Prisoners should receive the same level of healthcare as the general public. Treating prisoners humanely reflects well on society. Factors like social inequalities, deprivation, and adverse childhood experiences increase the risk of imprisonment. As such, public health efforts should address the societal issues that lead to imprisonment. However, prisoners also present public health issues through high-risk behaviors and undiagnosed health conditions. The document argues that prisoners' health is an important issue that relates both to fairness and to wider public health concerns in society.