serum magnesium(S/E)

ELECTROLYTES MAGNESIUM
 PRESENTED BY:
FARAZ ALI
MUHAMMAD AHSAN
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
PATHOLOGY

OBJECTIVES:
 What Is Magnesium & It’s Structure?
 Role Of Magnesium:
 Physiology
 Pathology
 Sources of Magnesium.
 Absorption of Magnessium in Body.
 Metabolic activity of Magnessium.
 Benefit of Magnesium’s On Body In Daily Life.
 Toxicity of Magnessium.
 SUMMARY.
 REFERENCE.

MAGNESIUM
Magnesium is a mineral which is 4th most abundant
cation and 2nd most abundant intracellular ion in our
body.
Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg
and atomic number 12.
It is a shiny gray solid.

ON THE BASIS OF PHYSIOLOGY
■ In our body, magnesium occurs in the form of ions (cations) Mg2+
■ The average human body (i.e. 70Kg) contains 1 mole of magnesium ions
(24g).
■ Approximately 53% Mg2+ of found in bone.
■ 46% in Muscle, soft tissue and other organs.
■ Less then 1% in serum and red blood cells;
■ In serum: about 30% bound to protein (albumin)
61-64% 61% exist in free/ionized state
5% Forms complex with others ions (i.e. Ca2+ ,
Citrate Etc.)

REFERENCE RANGE OF SERUM
MAGNESIUM:
■ Serum magnesium level 1.7 -- 2.2 mg/dL
0.8 -- 1.1 mmol/L
■ Urinary magnesium level 25 mg/ day
■ Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories

ROLE OF MAGNESIUM
 Magnesium is needed for more than 300 biochemical reactions
in the body.
 It helps to maintain normal nerve and muscle function
 supports a healthy immune system
 keeps the heartbeat steady, and helps bones remain strong.
 It also helps adjust blood glucose levels.
 It aids in the production of energy and protein.
.

ROLE OF MAGNESIUM
In recent researches;
 Role of magnesium in preventing and managing disorders;
 such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes.
 However, taking magnesium supplements is not currently advised. Diets
 High in protein, calcium, or vitamin D will increase the need for
magnesium

ONTHE BASIS OF PATHOLOGY
■ There are majorly two diseases which are associate with abnormal level of magnesium
in our body which depends upon: Intake, Absorption and elimination
■ Hypomagnesaemia Deficiency of total Mg2+ level in body
■ Hypermagnesaemia increase of total Mg2+ level in body

ON THE BASIS OF PATHOLOGY:
H Y P O M A G N E S E M I A H Y P E R M A G N E S E M I A
Causes
Intake of Mg
Loss of Mg
Intake of Mg
Loss of Mg
Diarrhea Dehydration
Glomerular nephritis acute & chronic renal failure
Pancreatitis Cardiac arrhythmia
Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism
Hyper-aldosteronism Hypo-aldosterone

Clinical Sign & Symptoms
Nausea and vomiting Vomiting
Weakness Dyspnea
Diarrhea Constipation
Anorexia Alcoholism
Depression and confusion Flushing of memories

ON THE BASIS OF PATHOLOGY
E F F E C T S O N E L E C T R O LY T E S :
A s s o c i a t e d w i t h h y p o c a l c a e m i a &
h y p o k a l e m i a
A s s o c i a t e d w i t h h y p o c a l c a e m i a &
h y p e r k a l e m i a
EFFECT S ON MUSCULAR SYST EM:
N e u r o m u s c u l a r I r r i t a b i l i t y
T i n g l i n g .
M u s c l e c r a m p a n d n u m b n e s s .
M u s c l e s w e a k n e s s
D e p r e s s c o n t r a c t i o n o f s ke l e t a l
m u s c l e s
EFFECT S ON RENAL SYST EM
Re n a l i m p a i r m e n t A c u t e r e n a l f a i l u r e

HYPOMAGNESEMIA HYPERMAGNESEMIA
E F F E C T S O N C A R D I O VA S C U L A R S Y S T E M
Ta c h y c a r d i a
A b n o r m a l h e a r t r h y t h m s
C a r d i a c a r r e s t
B r a d y c a r d i a
H y p e r t e n s i o n
H y p o t e n s i o n
E F F E C T S O N L O C O M O T I O N S Y S T E M
C o m a P a r a l y s i s
E F F E C T S O N R E S P I R ATO RY S Y S T E M
L o w o x y g e n s a t u r a t i o n R e s p i r a t o r y p ro b l e m ( i . e . d y s p n e a
e t c . )

Daily Requirement
The daily Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for magnesium are:
 19-30 years: 400 mg (men)
310 mg (women)
 31 years and older, 420 mg (men)
320 mg (women).
 For pregnant women age 14-51 years:
the RDA is 350-400 mg;

Sources of Mg intake:
Nutrient Dense Food
Food that is high in nutrients but relatively low in
calories.
Nutrient-dense foods contain vitamins, minerals,
and good fats.

Diet for Mg Intake:
The following foods are RICH sources of magnesium
■ Pumpkin seeds:
■ Spinach.
■ Dark chocolate.
■ Black beans.
■ Almonds and nuts.
■ Cashews.
■ Avocado.
■ Salmon.

Absorption of Magnessium in Body:

Metabolic activity of Mg in body:

Benefits of Magnessium :
■ Magnesium is a mineral that supports hundreds of chemical reactions in your body
 Like:
 Energy creation: Helps to convert energy from foods and meals.
 Protein Formation: Helps to make protein from amino acids.
 Movement of Muscles:Contraction and relaxation of muscles smoothly.
 Regulation of Nervous System: By the help of regulation of Neurotransmittors.
 Maintainance of gene: In DNA and RNA.

■ Magnesium supplements enhance exercise performance in several studies.
■ It can reduce symptoms of depression in some people.
■ People who get the most magnesium have a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Moreover,
supplements have been shown to lower blood sugar in some people.
■ Magnesium helps lower blood pressure in people with elevated levels but does not
seem to have the same effect in those with normal levels.
■ Magnesium has been shown to help fight inflammation. It reduces the inflammatory
marker CRP and provides several other benefits.

■ People with frequent migraines may have low magnesium levels. Some studies show
that supplementing with this mineral can provide relief from migraines.
■ Magnesium supplements may improve insulin resistance in people with metabolic
syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
■ Magnesium supplements have been shown to improve symptoms that occur in
women with PMS(Pre-Menstrual Syndrome).

Toxicity of Magnessium :
■ The excessive increase of Magnessium levels in body causes toxicity of Magnessium.
■ When taken in very large amounts, magnesium is POSSIBLY UNSAFE.
■ Large doses might cause too much magnesium to build up in the body, causing
serious side effects.
 An irregular heartbeat.
 Low blood pressure.
 Confusion.
 Slowed breathing.
 Coma.

Summary :
 What Is Magnesium & It’s Structure?
Magnesium is a mineral which is 4th most abundant cation and 2nd most abundant
intracellular ion in our body.
 Role Of Magnesium:
 Physiology
 Pathology
 Sources Of Magnesium.
 Absorption of Magnessium in Body.
 Metabolic activity of Magnessium.
 Benefit Of Magnesium’s On Body In Daily Life.
 TOXICITY OF Magnessium.

References:
■ https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/
■ https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-proven-magnesium-benefits
■ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/magnesium-
urine-level
■ https://www.slideshare.net/rohinisane/metabolism-of-magnesium-and-its-clinical-
significance
■ https://www.Magnessiumrole.com/nutrition/importance-tsh-chach-a

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