S3 GE Slides - Tourism GW2

Tourism :
a Global Phenomenon?
Chapter 1
Global Tourism
Gateway 2

Samburu National Reserve, Kenya

Sasaab Lodge,
Samburu National
Reserve, Kenya

Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1)  Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal

Tourism

2)  Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism

3)  The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

Tourism Industry
1)  Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism

•  Since
the
1980s,
interna1onal
tourism
has

become
increasingly
diverse
in
its
origins

and
its
des1na1ons.

•  In
par1cular,
the
Asian
Paciﬁc
region
has

become
an
increasingly
popular
tourist

des1na1on.

Tourism Industry
1)  Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism

Before
the
1980s,

most
of
the
tourists

were
visi1ng
Europe

Tourism Industry
1)  Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism

Since
2004,

Asia
Paciﬁc
has

overtaken
the

Americas
in
tourist

arrivals.

Tourism Industry
1)  Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism

In
Asia
Paciﬁc,

tourist
arrivals
grew

from
8.2%
to
21.7%

from
1980
to
2010

(almost
3
*mes

growth
within
3

decades!)

Tourism Industry
1)  Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism

OMG!
Asia Pacific is
now the 2nd most
visited region!

Tourism Industry
1)  Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism

Change in tourist origins & destinations
More
than
half

of
all
interna1onal

tourists
s1ll
originate

from
the
world’s
most

developed
countries

(eg.
tourists
origina1ng

from
Europe
&

North
America)

479.2

Tourism Industry
1)  Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism


Tourism Industry
1)  Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism

But
increasingly,

there
are
more

interna1onal
tourists

from
the
rapidly

developing
countries

(e.g.
China,
India,
Brazil)

FLOW LINE MAP showing Tourist flows in 2010
Tourist

origin

Tourist

des*na*on

Two-‐way

movement

One-‐way

movement

FLOW LINE MAP showing Tourist flows in 2010

•  Tourist
origins
and
des1na1ons
are

unevenly
distributed
throughout
the
world

Places
are
never
the
same!

Uneven
geography

That’s
why
it
is
important
to
study
geography

to
understand
why
and
how
places
are

diﬀerent
throughout
the
world!!!!

Tourism Industry
2)
Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism

Domes1c
tourism:

RECAP:

Domes0c

tourism
refers

to
tourism

within
a

tourist’s
own

country.

Tourism Industry
2)
Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism

Domes1c
tourism:

•  Has
grown
alongside
interna1onal

tourism

•  Con1nues
to
be
the
most
popular

form
of
tourism

What are the advantages of travelling
within your own region (ie. engaging in domestic
tourism) rather than international tourism?

Tourism Industry
2)
Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism

The
importance
of
domes1c
tourism:

•  For
Philippines,

•  For
China,

domes1c
tourism
is
at
its
peak
during

LNY

Interna0onal

Tourism
Receipts

US
$3.2
billion

Domes0c

Tourism
Receipts

US
$22.9
billion

<

Tourism Industry
2)
Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism

Domes1c
tourism
in
Singapore:

•  There
are
very
few
domes1c
tourists

•  Due
to
our
small
size
&
accessibility,
it

imprac1cal
for
residents
to
rent

accommoda1ons
overnight
near
the
tourist

a`rac1on.

WHAT ABOUT IN SINGAPORE? DOMESTIC TOURISTS??

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

Factors
leading
to
the
evolu1on:

•  The
growth
of
tourism
(ie.
the
vol
of
travel)

•  Improvements
in
transporta1on
systems

have
sped
up
travel
1me
and
carries
more

people.

•  This
has
given
rise
to
mass
tourism

and
increased
long-‐haul
des1na1ons.

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

Factors
leading
to
the
evolu1on:

•  The
growth
in
people’s
income

(ie.
people
becoming
more
aﬄuent)

•  This
has
led
to
the
demand
of
niche

tourism.

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

Tourism
has
evolved
since
the
1950s!

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

(a)
Diﬀerent
forms
of
tourism:

•  Travel that involves large numbers of tourists
visiting a particular place together.
•  It is the most popular form of tourism as it is
often the cheapest way to holiday, and is often
sold as a package holiday.
Mass tourism

Tourism Industry

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

(a)
Diﬀerent
forms
of
tourism:

•  Package holidays usually involve a tour arranged
by a travel agent.
•  The package usually includes transportation,
accommodation and meals.
Package holidays

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

(a)
Diﬀerent
forms
of
tourism:

•  The package also includes the service of local
tour guides who are able to converse with the
tourists and are knowledgeable about the sites of
visit.

Package holidays

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

(a)
Diﬀerent
forms
of
tourism:

•  A special-interest tourism that can be done by
independent travellers or combined with tour
packages.
•  Niche tourism appeals to travellers who seek
‘new’ destinations, activities, adventures and
experiences.
Niche tourism

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

Egs
of
niche
tourism

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

(a)
Diﬀerent
forms
of
tourism:

•  Responsible travel to natural areas that
conserves the environment and improves
the well-being of local people.
•  Eg. visits to national parks, nature reserves
and marine parks.
Ecotourism

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of

Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

Waitomo
Caves
in

New
Zealand

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

6
principles
of
Ecotourism
according
to

The
Interna*onal
Ecotourism
Society
(TIES):

Minimise
impact
on

natural
environment,

biodiversity
&
local

community

Build

environmental
and

cultural
awareness

and
respect.

Provide
posi1ve

experiences
for

both
visitors

and
hosts.

Provide
direct

financial

benefits
for

conserva1on.

Provide
financial

benefits
and

empowerment
of

local
people.

Raise
sensi1vity
to
host

countries’
poli1cal,

environmental
and

social
climate.

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

(b)
Distance
away
from
tourist’s
home
country:

•  Destinations that are a short distance away from
the tourist’s home country
•  (generally less than six hours of travel).
Short-haul destinations

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

(b)
Distance
away
from
tourist’s
home
country:

•  The flight time from
Singapore to Thailand
is approximately 2 hrs.
•  Q) Thailand a ____________________ from
Singapore
short-haul destination

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

(b)
Distance
away
from
tourist’s
home
country:

•  Destinations that are a long distance away from
the tourist’s home country
•  (usually reachable by six hours or more flight
travel).
Long-haul destinations

Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to

Niche
Tourism

(b)
Distance
away
from
tourist’s
home
country:

•  The flight time from Singapore to the USA is
approximately 19 hours.
•  Q) The USA is a ___________________ from
Singapore
long-haul destination

S3 GE Slides - Tourism GW2

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S3 GE Slides - Tourism GW2