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![Australia
We will [establish] policies to:
•accelerate Government 2.0 efforts to engage online,
make agencies transparent and provide expanded
access to useful public sector data;
…The next wave of opportunities to improve the quality
and effectiveness of government services are likely to be
driven by access to (appropriately anonymized) public
sector data sets and ‘big data’.
The Hon Andrew Robb AO MP, The Hon Malcolm Turnbull MP
Liberal Party of Australia, 2 Sep 2013](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iswc-2013-woolf-131023195351-phpapp02/75/SemWeb-4-Gov-opportunities-and-challenges-15-2048.jpg)
![Geospatial Transformation with
OGSA-DAI (GeoTOD) [2010]
•Project aims:
– Exploit a high-profile
outcome from the >£200M
UK government-funded eScience program
– Implement the UK Cabinet
Office guidelines on ‘URI
Sets for Location’
– Enable dynamic
transformation of existing
large spatial datasets
http://data.gov.uk/sites/default/files/
Designing_URI_Sets_for_Location-V1.0_10.pdf](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iswc-2013-woolf-131023195351-phpapp02/75/SemWeb-4-Gov-opportunities-and-challenges-33-2048.jpg)
![Advanced Climate Research Infrastructure
for Data (ACRID) [2010]
https://www.uea.ac.uk/mac/
comm/media/press/2010/july/
climatedataproject
•Project aims:
–
–
–
–
Address Climategate concerns re publishing climate data
Enable seamless link from research publication to data
Include dataset provenance information
Verify linked-data principles for this problem](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iswc-2013-woolf-131023195351-phpapp02/75/SemWeb-4-Gov-opportunities-and-challenges-38-2048.jpg)
![Australian Climate Observations
Reference Network – Surface Air
Temperature (ACORN-SAT) [2012]
•High-quality daily surface temperature
(min/max) timeseries’
•112 stations
•Over 100 years of records
•Homogenised for
– Site relocations
– Instrument replacement
– Local changes](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iswc-2013-woolf-131023195351-phpapp02/75/SemWeb-4-Gov-opportunities-and-challenges-42-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byAndrew Woolf
SemWeb 4 Gov – opportunities and challenges
The document outlines opportunities and challenges regarding the integration of the semantic web in government operations, emphasizing the importance of open access to data, collaboration among agencies, and the adoption of semantic web standards. It highlights various international efforts, national plans, and projects aimed at improving data accessibility and utilization for enhancing government services. Key lessons include the need for pragmatic implementation, infrastructure establishment, and skill development among ICT contractors to support this initiative.
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SemWeb 4 Gov – opportunities and challenges
- 1. SemWeb 4 Gov– opportunities and challenges Dr. Andrew Woolf Acting Assistant Director (Climate & Water IT Services), Bureau of Meteorology
- 2. Acknowledgements… • Josh Bobruk,Robert Boczek, Karl Braganza, Sarah Callaghan, Shirley Crompton, Armin Haller, Colin Harpham, Mike Jackson, Bryan Lawrence, Laurent Lefort, Brian Matthews, Tim Osborn, Clinton Rakich, Will Rogers, Arif Shaon, Jeremy Tandy, Kerry Taylor, Blair Trewin
- 3. Outline • Drivers • Usecase exemplars • SemWeb as enabler • A few projects • Next steps • Key lessons
- 4. Outline • Drivers • Usecase exemplars • SemWeb as enabler • A few projects • Next steps • Key lessons
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- 9. Harvard Business Review(Oct 2012)
- 10. United States My Administrationwill take appropriate action … to disclose information rapidly in forms that the public can readily find and use. Executive departments and agencies should harness new technologies to put information about their operations and decisions online and readily available to the public. Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government, Federal Register Vol. 74, No. 15
- 11. United Kingdom Our plansinclude: •Radically opening up data and public information, releasing thousands of public data sets – including Ordnance Survey mapping data, real-time railway timetables, data underpinning NHS choices, and more detailed departmental spending data – and making them free for re-use. Putting the Frontline First: smarter government Cabinet Office, 7 December 2009
- 12. Europe …open access isreaching the tipping point, with around 50% of scientific papers published in 2011 now available for free. …open access will be mandatory for all scientific publications produced with funding from Horizon 2020, the EU's Research & Innovation funding programme for 2014-2020. …Under Horizon 2020 … the Commission will also start a pilot on open access to data collected during publicly funded research… European Commission - IP/13/786, Brussels, 21 August 2013
- 13. United Nations We alsocall for a data revolution for sustainable development, with a new international initiative to improve the quality of statistics and information available to citizens. A NEW GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP: ERADICATE POVERTY AND TRANSFORM ECONOMIES THROUGH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post2015 Development Agenda United Nations, 30 May 2013
- 14. Australia Principle 1: Openaccess to information - a default position Principle 2: Engaging the community Principle 3: Effective information governance Principle 4: Robust information asset management Principle 5: Discoverable and useable information Principle 6: Clear reuse rights Principle 7: Appropriate charging for access Principle 8: Transparent enquiry and complaints processes Principles on open public sector information OAIC, May 2011
- 15. Australia We will [establish]policies to: •accelerate Government 2.0 efforts to engage online, make agencies transparent and provide expanded access to useful public sector data; …The next wave of opportunities to improve the quality and effectiveness of government services are likely to be driven by access to (appropriately anonymized) public sector data sets and ‘big data’. The Hon Andrew Robb AO MP, The Hon Malcolm Turnbull MP Liberal Party of Australia, 2 Sep 2013
- 16. Government Open Data “Wecommit to pro-actively provide high-value information, including raw data, in a timely manner, in formats that the public can easily locate, understand and use, and in formats that facilitate reuse.”
- 17. Outline • Drivers • Usecase exemplars • SemWeb as enabler • A few projects • Next steps • Key lessons
- 18.
- 19. Independent reviews “We …conclude that there is independent verification… of the results and conclusions of the Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia. ... We … consider that climate scientists should take steps to make available all the data used to generate their published work, including raw data” House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (31 Mar 2010) CRU should make available sufficient information, concurrent with any publications, to enable others to replicate their results. … It would benefit the global climate research community if a standardised way of defining station metadata and station data could be agreed, preferably through a standards body, or perhaps the WMO. The Independent Climate Change E-mails Review, Sir Muir Russell (7 Jul 2010)
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- 25. National Plan forEnvironmental Information “an environmental information system to support the delivery and discovery of priority environmental information” http://www.bom.gov.au/environment /
- 26. Outline • Drivers • Usecase exemplars • SemWeb as enabler • A few projects • Next steps • Key lessons
- 27. Sir Tim Berners-Leeon open data...
- 28. But HOW dowe open data?
- 29.
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- 31. Linked Data Linked DataPrinciples 1. Use URL (Web addresses) as identifiers for objects 2. Publish them on the Web 3. Use Semantic Web standards to model the data 4. Link objects in your dataset to objects in other datasets ‘5 stars’ maturity model
- 32. Outline • Drivers • Usecase exemplars • SemWeb as enabler • A few projects • Next steps • Key lessons
- 33. Geospatial Transformation with OGSA-DAI(GeoTOD) [2010] •Project aims: – Exploit a high-profile outcome from the >£200M UK government-funded eScience program – Implement the UK Cabinet Office guidelines on ‘URI Sets for Location’ – Enable dynamic transformation of existing large spatial datasets http://data.gov.uk/sites/default/files/ Designing_URI_Sets_for_Location-V1.0_10.pdf
- 34. Designing Location URIs ‘SpatialT hing’ http:/ea.gov.uk/ / id / Y/ atercourse/ hames H W T ‘303 See other:’ ‘web document’ http://ea.gov.uk/doc/HY/Watercourse/Thames rdfs:seeAlso http://ea.gov.uk/so/ Y/ atercourse/ H W ea-UK rivers/ e7w1 rdfs:seeAlso http://geotod/so/ Y/ atercourse/ H W stfc-strategi/ 4a97 ov:similarTo http://ceh.nerc/so/ Y/ atercourse/ H W nerc-hydrodb/ thames-001 ‘Spatial Object’ http://geotod/so/ Y/ atercourse/ H W stfc-strategi/ 4a97.rdf http://geotod/so/ Y/ atercourse/ H W stfc-strategi/ 4a97.html http://geotod/so/ Y/ atercourse/ H W stfc-strategi/ 4a97.kml http://geotod/so/ Y/ atercourse/ H W stfc-strategi/ 4a97.gml ‘ content negotiation’
- 35. GeoTOD linked dataframework
- 36. OGSA-DAI SO store orkflow L inkedSO W Store OGSA-DAI service GM query L GeoServer W S W resources eb SP ARQL query + output formatting SQL RDB Generate RDB -specific SQL using mapping file GeotodD2RQ Relational resources D2RQ M apping F ile
- 37. GeoTOD • Challenges: – Pragmaticinterpretation of URI guidelines – Mapping UML geospatial conceptual models to RDF • GeoTOD demo: – http://tiger.dl.ac.uk:8080/geotodls • UML-to-RDF schema generator: – http://tiger.dl.ac.uk:8080/rdfsgenerator
- 38. Advanced Climate ResearchInfrastructure for Data (ACRID) [2010] https://www.uea.ac.uk/mac/ comm/media/press/2010/july/ climatedataproject •Project aims: – – – – Address Climategate concerns re publishing climate data Enable seamless link from research publication to data Include dataset provenance information Verify linked-data principles for this problem
- 39.
- 40. DOI and OAI-ORE •CrossRefDOIs (e.g. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.11 57784) are linked-data-enabled (as of April 2011) with conneg: – RDF/XML, TTL, ATOM •Open Archives Initiative Object Reuse and Exchange (OAI-ORE) – description and exchange of aggregations of Web resources – http://www.openarchives.org /ore/
- 41. ACRID – datasetworkflows / provenance •Various choices – Open Provenance Model – Provenance Markup Language – ISO 19156 (Observations and Measurements) – Climate Science Modelling Language (CSML) •Adopted CSML – Observation measures a Property of a Feature-of-interest using a Procedure and generating a Result
- 42. Australian Climate Observations ReferenceNetwork – Surface Air Temperature (ACORN-SAT) [2012] •High-quality daily surface temperature (min/max) timeseries’ •112 stations •Over 100 years of records •Homogenised for – Site relocations – Instrument replacement – Local changes
- 43. ACORN-SAT • Project aims: –Establish the first Australian Government linked data under data.gov.au – Trial linked-data for large time-series observation dataset – Gain experience in applying linked data to information sharing in support of the National Plan for Environmental Information
- 44. Station history: e.g.Darwin 014016 014015 014040 014015
- 45. Semantic Sensor NetworkOntology (W3C Incubator Group)
- 46. ACORN-SAT observations asa cube (W3C DataCube ontology)
- 47. Coupling SSN andData Cube ontologies
- 48.
- 49. Querying: SPARQL PREFIX gn:<http://www.geonames.org/ontology#> PREFIX acorn-sat: <http://lab.environment.data.gov.au/def/acorn/sat/> SELECT ?station ?day ?month ?year ?temp WHERE { ?obs acorn-sat:maxTemperature ?temp; acorn-sat:timeSeries ?tseries; acorn-sat:day ?day; acorn-sat:month ?month; acorn-sat:year ?year. ?tseries gn:name ?station. FILTER (?temp > 50). } station day month year temp Forrest New record Jan 2013: Seven consecutive days over 45oC 13 01 1979 50.1 Oodnadatta 03 01 1960 50.3 Oodnadatta 02 01 1960 50.7 Albany 08 02 1933 51.2
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- 52. Outline • Drivers • Usecase exemplars • SemWeb as enabler • A few projects • Next steps • Key lessons
- 53. Australian Government LinkedData Working Group (AGLDWG) •Terms of reference – Develop technical guidelines and best practice on the use of ‘linked-data’ by AG agencies – Inform the development of data.gov.au as a platform for publishing Commonwealth PSI – Promote the benefits and encourage adoption of ‘linkeddata’ for publishing Commonwealth PSI – Where appropriate, undertake specific activities and coordinate projects in pursuit of these objectives AGLDWG meeting with Sir Tim Berners-Lee, 31 Jan 2013 (Canberra)
- 54. LD-enabling CKAN • CKANused by a number of Government open data platforms (incl. UK, AU, US) • Could it be made more LD-friendly? – Add registry functionality (e.g. for simple term dictionaries) – Support namespace-forwarding (e.g. for proxying manyto-many agency-to-subdomain mappings) • UK Gov LD WG has a prototype already – https://github.com/der/ukl-registry-poc/wiki – http://www.slideshare.net/der42/ukgovld-registrywebinarv3
- 55. Outline • Drivers • Usecase exemplars • SemWeb as enabler • A few projects • Next steps • Key lessons
- 56. 1. Believe inSemWeb 4 Gov! • Domain/agency-neutral data publishing mechanism • Encourages information points-of-truth • Assists ‘naturally’ with cross-agency data integration • BUT: – Need to demonstrate value (pilots, prototypes, etc.) – Agencies will have security concerns – Deployment behind government firewalls is difficult
- 57. 2. Address agencyneeds • Simple dictionary publishing would be a good start! – http://test.wmocodes.info/ • Create robust guidance on simple things – GeoRSS – schema.org – URI Rules – Vocabulary management – Effective use of CKAN
- 58. 3. Be pragmatic •At this stage of the adoption curve, more important to get something up than establishing complete semantics • Agency people mostly won’t like sitting through multi-day ontology workshops!
- 59. 4. Establish enablinginfrastructure • May be difficult to deploy own triplestores • Encourage cloud solutions (public, government, research) e.g. NCI in Australia • Build SemWeb into collaborations around data.gov(.xxx), e.g. AGLDWG, Cross Jurisdictional Open Government Data Working Group
- 60. 5. ‘Geo’ askiller app for LD • Much government data is spatially-enabled • Huge value proposition in technology enabling linkage by location of: health, education, statistics, transport, environmental data, etc • Note geospatial semantics standards work – ISO 19150 (Geographic information – Ontology) – OGC GeoSPARQL
- 61. 6. Skill-up theICT contractor pool • Government uses contractors • Need to build up a SemWeb ‘cottage industry’ – critical mass issue • Research partners are essential, but also need industry partners
- 62. 7. Engage withGov • Chat to your local friendly Gov IT geeks • Be aware of stuff already happening – e.g. in environmental information sharing: WaterML, GeoSciML, GWML, INSPIRE
- 63. Thank you… Acknowledgements (again)to collaborators: Josh Bobruk, Robert Boczek, Karl Braganza, Sarah Callaghan, Shirley Crompton, Armin Haller, Colin Harpham, Mike Jackson, Bryan Lawrence, Laurent Lefort, Brian Matthews, Tim Osborn, Clinton Rakich, Will Rogers, Arif Shaon, Jeremy Tandy, Kerry Taylor, Blair Trewin Dr Andrew Woolf [email protected]
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