Session 10. final course summary[ 2016
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This document summarizes John Clark's final course on violent and sexually offending young people over several weeks. It covers topics like the youth justice system, prevalence of youth crime, the murder of Jamie Bulger, media portrayals of youth crime, weapons and gangs, truth and rehabilitation versus punishment, and cycles of abuse in adolescent sex offenders. The summary emphasizes that most youth offending is non-violent and non-sexual in nature, but the most serious cases require assessment and intervention, with consideration given to other countries' approaches.
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Session 10. final course summary[ 2016
- 1. Final Course summary week 10 John Clark
- 2. Violent & sexually offending young people Essay process. 1. Initial marking 2. Moderated 3. Exam Board – June 4. July - pick up scripts from LLC
- 3. What do we mean by Youth Crime? Issues in respect of: Age; gender; class etc Age of criminal responsibility Doli Incapax Justice / Welfare pendulum Key Moments Romanticisation of crime Demonisation & Moral Panics
- 4. Social construction A perspective that begins with exploring assumptions associated with the labelling of things & emphasizes the importance of social expectations in the analysis of taken for granted & apparently natural social circumstances. (Clarke & Cochrane 1998)
- 5. How prevalent is crime? Is crime limited to a minority ‘hard core’ of the population? Is crime an activity engaged in by the majority of the population? How can we ‘know’ the extent of crime in a population
- 6. The Youth Justice System 10-18 Pre-court diversions Community or restorative resolution, Reprimands, Final Warnings Court stage (pre-conviction) Remand & bail with or without conditions, remand in custody, plea stage, conviction, acquittal, reports Court ordered interventions Common law bindover, Fines & discharges, Referral Orders, Reparation Orders, Youth Rehabilitation Orders, Custody
- 7. The murder of Jamie Bulger This event created a new anxiety about the state of youth & offending in the UK Led to the Misspent Youth report (1996) and the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 Raised debates about: What should be done with violent young offenders The age of criminal responsibility Was trying two 10 year olds in an adult court appropriate – what are the alternatives Contrast with Norway
- 8. Youth Crime & the media Distortion of the nature and incidence of crimes against the person Youth Crime reported by a deviance defining elite Stereotyping offenders Atypical crimes heavily reported Reality not reflected. Emphasis on crime waves rather than incident Moral panic produces fear of crime Crime is newsworthy
- 9. Knife Crime & knife carrying , do you regularly carry a knife? Although the 1 in 23 figure appears to be high once again, the data was further analysed to show a more realistic picture. It was clear that many students surveyed who answered “yes” to this question were for reasons such as eating or food preparation. As with the previous question, the majority of respondents who answered “yes” to this question cited the reason as being “Food Preparation/Cooking” (43), and a further 24 respondents stated they had carried a knife “in the Kitchen”. Further “legitimate” reasons given showed that 18 respondents suggested the reason for carrying as “eating” and a further 18 of the respondents gave the reason for carrying as “Outdoor Pursuits” such as Scouting, Cadets, Camping or Fishing.
- 10. Weapons & gangs Weapons Sticks, stones, knives, ropes, guns. What constitutes a weapon? Violence ‘Violence against the person’ Game over Weapons awareness game Gangs What is a gang? When is a gang not a gang
- 11. Truth, right & wrong Retributive system & the truth Evidence & proof beyond all reasonable doubt Rehabilitative system and the truth Establishing antecedents & developing treatment Restoration and truths Inclusion of victim and community introducing a different sort of truth.
- 12. Dealing with offending Retributive systems seek public accountability with a focus on punishment as a method demonstrating societal disapproval and of deterring the offender Welfare systems emphasis on antecedents concentrate on education, rehabilitation & treatment of the offender Restorative systems, re-integrative shaming, focus on re-empowering the person harmed & enabling the harm causer to accept personal responsibility John Clark 2010
- 13. Cycles of abuse, how is work with adolescent sex offenders undertaken? Sex education Challenge denial Abuse of trust and power Joint work & relapse prevention Victims or perpetrators?
- 14. Summary Most young people offend at some point in their lives Only a relatively small proportion of offending is of a serious sexual or violent nature The ability to be violent is a survival mechanism Most of us are socialised out of violence Many ordinary items can be used as weapons Weapons are generally carried for self defence but are turned on the person carrying them Most offending by youth is grown out of but a small number of adolescents offend sexually & this can be grown into
- 15. Violent & sexually offending young people Violent & sexual offending covers a wide range of behaviours and of seriousness The least serious can manifest ‘normal’ boundary challenging as part of emerging adolescence The most serious will require assessment & intervention Does the intervention need to be mandated by a criminal court order? Consider how other European country’s manage? John Clark 2011
- 16. Violent & sexually offending young people Evaluation forms Thank you for your participation Finish