seminar topic history of pre mendian era

seminar topic history of pre mendian era

• 1.
  In The Supervisionof Dr. Ajeet Pratap Singh ( Assistant Prof. & Head ) Deptt. of Genetics and Plant Breeding Topic – History of Plant Breeding ( Pre Mendelian era ) Deptt. of Genetics and Plant Breeding SDJ Post Graduate MSDSU Azamgarh , Uttar Pradesh ( Assistant Prof. & Head ) M.Sc. (Ag.) Deptt. of Genetics and Plant Breeding Roll no. MASTER SEMINAR ( GPB – 591 ) History of Plant Breeding ( Pre Mendelian era ) Deptt. of Genetics and Plant Breeding SDJ Post Graduate College Chandeshwar Azamgarh MSDSU Azamgarh , Uttar Pradesh Presented by Satyam Pandey M.Sc. (Ag.) G.P.B.IV Semester Roll no.- 24204350011 History of Plant Breeding ( Pre Mendelian era ) Deptt. of Genetics and Plant Breeding Chandeshwar Azamgarh MSDSU Azamgarh , Uttar Pradesh
• 2.
  History of PlantBreeding :- In Broad sense history of Plant Breeding can be divided into four Parts : - 1. Pre Mendelian Era :- Before 1900 2. Mendelian Era :- 1900 to 1920 3. Post Mendelian Era :- 1921 to 1950 4. Modern Era :- After 1950.
• 3.
  Pre Mendelian Era:- The process of bringing a wild species under human management is referred to as Domestication.  9000 B.C. : First evidence of Plant domestication in the hills above the Tigris River.  8000 B.C.: The earliest known form of plant breeding begins with the domestication of crops like wheat, barley, and legumes in the Fertile Crescent (modern-day Middle East). 
• 4.
   3000 B.C.: Domestication of all important food crops in the Old World completed.  2000 B.C. : The Chinese develop techniques for selective breeding of crops like rice, soybeans, and millet.  1000 B.C. : Domestication of all important food crops in the New World completed.
• 5.
   700 B.C.:Babylonians and Assyrians hand pollinate date palm artificially.  1665 : Robert Hooke ( England ) : First described the cell and known as father of cell biology.  1694 : Camerarius of Germany first to demonstrate role of sex in plants and suggested crossing as a method to obtain new plant types.
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   1716 :Cotton Mather of USA observed natural crossing in maize (yellow corn plants adjacent to blue or red corn had red or blue corn.  1717 : Thomas Fairchild : Developed first Inter specific hybrid between sweet William and Carnation pink species of Dianthus popularly known as Fair Child’s mule.
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   1727 :The First plant breeding company was established in France by the Louis - De – vilmorin and introduced the pedigree method of breeding.  1753 : C. Linnaeus published “ Species planetarium ” Binomial nomenclature of plant taxonomy officially begins with his general list of plant species.
• 8.
   1766: JosephKoelreuter of Germany demonstrated that hybrid offspring received traits from both parents and were intermediate in most traits observed and produced first scientific hybrid using tobacco.  1800 – 1835 : Knight T.A ( English ) : First used Artificial Hybridization in Fruit Crops.
• 9.
   1819 :Shirreff P., Utilized pure line selection to develop a new oat cultivar ( Released in 1824 ), and a new wheat cultivar ( Released in 1832 ).  Red – fife famous wheat variety sel. By farmer David fife.  1823 : Knight : Dominance, Recessiveness, and segregation observed in peas.
• 10.
   1840 :John Le Couteur developed the concept of progeny test and individual plant selection in cereals.  1840 – 50 : De Vilmorin (French Biologist) : progeny test in wheat , oat and sugar – beet breeding.
• 11.
   1859 –89 : Darwin : Published “ Origin of species” , and noted inbreeding sterility and differences in reciprocal crosses.  1866 : Mendal G. J ( Austria ) : published his discoveries in “ Experiments in plant hybridization ” , cumulating in the formulation of laws of inheritance in garden pea and discovery of unit factors ( genes ).
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   1873 :Patrick Shireff concluded that only the variation heritable nature responded to selections and that there variation arose through ‘natural sports’ (=mutation ) and by ‘natural hybridization’ (recombination during meiosis in the hybrids so produced ).
• 13.
   1882 :A. D. Condolle write history and origin of cultivated plants.  1890 : Rimpu E. ( Sweden ) : First made inheritance cross between bread wheat and rye which later on gave birth to triticale.