smart grid introduction analysis and importance
- 1. Smart Grid Technologies Dr. K. Rayudu Professor EEE Department BVRIT Narsapur, Telangana Presented by
- 2. Topics to be covered At the end of the chapters, the students able to learn: Smart grid landscape and Its characteristics Smart grid Scenario in Indian power sector Smart grid architecture Smart Sensors Communication technologies – Wired and without wired Network Structures (HAN, LAN, NAN, WAN) Smart Metering Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI) Standards of Smart Grid
- 3. Smart grid landscape and Its characteristics
- 6. The digital technology that allows for two-way communication between the utility and its customers, and the sensing along the transmission lines is what makes the grid smart. Like the Internet, the Smart Grid will consist of • Controls • Computers • Automation and • New technologies and equipment working together These technologies will work with the electrical grid to respond digitally to our quickly changing electric demand. What Makes a Grid “Smart?”
- 7. The Smart Grid represents an unprecedented opportunity to move the energy industry into a new era of reliability, availability, and efficiency that will contribute to our economic and environmental health. During the transition period, it will be critical to carry out testing, technology improvements, consumer education, development of standards and regulations, and information sharing between projects to ensure that the benefits we envision from the Smart Grid become a reality. The benefits associated with the Smart Grid include: More efficient transmission of electricity Quicker restoration of electricity after power disturbances Reduced operations and management costs for utilities, and ultimately lower power costs for consumers Reduced peak demand, which will also help lower electricity rates Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems Better integration of customer-owner power generation systems, including renewable energy systems Improved security What does a Smart Grid do?
- 8. “A smart grid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it-generators, consumers and those that do both-in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supply. A smart grid employs innovative products and services together with intelligent monitoring, control, communication, and self-healing technologies to it. Smart Grid - Definitions a) European Technology platform for smart grid (2006) “Grid 2030 envisions fully automated power delivery network that monitors and controls every customer and node, ensuring two-way flow of information and electricity between the power plant and the appliance, and all point in between” b) U.S. department of energy (DOE) “The smart grid is a developing network of transmission lines, equipment, control, and new technologies working together to respond immediately to our 21st century demand for electricity”. c) international electro technical commission (IEC)
- 9. Comparison between Existing grid Vs Smart Grid
- 10. The main characteristics of smart grids are explained below, Enables informed participation by customers. Consumers help balance supply and demand, and ensure reliability by modifying the way they use and purchase electricity. These modifications come as a result of consumers having choices that motivate different purchasing patterns and behavior. These choices involve new technologies, new information about their electricity use, and new forms of electricity pricing and incentives. Accommodates all generation and storage options. A smart grid accommodates not only large, centralized power plants, but also the growing array of customer-sited distributed energy resources. Integration of these resources – including renewables, small-scale combined heat and power, and energy storage – will increase rapidly all along the value chain, from suppliers to marketers to customers Smart grids characteristics
- 11. Enables new products, services and market. Correctly designed and operated markets efficiently create an opportunity for consumers to choose among competing services. Some of the independent grid variables that must be explicitly managed are energy, capacity, location, time, rate of change and quality. Markets can play a major role in the management of these variables. Regulators, owners/operators and consumers need the flexibility to modify the rules of business to suit operating and market conditions Provides the power quality for the range of needs. Not all commercial enterprises, and certainly not all residential customers, need the same quality of power. A smart grid supplies varying grades (and prices) of power. The cost of premium power-quality features can be included in the electrical service contract. Advanced control methods monitor essential components, enabling rapid diagnosis and solutions to events that impact power quality, such as lightning, switching surges, line faults and harmonic sources. Optimizes asset utilization and operating efficiency. A smart grid applies the latest technologies to optimize the use of its assets. For example, optimized capacity can be attainable with dynamic ratings, which allow assets to be used at greater loads by continuously sensing and rating their capacities. Maintenance efficiency can be optimized with condition-based maintenance, which signals the need for equipment maintenance at precisely the right time.
- 12. If, you see the Indian power sector the energy shared we do have the major share from coal, which is as high as 59 percent and then we do have renewable which had a wonderful stack of 17 percent followed by hydro, which is 14 percent and then we have nuclear and diesel are of single digit and gas is of double digit percentage contribution respectively. But, It is very keen to mention something very specific here that the renewable energy contribution in India is close to 57 giga watt and that is close to 17 percent of the total energy mix.
- 14. Now, if you look at the current status in this country the installed capacity, over last 10 years, The wind energy installation is keep on increasing. The PVs also keep on increasing, the biomass is also keep on increasing, and the hydro is keep on increasing. So, today we can easily see the hydro which is very close to 40 giga watt and wind which is very close to 28 giga watt, and my PV which is very close to 8 giga watt and my biomass, which is close to 6 giga watt. But, one interesting scenario that we all can see here, when you come back to the year 2020 now we can see that PV installation will go as close to a 98 to 100 giga watt which is a great challenge wind which is close to 60 giga watt and hydro may go up to 78 giga watt and then biomass may be close to 10 giga watt. So, in 2022 may be another 4 to 5 years going to add as high as 250 giga watt renewables in the system.
- 15. Smart grid architecture The smart grid architecture will wonderfully connect all residences, electric vehicles, cities with renewable energy sources through an efficient energy management system. Now, the smart grid components are of major components of smart grid are classified as follows, Smart infrastructure Smart communication Smart management Smart protection systems
- 18. Smart sensor networks used as a monitoring and measuring a unit for grid need of sensor in the smart grid is mainly; because of it is quality of service, resource constraints, remote maintenance and configurations, high security requirements, harsh environmental conditions. Now, one more important point here is to emphasize that we need to have phasor measurement units that is PMUs. PMU mainly measures the electrical waves of an electrical grid to determine the health of the system.
- 19. Smart communication it deals with the connectivity and information transmission among systems, devices, and applications. Reliable and effective information exchange is a key to the success of the future smart grid. Basic functional requirements; need to have quality of service of data: critical data (example grid status information must be delivered promptly) high reliability. Guaranteeing the reliability of such a large and heterogeneous network is not a trivial task. High availability and coverage; This is mandated by the principle that the smart grid can respond to any event in the grid in time, it must guarantee security and privacy
- 25. Smart Metering Here prior to 1970s, this smart metering concept was 0, no communication first of all no communication upto almost around 1995. So, this period is basically we have started the smart metering technology And within this 2000 to 2020; 20 to 20 these are the things smart metering, two way communications we have demand response, we have remote connect disconnect facility.
- 26. Convection metering structure : It could see here is the residential building, we have convectional meters next we have manual reading. It doesn’t have this NAN or WAN structure communication infrastructure. And manual or automated processing then we have the database Smart metering infrastructure : it has home area network (HAM), Local area network (LAN), Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) and Wide Area Network, (WAN) and the gate way and have meter data management and then have database. Home area network (HAM) Local area network (LAN) Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) Wide Area Network, (WAN) Convection Vs Smart metering Smart metering Consists of the following networks,
- 28. Major components of the smart meters Signal Acquisition Signal Conditioning Analog – Digital conversion Computations Communication
- 33. Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI) AMI is the convergence of the grid, the communication infrastructure, and the supporting information infrastructure. The functions of AMI can be subdivided into three major categories: 1. Market applications: Serve to reduce/eliminate labor, transportation, and infrastructure costs associated with meter reading and maintenance, increase accuracy of billing, and allow for time - based rates while reducing bad debts; facilitates informed customer participation for energy management. 2. Customer applications: serves to increase customer awareness about load reduction, reduces bad debt, and improves cash flow, and enhances customer convenience and satisfaction; provides demand response and load management to improve system reliability and performance • Distribution operations: curtails customer load for grid management, optimizes network based on data collected, allows for the location of outages and restoration of service, improves customer satisfaction, reduces energy losses, improves performance in event of outage with reduced outage duration and optimization of the distribution system and distributed generation management, provides emergency demand response