Single qubit-gates operations
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The document outlines the implementation of single-qubit gates using Qiskit, including operations such as X, Y, Z, and measurement in the X-basis. It demonstrates the creation of quantum circuits, initialization of qubits, and visualization of results through state vectors and histograms. Additionally, it highlights warnings related to deprecated features in matplotlib used for visualizations.
![single-qubit-gates
July 9, 2021
[5]: import numpy as np
# Importing standard Qiskit libraries
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, transpile, Aer, IBMQ, assemble
from qiskit.tools.jupyter import *
from qiskit.visualization import *
from ibm_quantum_widgets import *
from math import pi, sqrt
# Loading your IBM Quantum account(s)
provider = IBMQ.load_account()
sim = Aer.get_backend('aer_simulator')
ibmqfactory.load_account:WARNING:2021-07-09 12:42:26,306: Credentials are
already in use. The existing account in the session will be replaced.
[6]: # Let's do an X-gate on a |0> qubit
qc = QuantumCircuit(1)
qc.x(0)
qc.draw()
[6]:
[7]: # Let's see the result
qc.save_statevector()
qobj = assemble(qc)
state = sim.run(qobj).result().get_statevector()
plot_bloch_multivector(state)
/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/qiskit/visualization/bloch.py:69:
MatplotlibDeprecationWarning:
The M attribute was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.4 and will be removed two minor
1](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/single-qubit-gates-210709131305/85/Single-qubit-gates-operations-1-320.jpg)
![releases later. Use self.axes.M instead.
x_s, y_s, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M)
[7]:
[8]: # Run the code in this cell to see the widget
from qiskit_textbook.widgets import gate_demo
gate_demo(gates='pauli')
/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/qiskit/visualization/bloch.py:69:
MatplotlibDeprecationWarning:
The M attribute was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.4 and will be removed two minor
releases later. Use self.axes.M instead.
x_s, y_s, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M)
HBox(children=(Button(description='X', layout=Layout(height='3em', width='3em'), style=ButtonSt
Image(value=b'x89PNGrnx1anx00x00x00rIHDRx00x00x01 x00x00x01 x08x06x00x00x00
[9]: qc.y(0) # Do Y-gate on qubit 0
qc.z(0) # Do Z-gate on qubit 0
qc.draw()
[9]:
2](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/single-qubit-gates-210709131305/85/Single-qubit-gates-operations-2-320.jpg)
![[10]: # Run the code in this cell to see the widget
from qiskit_textbook.widgets import gate_demo
gate_demo(gates='pauli+h')
/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/qiskit/visualization/bloch.py:69:
MatplotlibDeprecationWarning:
The M attribute was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.4 and will be removed two minor
releases later. Use self.axes.M instead.
x_s, y_s, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M)
HBox(children=(Button(description='X', layout=Layout(height='3em', width='3em'), style=ButtonSt
Image(value=b'x89PNGrnx1anx00x00x00rIHDRx00x00x01 x00x00x01 x08x06x00x00x00
[11]: # Create the X-measurement function:
def x_measurement(qc, qubit, cbit):
"""Measure 'qubit' in the X-basis, and store the result in 'cbit'"""
qc.h(qubit)
qc.measure(qubit, cbit)
return qc
initial_state = [1/sqrt(2), -1/sqrt(2)]
# Initialize our qubit and measure it
qc = QuantumCircuit(1,1)
qc.initialize(initial_state, 0)
x_measurement(qc, 0, 0) # measure qubit 0 to classical bit 0
qc.draw()
[11]:
3](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/single-qubit-gates-210709131305/85/Single-qubit-gates-operations-3-320.jpg)
![[12]: qobj = assemble(qc) # Assemble circuit into a Qobj that can be run
counts = sim.run(qobj).result().get_counts() # Do the simulation, returning␣
,
→the state vector
plot_histogram(counts) # Display the output on measurement of state vector
[12]:
[13]: # Run the code in this cell to see the widget
from qiskit_textbook.widgets import gate_demo
gate_demo(gates='pauli+h+p')
/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/qiskit/visualization/bloch.py:69:
MatplotlibDeprecationWarning:
The M attribute was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.4 and will be removed two minor
releases later. Use self.axes.M instead.
x_s, y_s, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M)
VBox(children=(HBox(children=(Button(description='X', layout=Layout(height='3em', width='3em'),
Image(value=b'x89PNGrnx1anx00x00x00rIHDRx00x00x01 x00x00x01 x08x06x00x00x00
4](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/single-qubit-gates-210709131305/85/Single-qubit-gates-operations-4-320.jpg)
![[14]: qc = QuantumCircuit(1)
qc.p(pi/4, 0)
qc.draw()
[14]:
[15]: qc = QuantumCircuit(1)
qc.s(0) # Apply S-gate to qubit 0
qc.sdg(0) # Apply Sdg-gate to qubit 0
qc.draw()
[15]:
[16]: qc = QuantumCircuit(1)
qc.t(0) # Apply T-gate to qubit 0
qc.tdg(0) # Apply Tdg-gate to qubit 0
qc.draw()
[16]:
[17]: # Run the code in this cell to see the widget
from qiskit_textbook.widgets import gate_demo
gate_demo()
/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/qiskit/visualization/bloch.py:69:
MatplotlibDeprecationWarning:
The M attribute was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.4 and will be removed two minor
5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/single-qubit-gates-210709131305/85/Single-qubit-gates-operations-5-320.jpg)
![releases later. Use self.axes.M instead.
x_s, y_s, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M)
VBox(children=(HBox(children=(Button(description='I', layout=Layout(height='3em', width='3em'),
Image(value=b'x89PNGrnx1anx00x00x00rIHDRx00x00x01 x00x00x01 x08x06x00x00x00
[ ]: #Executed by Bhadale IT in IBM Quantum Lab ( https://www.bhadaleit.com)
6](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/single-qubit-gates-210709131305/85/Single-qubit-gates-operations-6-320.jpg)
Single qubit-gates operations
- 1. single-qubit-gates July 9, 2021 [5]: import numpy as np # Importing standard Qiskit libraries from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, transpile, Aer, IBMQ, assemble from qiskit.tools.jupyter import * from qiskit.visualization import * from ibm_quantum_widgets import * from math import pi, sqrt # Loading your IBM Quantum account(s) provider = IBMQ.load_account() sim = Aer.get_backend('aer_simulator') ibmqfactory.load_account:WARNING:2021-07-09 12:42:26,306: Credentials are already in use. The existing account in the session will be replaced. [6]: # Let's do an X-gate on a |0> qubit qc = QuantumCircuit(1) qc.x(0) qc.draw() [6]: [7]: # Let's see the result qc.save_statevector() qobj = assemble(qc) state = sim.run(qobj).result().get_statevector() plot_bloch_multivector(state) /opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/qiskit/visualization/bloch.py:69: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: The M attribute was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.4 and will be removed two minor 1
- 2. releases later. Use self.axes.M instead. x_s, y_s, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M) [7]: [8]: # Run the code in this cell to see the widget from qiskit_textbook.widgets import gate_demo gate_demo(gates='pauli') /opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/qiskit/visualization/bloch.py:69: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: The M attribute was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.4 and will be removed two minor releases later. Use self.axes.M instead. x_s, y_s, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M) HBox(children=(Button(description='X', layout=Layout(height='3em', width='3em'), style=ButtonSt Image(value=b'x89PNGrnx1anx00x00x00rIHDRx00x00x01 x00x00x01 x08x06x00x00x00 [9]: qc.y(0) # Do Y-gate on qubit 0 qc.z(0) # Do Z-gate on qubit 0 qc.draw() [9]: 2
- 3. [10]: # Run the code in this cell to see the widget from qiskit_textbook.widgets import gate_demo gate_demo(gates='pauli+h') /opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/qiskit/visualization/bloch.py:69: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: The M attribute was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.4 and will be removed two minor releases later. Use self.axes.M instead. x_s, y_s, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M) HBox(children=(Button(description='X', layout=Layout(height='3em', width='3em'), style=ButtonSt Image(value=b'x89PNGrnx1anx00x00x00rIHDRx00x00x01 x00x00x01 x08x06x00x00x00 [11]: # Create the X-measurement function: def x_measurement(qc, qubit, cbit): """Measure 'qubit' in the X-basis, and store the result in 'cbit'""" qc.h(qubit) qc.measure(qubit, cbit) return qc initial_state = [1/sqrt(2), -1/sqrt(2)] # Initialize our qubit and measure it qc = QuantumCircuit(1,1) qc.initialize(initial_state, 0) x_measurement(qc, 0, 0) # measure qubit 0 to classical bit 0 qc.draw() [11]: 3
- 4. [12]: qobj = assemble(qc) # Assemble circuit into a Qobj that can be run counts = sim.run(qobj).result().get_counts() # Do the simulation, returning␣ , →the state vector plot_histogram(counts) # Display the output on measurement of state vector [12]: [13]: # Run the code in this cell to see the widget from qiskit_textbook.widgets import gate_demo gate_demo(gates='pauli+h+p') /opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/qiskit/visualization/bloch.py:69: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: The M attribute was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.4 and will be removed two minor releases later. Use self.axes.M instead. x_s, y_s, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M) VBox(children=(HBox(children=(Button(description='X', layout=Layout(height='3em', width='3em'), Image(value=b'x89PNGrnx1anx00x00x00rIHDRx00x00x01 x00x00x01 x08x06x00x00x00 4
- 5. [14]: qc = QuantumCircuit(1) qc.p(pi/4, 0) qc.draw() [14]: [15]: qc = QuantumCircuit(1) qc.s(0) # Apply S-gate to qubit 0 qc.sdg(0) # Apply Sdg-gate to qubit 0 qc.draw() [15]: [16]: qc = QuantumCircuit(1) qc.t(0) # Apply T-gate to qubit 0 qc.tdg(0) # Apply Tdg-gate to qubit 0 qc.draw() [16]: [17]: # Run the code in this cell to see the widget from qiskit_textbook.widgets import gate_demo gate_demo() /opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/qiskit/visualization/bloch.py:69: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: The M attribute was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.4 and will be removed two minor 5
- 6. releases later. Use self.axes.M instead. x_s, y_s, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, renderer.M) VBox(children=(HBox(children=(Button(description='I', layout=Layout(height='3em', width='3em'), Image(value=b'x89PNGrnx1anx00x00x00rIHDRx00x00x01 x00x00x01 x08x06x00x00x00 [ ]: #Executed by Bhadale IT in IBM Quantum Lab ( https://www.bhadaleit.com) 6