Social 20: The 8 stages of the cambodian genocide
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- 5. CLASSIFICATION Definition: Cambodia: All cultures have categories to distinguish people into “us” and “them” by ethnicity, race, religion or nationality; German an Jew, Hutu and Tutsi. Bipolar societies that lack mixed categories, such as Rwanda and Burundi, are most likely to have genocide. The resistance of Pol Pot classified people by; intellectuals, educated people, professionals, monks, religious enthusiasts, Buddhists, Muslims, Christians, ethnic Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai or of any of those ancestry.
- 6. What is symbolization? Cambodia: We give names or other symbols to the classifications. We name people “Jews” or “Gypsies,” or distinguish them by colors or dress; and apply the symbols to members of groups. Classification and symbolization are universal human and do not necessarily result in genocide unless they lead to the next stage, dehumanization. When combined with hatred, symbols may be forced upon unwilling members of pariah groups. The blue scarf was the yellow star, which symbolizes the classification made by the Khmer Rouge Central Committee and imposed by its own cadres in Phnom Penh. Symbolization
- 7. Definition: Cambodia: One group denies the humanity of the other group. Members of it are equated with animals, vermin. Insects or disease. Dehumanization overcomes the normal human revulsion against murder. At this stage, hate propaganda in print and on hate radios is used to vilify the victim group. Pol Pot tortured his victims if he felt like it, and killed if they were sick or disabled. He had labor camps for people who could work on farms. He treated them like dogs, fed them little, and just made them suffer so much. It made no difference to the Khmer Rouge whether they were dead or alive. He used various torture techniques for little to no reason
- 9. Organization Definition: Cambodia: Genocide is always organized, usually by the state, though sometimes informally (Hindu mobs led by local RSS militants) or by terrorist groups. Special army units or militias are often trained and armed. Plans are made for genocidal killings. Pol Pot was giving orders to the troops and commanding. Khmer Rouge also helped Pol Pot command troops and plan everything including the socialist program to reconstruct the way Cambodia was "agrarian socialist philosophy" Pol Pot
- 10. Definition: Extremists drive the groups apart. Hate groups broadcast polarizing propaganda. Laws may forbid intermarriage or social interaction. Extremist terrorism targets moderates, intimidating and silencing the center. Cambodia: It was common for people to get shot who were speaking a foreign language, wearing glasses( due to the people thought that if people were wearing glasses that they were being educated), smiling or crying. Cities were raided and people relocated to communal farms. Most people were left to starve, dehydrate or work to death. International organizations offered aid but the government refused assistance.
- 11. Preparatio n Definition: Victims are identified and separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity. Death lists are drawn up. Members of victim groups are forced to wear identifying symbols. They are often segregated into ghettoes, forced into concentration camps, or confined to a famine-struck region and starved. Cambodia: Religion was banned so leading Buddhist, monks and Christian missionaries were killed. The United States distributed the guns to Cambodian people. In the 1980s, the U.S. and U.K. instead offered financial and military support to the Khmer Rouge forces in exile, who had now sworn opposition to Vietnam and communism. The government attempted to suppress the communist and Vietnamese presence. People were given a blue scarf to wear in the eastern part of Cambodia. Some people were taken to killing fields.
- 13. EXTERMINATION Extermination begins, and quickly becomes the mass killing legally called "genocide." It is "extermination" to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human. When it is sponsored by the state, the armed forces often work with militias to do the killing. Sometimes the genocide results in revenge killings by groups against each other, creating the downward whirlpool-like cycle of bilateral genocide (as in Burundi). The population was put to work as laborers in one federation of collective farms. Anyone in opposition was killed. Anyone refusing to leave their home, didn't go fast enough, or disobeyed were killed. Professional citizens (doctors, lawyers, teachers, politicians, etc.) were killed. Army was killed. All monks and approximately 8,000 Christians were murdered There were approx. 2,000,000 deaths.
- 14. Denial Definit’ion: Denial is the eighth stage that always follows a genocide. It is among the surest indicators of further genocidal massacres. The perpetrators of genocide dig up the mass graves, burn the bodies, try to cover up the evidence and The campaign to end genocide supports an international tribunal to try the Khmer Rouge Promotes U.S. signature and ratification of the treaty creating an international criminal court. intimidate the witnesses. They deny that they committed any crimes, and often blame what happened on the victims. They block investigations of the crimes, and continue to govern until driven from power by force, when they flee into exile. There they remain with impunity, like Pol Pot or Idi Amin, unless they are captured and a tribunal is established to try them. The US tried to cover it up. The US and Cambodians were at a secret war with each other.