3d television

3D TELEVISION
SEMINAR REPORT FOR SESSION
2014-2015
SUBMITTED BY:
ISHTDEEP SINGH HORA
1

Acknowledgement
Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any seminar report depends largely
on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to
express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the
successful completion of this report.
I would like to show my greatest appreciation to -----------. I can’t say thank
you enough for his tremendous support and help. I feel motivated and
encouraged every time I attend his meeting. Without his encouragement and
guidance this report would not have materialized.
The guidance and support received from all the members who contributed and
who are contributing to this report, was vital for the success of the report. I am
grateful for their constant support and help.
2

Contents
S.No. Topic discussed Pages(from – to)
1. Introduction 4
2. History 4-6
3. Producing technologies 6-8
4. TV Ready Sets 8-9
5. Standardization Efforts 9-11
6. 3D Channels 12-22
7. Conclusion 23
8. References 24
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INTRODUCTION
3D television (3DTV) is television that conveys perceptions the viewer by employing
techniques such as stereoscopic display, multi-view display, 2D-plus-depth, or any
other form of 3D display. Most modern 3D television sets use an active shutter 3D
system or a polarized 3D system, and some are auto stereoscopic without the need of
glasses.
According to Display Search 3D televisions shipments totaled 41.45 million units in
2012, compared with 24.14 in 2011 and 2.26 in 2010. As of late 2013 the number of
3D TV viewers started to decline.
History
The stereoscope was first invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1838. It showed that
when two pictures are viewed stereoscopically, they are combined by the brain to
produce 3D depth perception. The stereoscope was improved by Louis Jules Duboscq,
and a famous picture of Queen Victoria was displayed at The Great Exhibition in
1851. In 1855 theKinematoscope was invented. In the late 1890s, the British film
pioneer William Friese-Greene filed a patent for a 3D movie process. On 10 June
1915, former Edison Studios chief director Edwin S. Porter and William E. Waddell
presented tests in red-green anaglyph to an audience at the Astor Theater in New York
City and in 1922 the first public 3D movie The Power of Love was displayed.
Stereoscopic 3D television was demonstrated for the first time on 10 August 1928,
by John Logier Baird in his company's premises at 133 Long Acre, London. Baird
pioneered a variety of 3D television systems using electro-mechanical and cathode-ray
tube techniques. The first 3D TV was produced it 1935. By the Second World War,
stereoscopic 3D still cameras for personal use were already fairly common. In the
1950s, when TV became popular in the United States, many 3D movies were
4

produced for cinema. The first such movie was Bwana Devil from United Artists that
could be seen all across the US in 1952. One year later, in 1953, came the 3D
movie House of Wax which also featured sound. Alfred produced his film Dial M for
Murder in 3D, but for the purpose of maximizing profits the movie was released in 2D
because not all cinemas were able to display 3D films. In 1946 the Soviet Union also
developed 3D films, with Robinson being its first full-length 3D movie.
Technologies
There are several techniques to produce and display 3D moving pictures. The
following are some of the technical details and methodologies employed in some of
the more notable 3D movie systems that have been developed.
The future of 3D television is also emerging as time progresses. New technology like
WindowWalls (wall-size displays) and Visible are being implemented into 3D
television as the demand for 3D TV increases. Scott Birnbaum, vice president of
Samsung's LCD business, says that the demand for 3D TV will skyrocket in the next
couple of years, fueled by televised sports. One might be able to obtain information
directly onto their television due to new technologies like the Visible Light
Communication that allows for this to happen because the LED lights transmit
information by flickering at high frequencies.
Displaying technologies
The basic requirement is to display offset images that are filtered separately to the left
and right eye. Two strategies have been used to accomplish this: have the viewer wear
eyeglasses to filter the separately offset images to each eye, or have the light source
split the images directionally into the viewer's eyes (no glasses required). Common 3D
display technology for projecting stereoscopic image pairs to the viewer include:
 With filters/lenses:
 Anaglyph 3D - with passive color filters
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 Polarized 3D system - with passive polarization filters
 Active shutter 3D system - with active shutters
 Head-mounted display - with a separate display positioned in front of each
eye, and lenses used primarily to relax eye focus
 Without lenses: Autostereoscopic displays, sometimes referred to commercially
as Auto 3D.
 Others:
In a CEATEC 2011 exhibition, Hitachi released glasses-free 3D projection systems
that use a set of 24 projectors, lenses, and translucent half mirrors to superimpose 3D
images with a horizontal viewing angle of 60 degrees and a vertical viewing angle of
30 degrees. Besides Hitachi, Sony is also working on similar technologies.
Single-view displays project only one stereo pair at a time. Multi-view displays either
use head tracking to change the view depending on the viewing angle, or simultaneous
projection of multiple independent views of a scene for multiple viewers
(automultiscopic). Such multiple views can be created on the fly using the 2D-plus-
depth format.
Various other display techniques have been described, such as holography, volumetric
display, and the Pulfrich effect; which was used in Doctor Who Dimensions in Time,
in 1993, by 3rd Rock From The Sun in 1997, and by the Discovery Channel's Shark
Week in 2000.
Producing technologies
Stereoscopy is the most widely accepted method for capturing and delivering 3D
video. It involves capturing stereo pairs in a two-view setup, with cameras mounted
side by side and separated by the same distance as is between a person's pupils. If we
imagine projecting an object point in a scene along the line-of-sight for each eye, in
turn; to a flat background screen, we may describe the location of this point
6

mathematically using simple algebra. In rectangular coordinates with the screen lying
in the Y-Z plane, with the Z axis upward and the Y axis to the right, with the viewer
centered along the X axis; we find that the screen coordinates are simply the sum of
two terms. One accounting for perspective and the other for binocular shift.
Perspective modifies the Z and Y coordinates of the object point, by a factor of D/(D-
x), while binocular shift contributes an additional term (to the Y coordinate only) of
s*x/(2*(D-x)), where D is the distance from the selected system origin to the viewer
(right between the eyes), s is the eye separation (about 7 centimeters), and x is the true
x coordinate of the object point. The binocular shift is positive for the left-eye-view
and negative for the right-eye-view. For very distant object points, it is obvious that
the eyes will be looking along essentially the same line of sight. For very near objects,
the eyes may become excessively "cross-eyed". However, for scenes in the greater
portion of the field of view, a realistic image is readily achieved by superposition of
the left and right images (using the polarization method or synchronized shutter-lens
method) provided the viewer is not too near the screen and the left and right images
are correctly positioned on the screen. Digital technology has largely eliminated
inaccurate superposition that was a common problem during the era of traditional
stereoscopic films.
Multi-view capture uses arrays of many cameras to capture a 3D scene through
multiple independent video streams.Plenoptic cameras, which capture the light field of
a scene, can also be used to capture multiple views with a single main lens.
[16]
Depending on the camera setup, the resulting views can either be displayed on
multi-view displays, or passed along for further image processing.
After capture, stereo or multi-view image data can be processed to extract 2D plus
depth information for each view, effectively creating a device-independent
representation of the original 3D scene. These data can be used to aid inter-view
image compression or to generate stereoscopic pairs for multiple different view angles
and screen sizes.
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2D plus depth processing can be used to recreate 3D scenes even from a single view
and convert legacy film and video material to a 3D look, though a convincing effect is
harder to achieve and the resulting image will likely look like a cardboard miniature.
3D production
Production of events such as live sports broadcasts in 3D differs from the methods
used for 2D broadcasting. A high technical standard must be maintained because any
mismatch in color, alignment, or focus between two cameras may destroy the 3D
effect or produce discomfort in the viewer. Zoom lenses for each camera of a stereo
pair must track over their full range of focal lengths.
Addition of graphical elements (such as a scoreboard, timers, or logos) to a 3D picture
must place the synthesized elements at a suitable depth within the frame, so that
viewers can comfortably view the added elements as well as the main picture. This
requires more powerful computers to calculate the correct appearance of the graphical
elements. For example, the line of scrimmage that appears as a projected yellow
line on the field during an American football broadcast requires about one thousand
times more processing power to produce in 3D compared to a 2D image.
Since 3D images are effectively more immersive than 2D broadcasts, fewer fast
cuts between camera angles are needed. 3D National Football League broadcasts cut
between cameras about one-fifth as often as in 2D broadcasting. Rapid cuts between
two different viewpoints can be uncomfortable for the viewer, so directors may
lengthen the transition or provide images with intermediate depth between two
extremes to "rest" the viewers eyes. 3D images are most effective if the cameras are at
a low angle of view, simulating presence of the viewer at the event; this can present
problems with people or structures blocking the view of the event. While fewer
camera locations are required, the overall number of cameras is similar to a 2D
broadcast because each position needs two cameras. Other live sport events have
8

additional factors that affect production; for example, an ice rink presents few cues for
depth due to its uniform appearance.
TV sets
These TV sets are high-end and generally include Ethernet, USB player and
recorder, Bluetooth and USB Wi-Fi.
3D-ready TV sets
3D-ready TV sets are those that can operate in 3D mode (in addition to regular 2D
mode) using one of several display technologies to recreate a stereoscopic image.
These TV sets usually support HDMI 1.4 and a minimum output refresh rateof
120 Hz; glasses may be sold separately.
Philips was developing a 3D television set that would be available for the consumer
market by about 2011 without the need for special glasses
(autostereoscopy).http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television - cite_note-
Nicole_Martin-18 However it was canceled because of the slow adoption of
customers going from 2D to 3D.
In August 2010, Toshiba announced plans to bring a range of autosteroscopic TVs to
market by the end of the year.
The Chinese manufacturer TCL Corporation has developed a 42-inch (110 cm) LCD
3D TV called the TD-42F, which is currently available in China. This model uses
a lenticular system and does not require any special glasses (autostereoscopy). It
currently sells for approximately $20,000.
Onida, LG, Samsung, Sony, and Philips intend to increase their 3D TV offering with
plans to make 3D TV sales account for over 50% of their respective TV distribution
offering by 2012. It is expected that the screens will use a mixture of technologies
until there is standardisation across the
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industry.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television - cite_note-22 Samsung offers the
LED 7000, LCD 750, PDP 7000 TV sets and the Blu-ray 6900.
Full 3D TV sets
Full 3D TV sets include Samsung Full HD 3D (1920x1080p, 600 Hz)
and Panasonic Full HD 3D (1920x1080p, 600 Hz).
A September 2011 Cnet review touted Toshiba's 55ZL2 as "the future of television".
Because of the demanding nature of auto-stereoscopic 3D technology, the display
features a 3840x2160 display; however, there is no video content available at this
resolution. That said, it utilizes a multi-core processor to provide excellent upscaling
to the "4k2k" resolution. Using a directional lenticular lenslet filter, the display
generates nine 3D views. This technology commonly creates deadspots, which
Toshiba avoids by using an eye-tracking camera to adjust the image. The reviewers
also note that the 3D resolution for a 1080p signal looks more like 720p and
lacks parallax, which reduces immersion.
Standardization efforts
The entertainment industry is expected to adopt a common and compatible standard
for 3D in home electronics. To present faster frame rate in high definition to
avoid judder (non-smooth, linear motion), enhancing 3-D film, televisions
andbroadcasting, other unresolved standards are the type of 3D glasses (passive or
active), including bandwidthconsiderations, subtitles, recording format, and a Blu-
ray standard. With improvements in digital technology, in the late 2000s, 3D
movies have become more practical to produce and display, putting competitive
pressure behind the creation of 3D television standards. There are several techniques
for Stereoscopic Video Coding, and stereoscopic distribution formatting
including anaglyph, quincunx, and 2D plus Delta.
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Content providers, such as Disney, DreamWorks, and other Hollywood studios, and
technology developers, such as Philips, asked SMPTE for the development of a 3DTV
standard in order to avoid a battle of formats and to guarantee consumers that they
will be able to view the 3D content they purchase and to provide them with 3D home
solutions for all pockets. In August 2008, SMPTE established the "3-D Home Display
Formats Task Force" to define the parameters of a stereoscopic 3D mastering standard
for content viewed on any fixed device in the home, no matter the delivery channel. It
explored the standards that need to be set for 3D content distributed via broadcast,
cable, satellite, packaged media, and the Internet to be played-out on televisions,
computer screens and other tethered displays. After six months, the committee
produced a report to define the issues and challenges, minimum standards, and
evaluation criteria, which the Society said would serve as a working document for
SMPTE 3D standards efforts to follow. A follow-on effort to draft a standard for 3D
content formats was expected to take another 18 to 30 months.
Production studios are developing an increasing number of 3D titles for the cinema
and as many as a dozen companies are actively working on the core technology
behind the product. Many have technologies available to demonstrate, but no clear
road forward for a mainstream offering has emerged.
Under these circumstances, SMPTE's inaugural meeting was essentially a call for
proposals for 3D television; more than 160 people from 80 companies signed up for
this first meeting. Vendors that presented their respective technologies at the task force
meeting included SENSIO Technologies, Philips, Dynamic Digital
Depth (DDD), TDVision , and Real D, all of which had 3D distribution technologies.
There are many active 3D projects in SMPTE for both TV and filmmakers. The
SMPTE 35PM40 Working Group decided (without influence from the SMPTE Board
or any other external influence) that the good progress being made on 3D standards
within other SMPTE groups (including the IMF Interoperable Master Format) means
that its “overview” project would be best published as an Engineering Report.
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Broadcasters and other participants are still very active in 3D development, and
SMPTE continues to be the forum where everyone from content creator to consumer
manufacturer has a voice.
However, SMPTE is not the only 3D standards group. Other organizations such as
the Consumer Electronics Association(CEA), 3D@home Consortium, ITU and
the Entertainment Technology Center (ETC), at USC School of Cinematic Arts have
created their own investigation groups and have already offered to collaborate to reach
a common solution. The Digital TV Group (DTG), has committed to profiling a UK
standard for 3DTV products and services. Other standard groups such
as DVB, BDA, ARIB, ATSC, DVD Forum, IEC and others are to be involved in the
process.
MPEG has been researching multi-view, stereoscopic, and 2D plus depth 3D video
coding since the mid-1990s; the first result of this research is the Multiview Video
Coding extension for MPEG-4 AVC that is currently undergoing standardization.
MVC has been chosen by the Blu-ray disc association for 3D distribution. The format
offers backwards compatibility with 2D Blu-ray
players.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television - cite_note-28
HDMI version 1.4, released in June 2009, defines a number of 3D transmission
formats. The format "Frame Packing" (left and right image packed into one video
frame with twice the normal bandwidth) is mandatory for HDMI 1.4 3D devices. All
three resolutions (720p50, 720p60, and 1080p24) have to be supported by display
devices, and at least one of those by playback devices. Other resolutions and formats
are optional.[29]
While HDMI 1.4 devices will be capable of transmitting 3D pictures in
full 1080p, HDMI 1.3 does not include such support. As an out-of-spec solution for
the bitrate problem, a 3D image may be displayed at a lower resolution, like interlaced
or at standard definition.
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DVB 3D-TV standard
DVB has established the DVB 3D-TV Specification. The following 3D-TV consumer
configurations will be available to the public:
 3D-TV connected to 3D Blu-ray Player for packaged media.
 3D-TV connected to HD Games Console, e.g. PS3 for 3D gaming.
 3D-TV connected to HD STB for broadcast 3D-TV.
 3D-TV receiving a 3D-TV broadcast directly via a built-in tuner and decoder.
For the two broadcast scenarios above, initial requirements are for Pay-
TV broadcasters to deliver 3D-TV services over existing HD
broadcasting infrastructures, and to use existing receivers (with firmware upgrade, as
required) to deliver 3D content to 3D-TV sets, via an HDMI or equivalent connection,
if needed. This is termed Frame Compatible. There are a range of Frame Compatible
formats. They include the Side by Side (SbS) format, the Top and Bottom (TaB)
format, and others.
3D Channels
As of 2008, 3D programming is broadcast on Japanese satellite BS11 approximately
four times per day.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television - cite_note-31
Cablevision launched a 3D version of its MSG channel on 24 March 2010, available
only to Cablevision subscribers on channel 1300. The channel is dedicated primarily
to sports broadcasts, including MSG's 3D broadcast of a New York Rangers-New York
Islanders game, limited coverage of the 2010 Masters Tournament, and (in
cooperation with YES Network) a game between the New York Yankees and Seattle
Mariners.
The first Australian program broadcast in high-definition 3D was Fox Sports coverage
of the soccer game Australia-New Zealand on 24 May 2010.
13

Also in Australia, the Nine Network and Special Broadcasting Service will be
bringing the State of Origin (matches on 26 May, 16 June and 7 July 2010) (Nine)
and FIFA World Cup (SBS) in 3D on Channel 40 respectively.
In early 2010, Discovery Communications, Imax, and Sony announced plans to
launch a 3D TV channel in the US with a planned launch in early 2011. At the same
time, a Russian company Platform HD and its partners – General Satellite and
Samsung Electronics – announced about their 3D television project, which would be
the first similar project in Russia.
In Brazil Rede TV! became the first Terrestrial television to transmit 3D signal freely
for all 3D enabled audience on 21 May.
Starting on 11 June 2010, ESPN launched a new channel, ESPN 3D, dedicated to 3D
sports with up to 85 live events a year in 3D.
On 1 January 2010, the world's first 3D channel, SKY 3D, started broadcasting
nationwide in South Korea by Korea Digital Satellite Broadcasting. The channel's
slogan is "World No.1 3D Channel". This 24/7 channel uses the Side by Side
technology at a resolution of 1920x1080i. 3D contents include education, animation,
sport, documentary and performances.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television -
cite_note-42
A full 24-hour broadcast channel was announced at the 2010 Consumer Electronics
show as a joint venture from IMAX, Sony, and the Discovery channel. The intent is to
launch the channel in the United States by year end 2010.
DirecTV and Panasonic plan to launch 2 broadcast channels and 1 Video on
demand channel with 3D contenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television -
cite_note-44 in June 2010. DirecTV previewed a live demo of their 3D feed at
the Consumer Electronics Show held 7–10 January 2010.
In Europe, British Sky Broadcasting (Sky) launched a limited 3D TV broadcast
service on 3 April 2010. Transmitting from the Astra 2A satellite at 28.2° east, Sky
14

3D broadcast a selection of live English Premier League football matches to over
1000 British pubs and clubs equipped with a Sky+HD Digibox and 3D Ready TVs,
and preview programmes provided for free to top-tier Sky HD subscribers with 3D TV
equipment. This was later expanded to include a selection of films, sports, and
entertainment programming launched to Sky subscribers on 1 October 2010.
On 28 September 2010, Virgin Media launched a 3D TV on Demand service.
Several other European pay-TV networks are also planning 3D TV channels and some
have started test transmissions on other Astra satellites, including French pay-TV
operator Canal+ which has announced its first 3D channel is to be launched in
December 2010. Also the Spanish Canal+ has started the first broadcastings on 18
May 2010 and included 2010 FIFA World Cup matches in the new Canal+
3D channel. Satellite operator SES started a free-to-air 3D demonstration channel on
the Astra satellite at 23.5° east on 4 May 2010 for the opening of the 2010 ANGA
Cable international trade fair using 3D programming supplied by 3D Ready TV
manufacturer Samsung under an agreement between Astra and Samsung to co-
promote 3D TV.
As of November 2010, there were eight 3D channels broadcasting to Europe from
three Astra satellite positions, including demonstrations provided by Astra, pay-TV
from BSkyB, Canal+ and others, and the Dutch Brava3D cultural channel, which
provides a mix of classical music, opera and ballet free-to-air across Europe
from Astra 23.5°E.
In April 2011, HIGH TV (a 3D family entertainment channel) launched.
Headquartered in NY with offices in Hong Kong and London, the channel broadcasts
through eight satellites round the world, covering Europe, Asia, the Nordic region,
Russia, South America, Africa, Middle East and North America.
3flow is a 3D channel that began broadcasting on Freebox in France on 1 April 2011.
Made up entirely of native stereoscopic programming produced and owned by
15

WildEarth and Sasashani (WildEarth's parent company). Initially the focus was mostly
safari and has now widened to include underwater, extreme sports and other 3D
content from around the world. WildEarth and Sasashani also distribute 3D series and
shows through 3D Content Hub.
In 1 January 2012, China's first 3D Test Channel launched on China Central
Television and 5 other networks.
On 1 February 2012: The Extreme Sports Channel - the home of Extreme Sports
launched in Italy on Sky Italia marking its international début in high definition (HD).
The channel’s HD feed will be a simulcast of the standard definition feed launched in
1999, which now broadcasts to subscribers in 66 territories and in 12 languages across
Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA). The inaugural launch on Italy’s Sky
platform sees the channel’s entrance into the HD market and from there it will begin
rolling out to operators across the EMEA region.
In February 2012 Telecable de Tricom, a major Dominican cable TV provider,
announced the launch of the first 3D TV programming package in Latin America. As
of 3 July 2012, the only 3D channels available are 3flow and HIGH TV
3D.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television - cite_note-54
In July 2013 the BBC announced that it would be indefinitely suspending 3D
programming due to a lack of uptake. Only half of the estimated 1.5 million
households in the UK with a 3D-enabled television watched the 2012 summer's
Olympics opening ceremony in 3D.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television -
cite_note-55
In 2013, in the US, ESPN 3D was shut down due to lack of demand, followed
by Xfinity 3D and all DirecTV 3D programming in 2014.
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List of 3D Channels
Channel Country(s) Note(s) Status
3flow Worldwide Wildlife and Entertainment Active
HIGH TV 3D Worldwide Entertainment Active
n3D United States DirecTV only Defunct
Cinema 3D United States DirecTV only Defunct
3net United States DirecTV only Defunct
MSG 3D United States Cablevision only Active
ESPN 3D United States Sport Defunct
Xfinity 3D United States Comcast only Defunct
Sky 3D United Kingdom and Ireland Sky only Active
Foxtel 3D Australia Foxtel only Defunct
HD1
Belgium (and other European
countries)
Free-to-air
Sky 3D Germany and Austria Sky Deutschland only
Anixe 3D German-speaking countries Free-to-air Defunct
17

Nova 3D Greece Entertainment
Sport 5 3D Israel Sport Defunct
Sky 3D Italy Sky Italia only
Brava3D Europe Free-to-air
Penthouse 3D HD Europe Porn
Hustler HD 3D Italy Porn
Canal+ 3D France Canal+ only Defunct
Canal+ 3D España Spain Canal+ only Active
CANAL+ 3D Poland CYFRA+ only
NEXT Man 3D Poland
NEXT Lejdis 3D Poland
NEXT Young 3D Poland
nShow 3D Poland ITI Group only Defunct
Viasat 3D Sweden Viasat only
Teledünya 3D Turkey Teledünya only
18

Digitürk 3D Turkey Digitürk only
Smart 3D Turkey Presentations
Sky 3D South Korea SkyLife only
SBS 3D South Korea Free-to-air
TV Azteca 3D Mexico Free-to-air
Sukachan 3D169 Japan Sky PerfecTV! only Defunct
BS11 Japan
RedeTV! Brazil
Active 3D India Videocon d2h only
MOBILESTAR 3D TV India
First HD 3D Channel in
India
Zhongguo 3D dianshi
shiyan pindao
China
Made up by 6 different TV
companies
Standard HD channels have also broadcast in 3D. BBC HD occasionally broadcasts
high profile events in 3D including the Wimbledon mens & ladies singles finals and
the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Olympics.
19

3D episodes and shows
There have been several notable examples in television where 3D episodes have been
produced, typically as one hour specials or special events.
1980s
The first-ever 3D broadcast in the UK was an episode of the weekly science
magazine The Real World, made by Television South and screened in the UK in
February 1982. The program included excerpts of test footage shot by Philips in the
Netherlands. Red/green 3D glasses were given away free with copies of the TV
Times listings magazine, but the 3D sections of the programmed were shown in
monochrome. The experiment was repeated nationally in December 1982, with
red/blue glasses allowing color 3D to be shown for the first time. The program was
repeated the following weekend followed by a rare screening of the Western Fort
Ti starring George Montgomery and Joan Vohs.
1990s
In November 1993, the BBC announced a one-off week of 3D programming filmed
using the pioneering Pulfrich 3Dtechnique. 3D glasses were sold in shops around the
UK, a percentage of the sales going to the Children In Need charity. The week's
programming concluded with a screening of the 3D Doctor Who special Dimensions
In Time as well as specially shot segments of Noel's House Party and the
annual Children In Need charity appeal.
3D television episodes were a brief fad on U.S. television during the May 1997
sweeps. The sitcom 3rd Rock from the Sunshowed a two-part episode, "Nightmare On
Dick Street", where several of the characters' dreams are shown in 3D. The episode
cued its viewers to put on their 3D glasses (which used the Pulfrich effect) by
including "3D on" and "3D off" icons in the corner of the screen as a way to alert
them as to when the 3D sequences would start and finish. Customers were given free
20

glasses courtesy of a joint venture between Little Caesars pizza and Barq's Root Beer.
Also in May 1997, ABC had a special line-up of shows that showcased specific scenes
in 3D. The shows included Home Improvement, Spin City,The Drew Carey
Show, Ellen, Family Matters, Step by Step, Sabrina, The Teenage Witch,
and America's Funniest Home Videos. Similar to 3rd Rock, an icon alerted viewers
when to put on the 3D glasses. Customers were given free anaglyph glasses
at Wendy's for the promotion. Nickelodeon had a special lineup of shows in 1997 that
also showcased specific scenes in 3D promoted as Nogglevision; ChromaDepth was
the technology of choice for Nickelodeon's 3D .
2000’s
Recent uses of 3D in television include the drama Medium and the
comedy Chuck (Season 2, episode 12).
Channel 4 in the UK ran a short season of 3D programming in November 2009
including Derren Brown and The Queen in 3D. Unlike previous British 3D TV
experiments, the programmes were transmitted in ColorCode 3D.
2010s
On 31 January 2010, BSKYB became the first broadcaster in the world to show a live
sports event in 3D when Sky Sportsscreened a football match between Manchester
United and Arsenal to a public audience in several selected pubs.
On 31 January 2010, the 52nd Grammy Awards featured a Michael Jackson Tribute
Sequence in 3D, using anaglyph format.
The very first stereoscopic indie live action comedy one hour show called Safety
Geeks : SVI : 3D specifically for 3DTV and 3D VOD was produced and released in
March 2010 through Digital Dynamic Depth / Yabazam and their Yabazam website
portal. Safety Geeks SVI 3D Safety Geeks:SVI is the comic adventures of an elite
force of safety experts; the P.O.S.H. (Professional Occupational Safety Hazard) team.
21

Obsessed with making the world safer, the CSI-like team investigates accidents to find
out what went wrong and who is to blame. It won the Los Angeles 3D film Festival in
2010 as best pilot or series in 3D.
In April 2010, the Masters Tournament was broadcast in live 3D
on DirecTV, Comcast, and Cox.
The Roland Garros tennis tournament in Paris, from 23 May to 6 June 2010, was
filmed in 3D (center court only) and broadcast live via ADSL and fiber to Orange
subscribers throughout France in a dedicated Orange TV channel.
Fox Sports broadcasts the first program in 3D in Australia when the Socceroos played
The New Zealand All Whites at theMCG on 24 May 2010.
The Nine Network broadcasts the first Free-to-air 3D telecast when the Queensland
Maroons faced the New South Wales Blues at ANZ Stadium on 26 May 2010.
On 29 May 2010, Sky broadcasts Guinness Premiership Final in 3D in selected pubs
and clubs.
25 matches in the FIFA World Cup 2010 were broad
The Inauguration of Philippine President Noynoy Aquino on 30 June 2010 was the
first presidential inauguration to telecast in live 3D by GMA Network. However, the
telecast was only available in select places.
The 2010 Coke Zero 400 was broadcast in 3D on 3 July
on NASCAR.com and DirecTV along with Comcast, Time Warner, and Bright
House cable systems.
Astro broadcast the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final on 11 July 2010 in 3-D on their
B.yond service.
Satellite delivered Bell TV in Canada began to offer a full-time pay-TV, 3D channel to
its subscribers on 27 July 2010.
22

The 2010 PGA Championship was broadcast in 3D for four hours on 13 August 2010,
from 3–7 pm EDT. The broadcast was available on DirecTV, Comcast, Time Warner
Cable, Bright House Networks, Cox Communications, and Cablevision.
In September 2010, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's first 3D broadcast was a
special about the Canadian monarch, Elizabeth II, and included 3-D film footage
of the Queen's 1953 coronation as well as 3D video of her 2010 tour of Canada. This
marks the first time the historical 3D images have been seen anywhere on television
as well as the first broadcast of a Canadian produced 3D programme in Canada.
FioS and the NFL partnered to broadcast the 2 September 2010, pre-season game
between the New England Patriots and the New York Giants in 3D. The game was
only broadcast in 3D in the northeast.
The 2010 AFL Grand Final, on 25 September 2010, was broadcast in 3D from
the Seven Network.
Rachael Ray aired a 3D Halloween Bash on 29 October 2010.
The first Japanese television series in 3D, Tokyo Control, premiered on 19 January
2011.
In May 2011, 3net released the first docu-reality TV series entitled Bullproof filmed in
native 3D made by Digital Revolution Studios.
The 2011 3D Creative Arts Awards "Your World in 3D" was the first award show
filmed in native 3D and televised on 3net 3D channel broadcast on DirectTV. The
production was filmed at the Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood.
On 16 July 2011 - The Parlotones (South African Rock Act) became the first band to
broadcast a Live Rock Opera to Terrestrial CInema in 3D, a Live 3D feed to DIRECT
TV in the USA and Facebook pay per view. It was called "Dragonflies & Astronauts".
The semi-finals, Bronze Final and Final matches of the 2011 Rugby World Cup will
be broadcast in 3D.
23

The BBC broadcast the 2011 finals of the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships in
3D.
In February 2012 Telecable de Tricom, a major Dominican cable TV provider,
announced the launch of the first 3D TV programming package in Latin America. As
of 10 August 2012 the only 3D channels available are Wildearth,3 Flow 3D,and High
TV 3D.
Avi Arad is currently developing a 3D Pac-Man TV show.
The Xbox Live broadcasts of the 2012 Miss Universe and Miss USA beauty pageants
were available in RealD 3D.
In 2013, in Brazil, NET HD pay-per-view broadcastes of the thirteenth season of Big
Brother Brasil were available in 3D.
Conclusions
World record
The 2011 UEFA Champions League Final match between Manchester
United and Barcelona was broadcast live in 3D format on a Ukrainian-
24

produced EKTA screen in Gothenburg, Sweden. The screen made it to The Guinness
Book of World Records as the world's biggest screen. The live 3D broadcast was
provided by the company Viasat.
Health effects
Some viewers have complained of headaches, seizures and eyestrain after watching
3D films. There have been several warnings, especially for the
elderly.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television - cite_note-76 Motion sickness, in
addition to other health concerns, is more easily induced by 3D presentations.
There are primarily two effects of 3D TV that are unnatural for the human vision:
crosstalk between the eyes caused by imperfect image separation and the mismatch
between convergence and accommodation caused by the difference between an
object's perceived position in front of or behind the screen and the real origin of that
light on the screen.
It is believed that approximately 12% of people are unable to properly see 3D images,
owing to a variety of medical conditions. According to another experiment, up to 30%
of people have very weak stereoscopic vision preventing depth perception based on
stereo disparity. This nullifies or greatly decreases immersion effects of digital stereo
to them.
25

References :
[1] http://www.google.co.in/3dtelevision
[2] http://www.electronics.howstuffworks.com
[3] http://www.google.com
[4] http://dukedk666.wordpress.com/2013/04/12/e-ball-concept/
[5] http://www.scribd.com/doc/
[6] http://www.slideshare.net/jominz
[7] http://www.seminarsonly.com/computer%20science/
[8] http://dukedk666.wordpress.com/2013/04/
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