Globesity Today

Globesity Today

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  Globesity Today Richard Shriner,MD
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  Maxwell, K: MEDMagazine, Feb 2008, Issue 49 • Term “Globesity” first coined byWorld Health Organization (WHO) in 2001. • Term = blend of “global and obesity.” • WHO claims as of the year 2005, 400 million worldwide obese, to increase to 700 million by 2015. • WHO claims that globesity is a worse health risk than cigarette smoking. • Globesity = principle cause of type 2 diabetes = “Diabesity.”
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  NIH CLINICAL GUIDELINESON THE IDENTIFICATION, EVALUATION, AND TREATMENT OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN ADULTS, 1998 • BMI is the widest used measure for obesity. • A BMI greater than or equal to 30 = obesity. • Obesity is a major killer worldwide increasing both morbidity (getting a disease) and mortality (dying from a disease) for the following diseases:  Diabetes (type 2 diabetes)  Heart disease (hypertension/coronary artery disease)  Stroke  Liver disease (fatty liver)  Certain cancers (endometrial, breast, prostate and colon)  Osteoarthritis  Sleep apnea  Hypercholesterolemia
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  J R SocMed Sh Rep 2012;3:45. • Worldwide prevalence of obesity (# of cases at a given time) doubled between 1980 and 2008. • Worldwide: 10% of men, 14% of women were obese in 2008. • In the U.S., 70% adults classified as overweight vs. 25%, 40 years ago. • Global Disability Adjusted LifeYears (DALYs) for overweight/obese rivals or exceeds that of tobacco.
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  http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html • More thana 1/3 of U.S. citizens are obese. • Medical costs are $1,429/yr. more for obese. • Non-Hispanic blacks = highest obesity (49.5%), Mexican Americans (40.4%), non-Hispanic whites (39.3%). • No correlation between education and obesity in men, in women with better education = trend toward less obesity. • In 2008 estimated medical costs for obesity = $147 billion.
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  Indian J MedRes. Nov 2010; 132(5): 598–607 • Worldwide over 22 million under age 5 are obese, 1 in 10 children overweight. • In developing countries children from higher incomes are more obese, in developed countries opposite occurs with higher obesity rates in lower incomes. • Worldwide urbanization (nb. fast food), oversized portions, high carb beverages, increased television time and more sedentary lifestyles are associated with higher child and adolescent obesity. • Risk of obesity persisting into adulthood is higher among obese adolescents, some studies suggest 80% overweight adolescents may become obese adults.
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  Susan Z. Yanovski,M.D., and Jack A. Yanovski, M.D., Ph.D. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:987-989 March 17, 2011 • CDC NHANES Study reveals prevalence of obesity in women (35.5%) and child/adolescents from the ages or 2-19 yrs (16.9%) may be stabilizing over last 10 yrs. • CDC NHANES Study reveals prevalence of obesity for men (32.2%) has not changed since 2003. • CAUTION: prevalence of obesity in heaviest of boys (BMI at or above 97th percentile) continues to INCREASE for those in the CDC NHANES Study. • Growing evidence that children now have diseases like type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, hypertension. • “The trend toward stabilization of obesity rates could be temporary.”
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  1 Zimmermann E,Holst C, Sørensen TIA (2011) Morbidity, Including Fatal Morbidity, Throughout Life in Men Entering Adult Life as Obese. PLoS ONE 6(4):e18546. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018546 2 http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2013/05/29/obesity-growing-fastest-in-africa-and-latin-america-un/ • Some studies argue that men entering adult life obese have twice the mortality when compared with the mortality in the underlying population.1 • WHO reports that obesity is growing the fastest in Africa and Latin America.2 • LatestWHO figures show 1/3 of adults worldwide are overweight, 1 in 10 are obese.2 • Even if obesity rates are stabilizing in high-income nations, the rest are seeing obesity rates climb at an alarming rate as they adoptWestern diets/lifestyles.
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  1 J PublicHealth Manag Pract 2013 Jul-Aug;19(4) 2 J Sports Med Phys fitness 2013;53:177-84 • Focus on child and adolescent diet and exercise where early prevention is key. • Increase involvement of family and community resources which have been shown to be of tremendous impact on obesity outcomes in children and adolescents.1 • Studies have clearly demonstrated that those adolescents who are engaged earlier in life with leisure time physical activity (LTPA) may enjoy greater fitness in adulthood.2 • Understand the unique vulnerabilities of adolescents to addictions3 and the possible contribution of certain addictive foods toward exacerbating obesity.4 3 Journal of Adolescent Health 52 (2013) S39–S42 4 Avena, N and Gold, M Addiction, 106, 1213–1220
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  • Globesity hasthe same or greater impact on global health as cigarette smoking. • Globesity is the greatest contributor to type 2 diabetes, one of the major global killers. • Treatment of children and adolescents will be key to defeating globesity over time. • Implementation of modern advances in medicine, such as the science of food addiction, may offer new hope in defeating globesity, here, and the world over.