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Similar to S2 GE Slides - Population Pyramid
S2 GE Slides - Population Pyramid
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- 2. Today, we willlearn to: } Define ‘population growth’ } DESCRIBE the trend of world population growth } EXPLAIN the following terms: - Birth Rate - Death Rate - Rate of Natural Increase } Define ‘population density’ } DESCRIBE the difference between population growth and population density } DESCRIBE the distribution of world population } EXPLAIN the factors influencing population distribution - Physical Environment - Level of Technology
- 3. World Population Growth Populationgrowth refers to: } A change in population number } This change can be positive or negative
- 4. Fig 1: Thisgraph shows the World Population from 1800 to 2100. Q) Is the world’s population… OR
- 5. Q) Describe thechange in world population from 1960 to 2040. Remember to quote DATA from Fig1. Write your answer in the box below:
- 6. 1800 to 1900, 1900to 1950, world population grew very slowly. world population grew quickly.
- 7. Q) What happenedafter 1950s? Rapid Rate of Increase in population growth after 1950s
- 8. i. 1800 to1940: _______________Gentle
- 9. i. 1940 to2040: _______________Steep
- 10. Reasons for RapidPopulation Growth: > 1. Number of births exceeds the number of deaths. 2. Better medical and healthcare, and improved hygiene. 3. Increased in food supply due to advances in technology.
- 11. Important terms youneed to know: Birth rate (BR): number of live births per 1000 people per year Death rate (DR): number of deaths per 1000 people per year Rate of Natural Increase: Birth rate – Death rate
- 12. Study the followingtable and fill in the boxes: BR (per 1000 people) DR (per 1000 people) Rate of Natural Increase = BR – DR (in numbers) Rate of Natural Increase 22 17 18 25 18 18 +5 -7 0 Increase Decrease Zero
- 13. Population Density It isthe number of people living in a unit of land. It is expressed in the number of people per sq. km of land. For e.g. Singapore’s population density is at 7253.43/km2
- 14. The data onpopulation densities can be presented in several ways. For example: } Table } Bar chart } Maps } Pie chart
- 15. Formula of PopulationDensity: Population Density = Total number of people / Total land area Countries Total no. of people Total land area (km2) Population density (per km2) A 150, 000 500 B 2050 1000 C 400, 000 200 1. Which country is the most densely populated? ________ 2. Which country is the least densely populated? ________ 300 2.05 2000 C B
- 16. What does thecolours tell you about the world population density? Are population densities the same throughout the world? Fig 2: World Population Densities from 2000 to 2010.
- 17. } Even withina country, people are not evenly distributed } Cities – generally higher population densities } Countryside – generally lower population densities Q) What are some reasons for the uneven distribution of people in different parts of the world, or even within a country? Important points to note:
- 18. } Which environmentsare SUITABLE for people to live in? } Which environments are NOT SUITABLE for people to live in? Q) What are some reasons for the uneven distribution of people in different parts of the world, or even within a country? Think:
- 19. 1. Physical environment } People tend to love areas where there is fertile soil and favourable climate. } River deltas: large population due to fertile sediments along the river. } Mountains or deserts: harsh climates unsuitable for human beings to settle in. Settlements at the base of Mt. Mayon in Philippines Few people live in places such as the Sahara desert, where the climate is hot and dry. Factors influencing population distribution: TEXTBOOK PG 14 to 15
- 20. 2. Level ofTechnology } People use tools, skills and knowledge to meet their needs. } Technology can convert harsh environments into suitable living environments. Water can be channelled from a river into the desert. E.g. Las Vegas, USA.
- 21. Developments along Nile River,Cairo, Egypt. A lone hut in the alps of Chimborazo, Ecuador. 2. Level of Technology
- 22. Population distribution: Refers tothe spread of people over a unit of land. Homework – HANDOUT PG 3
- 23. Describe the populationdistribution of these maps: Fig 3: Population distribution of China. Fig 4: Population distribution of USA. Relatively densely populated at the eastern part (ie. crowded) Relatively sparsely populated
- 24. Chapter 2: Population GEOG/Population/2014 RECAPON LAST LESSON
- 25. Checklist J } Keyterms learned last lesson: q Birth rate q Death rate q Rate of natural increase q Population density
- 26. We will learnto: q Infer the DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS of countries experiencing high or low rate of population from population pyramid. q Explain the CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES and RESPONSES to high or low rate of population growth. q Give EXAMPLES of places that are experiencing high or low rate of population growth.
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- 28. POPULATION PYRAMIDS! J } Itis used to show the pattern of population growth } What does it tell us about? } People in different age groups } Proportion of males to females
- 29. HANDOUT PG 3(bottom) Age group Number of people in each age group
- 30. Description of Pyramid Youth &children Elderly Large proportion of Broad base Working population Triangular shaped Small proportion of Narrow top
- 31. Description of Pyramid Youth &children Large proportion of Broad base Working population Triangular shaped Working population is smaller than the young More young dependents for the working population to feed
- 32. Description of Pyramid Youth &children Large proportion of Broad base Triangular shaped High birth rate =
- 33. What Causes HighBirth Rate? Youth & children Large proportion of Broad base High birth rate = • Lack of family planning & early marriages • Less educated couples know little about use of contraceptives • Preference for sons & need for farm labour • Religious beliefs (eg. Hindu ceremonies require sons to perform religious rituals for parents) Where? In less developing countries
- 34. Population Growth Rate Youth &children Large proportion of Broad base Working population High High birth rate =
- 35. High population growthrate Consequences: } Higher demand for resources Ø “high growing population results in an increased need for water and food.As such, India might not produce enough to feed the high growing population.” } Higher demand for housing } Higher demand for education } Higher demand for jobs } Environmental problems Because: BR > number of deaths Eat Stay Study Work
- 37. To you, all thesethings might just be stuff you study for exams… But, these are REAL LIFE situations L How would you feel if you lived under such conditions?
- 38. Actions to ManageHigh Growth Rate } Education on family planning } Eg. In India and Bangladesh, couples are taught how to control their family size
- 39. Actions to ManageHigh Growth Rate } Incentives (rewards) and penalties • Monetary incentives are given to couples with fewer children • Higher taxes imposed on couples who have more children China uses both!
- 40. Actions to ManageHigh Growth Rate } Incentives (rewards) and penalties } Incentives: housing & education subsidies are given to couples who pledge to have only one child } Penalties: couples with more than one child were heavily fined Eg. China’s ‘one-child’ policy
- 41. Triangular shaped pyramid issuper duper ultra mega important for you to know!
- 42. Recap on Pyramid Youths& ChildrenBroad base Triangular shaped Small proportion of ElderlyNarrow top High birth rate (BR > DR) In LDCS High popn growth rate has to support large number of young dependents Working population
- 43. Recap on Pyramid Youths& ChildrenBroad base Triangular shaped Small proportion of ElderlyNarrow top High birth rate (BR > DR) In LDCS High popn growth rate has to support large number of young dependents Working population Factors for high BR Consequences of high popn growth rate Managing high growth rate
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- 46. Description of PyramidBee-hiveshaped Working population Young & children Elderly
- 47. Description of PyramidBee-hiveshaped Young & children Elderly Working population Large number of More people working to support the young and old dependents
- 48. Broad top: • Increasingnumber of elderly dependents • (so many elderly still alive! J) • Low death rate Compare PG 3 with 5 Broad top Narrow top Factors for low death rate: • Higher standards of hygiene • Better nutrition • Better medical & health care
- 49. Working population Young & children Feweryoung people Factors for low birth rate: • Later / fewer marriages • Preference for smaller families Fewer young people = Low birth rate maybe because raising children is expensive!
- 50. Working population Young & children PopulationGrowth RateLow Low / Decreasing birth rate Fewer young people = Low birth rate
- 51. Consequences of LOW population growth rate Low birthrate } Ageing population } “the country will have more elderly” } Higher taxes } Smaller talent pool / reduced workforce } “there will be fewer people to lead and serve the country and thus each working person will have to pay more taxes to fund public projects such as swimming pools…”
- 52. Actions to ManageLow Growth Rate } Extend working life (ie. increase retirement age) } Encourage financial planning Problems: - Ageing population - Higher taxes - Smaller talent pool / reduced workforce
- 53. Actions to ManageLow Growth Rate } Meeting the needs of the elderly } Building more facilities like clinics and hospitals } Helping the elderly keep fit (eg. exercise classes at community centres) } Encourage families to look after their elderly Broad top More elderly dependents Problems: - Ageing population
- 54. Actions to ManageLow Growth Rate } Encouraging marriage and childbearing } Reduced taxes } Setting up more childcare centres To increase birth rate!
- 55. • High birthrate (BR > DR) • Low birth rate • Low death rate • High population growth rate • Low population growth rate • Experienced in less developed countries • Experienced in developed countries • Large working population • Large number of young dependents • Large number of old dependents Summary Bee-hive shapedTriangular shaped
- 56. Checklist J } Keyterms: q Birth rate q Death rate q Rate of natural increase q Population density } Types of population pyramid: q Triangular shaped q Bee-hive shaped