equipment at the start
•Not used as widely as bus topology
oFewer equipment options
oFewer options for expansion to high-speed communication
7. STAR TOPOLOGY
A configuration that centers around one node to which all others are
connected and through which all messages are sent.
8. ADVANTAGES
•Easy to connect new nodes or devices.
•Centralized management. It helps in monitoring the network.
•Failure of one node or link doesn’t affect the rest of network.
•At the same time its easy to detect the failure and troubleshoot it.
DISADVANTAGES
•Too much dependency on central device has its own drawbacks. If
it fails whole network goes down.
•The use of hub, a router or a switch as central device increases the
overall cost of the network.
•Performance and as well number of nodes which can be added in
such topology is depended on capacity of central device.
9. MESH TOPOLOGY
In a mesh topology each node is directly connected to some or all
other nodes present in the network. A fully connected mesh topology
have n(n-1)/2 linking channels.
10. ADVANTAGES
•Data can be transmitted from different devices simultaneously. This
topology can withstand high traffic.
•Even if one of the components fails there is always an alternative
present. So data transfer doesn’t get affected.
•Expansion and modification in topology can be done without
disrupting other nodes.
DISADVANTAGES
•There are high chances of redundancy in many of the network
connections.
•Overall cost of this network is way too high as compared to other
network topologies.
•Set-up and maintenance of this topology is very difficult. Even
administration of the network is tough.
12. ADVANTAGES
•It is an extension of Star and bus Topologies, so in networks where
these topologies can't be implemented individually for reasons
related to scalability, tree topology is the best alternative.
•Error detection and correction is easy.
•Each segment is provided with dedicated point-to-point wiring to
the central hub.
•If one segment is damaged, other segments are not affected.
DISADVANTAGES
•Because of its basic structure, tree topology, relies heavily on the
main bus cable, if it breaks whole network is crippled.
•As more and more nodes and segments are added, the
maintenance becomes difficult.
•Scalability of the network depends on the type of cable used.
13. HYBRID TOPOLOGY
A network which contain all type of physical structure and
connected under a single backbone channel.
14. ADVANTAGES:
•Very reliable and easy to detect the Faulty system.
•Troubleshooting is easy.
•It includes both wired and wireless network.
•It is an expandable network.
DISADVANTAGES
•Its design is difficult to understand.
•The cost of this network design is high, because of the requirement
of a lot of cables, cooling systems, etc.
•MAU ( Multi-station Access Unit) is required.
15. NETWORK PROTOCOLS
• TCP/IP: Core protocol for the Internet
• HTTP/HTTPS: Used for web browsing
• FTP: Used for file transfers
• SMTP/POP3/IMAP: Used for email
communication
16. REFERENCES & ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• Wikipedia - https://www.wikipedia.org/
• Cisco Networking Academy -
https://www.netacad.com/
• IEEE Journals on Networking -
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
• Tutorials Point -
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/
17. CONCLUSION
The Network of Topology differs form place to place. But how ever,
all of them have their advantages & Disadvantages. If the server
Problem occurs or Server gets down, then topology faces its failure.
Understanding of Computer Network Topology is fundamental to
any network analysis effort, and may prevent wasted effort in the
pursuit of less productive analysis approaches.
18. BIBLIOGRAPHY
•Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communications and Networking, Fourth
Edition.
•https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/network-topology
•https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/network-topologies-computer-
networks/
