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- 1. Social Ent repreneurship :An Emerging I nt ervent ion t o Rural Development By Dr. L. Murali Krishnan, Division of Agricultural Extension, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi -12
- 2. Out line Introduction Social Entrepreneurship – concepts Areas for social enterprises Social Entrepreneurship’s Model Essential components of Social Entrepreneurship Social Entrepreneurship in Agriculture Historical Examples of Social Entrepreneurs Challenges and Opportunities in social Entrepreneurship Conclusion
- 3. Introduction Indian economyhas been witnessing rapid growth since the onset of liberalizations Globalization enables the market opportunities in world wide Unfortunately ( India’s 65% of population live in rural India. Most of them are poor ) social and environmental problems of the country are increasing with changes in technology and increasing competition
- 4. Cont… Social Enterpriseintegrates social aims with economic development opportunities for Rural development Innovator with social welfare get opportunities and turn as a social entrepreneur for inclusive economic development Social leadership (social influential value ) helps the convergence of various organizations for inclusive development of poor and marginalized sectors
- 5. Cont…. The WorldBank survey (2008), India is home to 33% of the global poor, with 828 million people living with less than $2 a day Change is not changeable Changing paradigm shift of Indian society In 1960-1980-Agricultural Revolution In 1980-2000-Industrial Revolution In 2000-2014-Information based Social Revolution
- 6. What is socialentrepreneurship? The “Entrepreneurs are catalysts and innovators behind economic progress”. “Entrepreneurs create value” Social entrepreneurs; catalysts and innovators behind social and economic progress Social entrepreneurship is the activity of establishing new business ventures to achieve social change. The business utilises creativity and innovation to bring social, financial, service, educational and community benefits (Talbot, Tregilgas & Harrison, 2002)
- 7. Definition “Social Entrepreneurship isrecognizing and resourcefully pursuing opportunities to create a social value” - Professor G. J. Dees. 1980. “Social Entrepreneurship is the practice of responding to market failures through transformative and financially sustainable innovations aimed at solving social problems” - Andrew M.
- 8. Characteristics of aSocial Entrepreneur Develop new models and pioneer new approaches to enable them to overcome obstacles Take innovative approaches to solve social issues Transform communities through strategic partnerships Not bound by sector norms or traditions Not confined by barriers that stand in the way of their goals
- 9. Elements of SocialEnterprise Social enterprises are not charities or welfare agencies private businesses established by entrepreneurs Encouraging community participation, inclusion and utilising a bottom-up approach • Utilises sound (social capital ) commercial business practices to ensure sustainability i.e. the business will naturally uphold and encourage environmental sustainability as well as ethical considerations
- 10. What are allthe areas for Social enterprises? Social entrepreneurs find opportunity in most economic sectors. The growth areas for social enterprises are, Environmental Food and agriculture Housing Health and care Information services Financial services Training and business development Manufacturing
- 11. Social Enterprise -sector analysis
- 12.
- 13. Private Sector Utilizes markets toexchange goods & services for profit Public Sector Respond to market failures by providing public goods and services or through re distribution Voluntary Sector Engage individuals in action to achieve social impact Andrew M. Wolk (2007) - US Small business Administration Private Sector Utilizes markets to exchange goods & services for profit Public Sector Respond to market failures by providing public goods and services or through re distribution Voluntary Sector Engage individuals in action to achieve social impact Private Sector Utilizes markets to exchange goods & services for profit Public Sector Respond to market failures by providing public goods and services or through re distribution
- 14. Blurring Sectors :Trends Creating ground for Social Entrepreneurship to emerge Private Sector Voluntarysector PublicSector Call for business ethics Social Entrepreneu- rshipReliance on business and Non profit service providers Accountability sustainability PPP CSR
- 15. Essential components ofSocial Entrepreneurship 1. Response to Market Failure 2. Transformative innovations 3. Financial sustainability Ref: Andrew M. Wolk, 2007 - US Small Business Administration
- 16. 1. Response toMarket Failure Social Entrepreneurs address market failures They identify opportunity and act upon them They pursue social value rather than purely economic value They target underserved, neglected or highly disadvantaged population
- 17. 2. Transformative innovations Social Entrepreneurs are change agents They will address root causes of social problem They will change the social system which create and continue problem. Transformative change can be national, global or even local with strong impact
- 18. 3. Financial sustainability Dependency Model- Depending primarily on philanthropy, voluntarism and government subsidy Sustainability Model- A combination of philanthropy, subsidy and earned income strategies Self sufficiency Model- Depending solely on earned income strategies
- 20. Timeline of Relevantsocial innovations in Agricultural sector 1837 – John Deere invents steel plough 1863 – International "Corn Show" in Paris with corn varieties from different countries 1866 – Gregor Mendel publishes his paper describing Mendelian inheritance 1871 – Louis Pasteur invents pasteurization 1895 – Refrigeration for domestic and commercial food preservation introduced in the United States and the United Kingdom
- 21. Social Entrepreneurship inAgriculture Role in the Future with Special Regards to the Agriculture and Energy Sectors Sophisticated technology is needed in farming sector Agricultural production should be market oriented Natural resource conservation (water and land ) Rural women play a vital role in farm and home system Small land holdings fit for precision agriculture. Need for developing small farmers consortiums
- 22. Cont It contributessubstantially in the physical aspect of farming, livestock management, post harvest and allied activities Micro Enterprise development related to agriculture and allied agricultural activities like cultivating to organic vegetables, flowers, mushroom growing and beekeeping Some more areas can be like dehydration of fruits and vegetables, canning or bottling of pickles, chutneys, jams, squashes and other products that are ready to eat Micro-Enterprise development related to livestock management activities like diary farming, poultry farm, livestock feed production and production of vermi composting
- 23. Social Entrepreneurship modelfor Agriculture
- 24. Factors behind theemergence of Social Enterprise Sectors in Agriculture 1. Political Environment: The extent of the government’s role 2. Legal environment: The ease of experimentation 3. Social Environment: The Presence of widespread focus on socio-economic problems 4. Cultural Environment: The presence of an active Civil Society and of linkages with countries bearing developed Social Enterprise sectors 5. Institutional Environment: The presence of a supporting eco-system of enabling organizations Political Environment
- 25. Historical Examples ofSocial Entrepreneurs 1. Mr. William Bill Drayton 2. Dr. Varghese Kurien 3. Professor Muhammad Yunus 4. Mrs. Ela Ramesh Bhatt
- 26. Ashoka: Innovators forthe Public Founded in 1980 by Bill Drayton in Washington He created and pioneered the global field of social entrepreneurship He is responsible for the rise of the phrase "social entrepreneur” He invest in social entrepreneurs with innovative solutions that are sustainable and replicable, both nationally and globally
- 27. What Ashoka does? SupportingSocial Entrepreneurs Promoting Group Entrepreneurship Building Infrastructure for the Sector
- 28. Selection Criteria 1. TheKnockout Test 2. Creativity 3. Entrepreneurial Quality 4. Social Impact of the Idea 5. Ethical test William Bill Drayton
- 29. Ashoka: Innovators forthe Public Established programs in over 60 countries and supports the work of over 2000 Fellows Employs 160 staff in 25 regional offices throughout Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa
- 30. Dr. Varghese Kurien 1.Milkman of India. 2. Father of white revolution. 3. Architect of operation flood 4. 1989 world food prize laureate
- 31. Social problem Lackof economic freedom to the dairy farmers They were on the clutches of middle man They were not organized They were not having control over production, procurement and marketing
- 32. Transformative innovation Milkproducers cooperative societies at the village level and a processing unit called a ‘union’ at the district level. (1946) The first products with the Amul brand name were launched in 1955 Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru inaugurates the Anand Plant
- 33. Gujarat Cooperative MilkMarketing Federation Limited (GCMMF Ltd.)1973 Replication of the Anand pattern through the Operation Flood programme
- 34. Impact of OperationFlood It has helped dairy farmers direct their own development and Increased nutritional status of people Development of national milk Grid and Reduced regional & seasonal price fluctuation Farmers were ensured with maximum share of money which consumers pay Making dairying India’s largest self-sustainable rural employment programme Bringing India close to self-sufficiency in milk production, To make India the world’s largest milk producer
- 35. 1. Banker topoor 2. Founder of Grameen Bank 3. 2006 Nobel peace prize laurite Professor Muhammad Yunus Social Problem •Poverty (created by institutions and the policies) •Women in Bangladesh were neglected by society •Conventional banking rejected poor by classifying them as ‘not credit worthy’.
- 36. Transformative innovation Origin ofGrameen Bank Project It was established in the village of Jobra, Bangladesh, in 1976. In 1983 it was transformed into a formal bank under a special law passed for its creation It is owned by the poor borrowers of the bank who are mostly women Borrowers of Grameen Bank at present own 95 percent of the total equity of the bank
- 37. What does GrameenBank do? It provides financial services to the rural poor of Bangladesh Overall goal of Grameen Bank is elimination of poverty It promotes credit as human right It is not based on any collateral or legally enforceable contracts
- 39. Method of action 1.Credit system must be based on survey of the social background 2. Establish priority; serve the most poverty stricken people 3. At beginning restrict credit to income- generating production operations 4. Make it possible for the borrower to be able to repay the loan 5. Lean on solidarity groups 6. Invest in human resources
- 40. Transformative innovations Grameencredit is based on the premise that poor have skills which remain un utilized or under utilized It believes that charity is not an answer to poverty It created its own methodology of banking. It brought credit to the poor, women, the illiterate It enabled the poor to build on their existing skill to earn a better income
- 41. • Grameen Bankhas today over 7.5 million borrowers • Totally 65% of them managed to clearly improve socio-economic conditions and lifted themselves out of poverty 2006, Grameen Bank & Professor Muhammad Yunus were Awarded the Nobel Peace prize for their efforts to create economic & social development from bellow.
- 42. Ela Ramesh Bhatt,Founder of SEWA Social Problem 1. Women were earning very little even though they were working almost 18 hrs. 2. They were living in very bad condition. 3. They did not have any social security. 4. They were exploited by money lenders. 5. They were not organized. 6. They were not visible & recognized as workers.
- 43. Transformative innovation …So shewas decided to organize these women, through… Self- Employed Women's Association SEWA is an organization of women workers in the informal sector- that is the Small vegetable vendors The home based workers The construction workers Head loaders Laborers
- 44. SEWA Bank: firstwomen’s bank in India Capital formation process. 1. Coming out of clutches of money lenders. 2. Building the business 3. Building the savings 4. Having more assets & equipments 5. Having better living conditions
- 45. Global context U.K.Community Action Network (CAN) The Stanford Business School - Social Entrepreneurship initiative Canadian Centre for Social Entrepreneurship Social and Enterprise Development Innovations (SEDI) The Israeli Greenhouse for Social Entrepreneurship International Institute of Social Entrepreneurship Management (India) Inter-American Development Bank The Initiative on Social Enterprise – Harvard Business School
- 46. Challenges in social Entrepreneurship The majority of them have yet to recognize social entrepreneurship as a field of legitimisation Lack of capital is a major challenge for the Indian social entrepreneurs The government’s policies and regulations for social entrepreneurs are very complex and strict, with no tax incentives or subsidies being provided for a social business, the combination of which acts as major impediment to the growth of social businesses in India.
- 47. Opportunities: India's potential inglobal market Youngest population English communication Geographical centre Cultural heritage Another 20 years we are the economic leader for the world For that the need of the hour is social entrepreneurship
- 48. Information and Communication Technology At present 24 millions people connected with broad band Moves to 640 millions in future 5 years Interesting business opportunities are coming with social entrepreneurship Power of technology and community (convergence) Networking of human relations
- 49. Conclusion Social entrepreneurshipis an answer to the impending crisis of Agricultural Development and Food Security Social entrepreneurship is the recognition of a social problem and the uses of entrepreneurial principles to organize, create and manage a social venture to achieve a desired social change The main aim of social entrepreneurship is to achieve social and environmental goals Social Entrepreneurship is important in the field of Extension Education discipline and Agricultural Extension profession
- 50. Conclusion… In abusiness entrepreneur typically measures performance in profit and return, Thus, the main aim of social entrepreneurship is to further broaden social, cultural, and environmental goals. Social Entrepreneurs help people to help themselves Social entrepreneurs can help get better various issues like nutrition, education and health and illiteracy Social entrepreneurship helps to achieve a balance between a growing GDP growth, ensuring inclusive growth and to address the issues ranging from education, energy efficiency to climate change
- 51. Reference Srivastava andTandon (2002) Report of study on Non government organizations in India.“Participatory Research in Asia” (PRIA) (2002) Frumkin, P. (2002). Social Entrepreneurship On Being Nonprofits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press Chakraborty, S.K. (1987), Managerial Effectiveness And Quality of Worklife: Indian Insights, New Delhi, Tata McGrawHill Publishing Co Khanna, Tarun. (2010) “India’s Entrepreneurial Advantage”, McKinsey Quarterly, 2004 Special Edition Christie, M. J., & Honig, B. (2006). Social Entrepreneurship: New Research Findings. Journal of World Business Gupta, R. (2001) “Creating Indian Entrepreneurs. India Today”, McKinsey & Company, February 12, 2001 Sharma, A. (2010). India’s Welfare Gamble: Add 100 Million to the Dole. The Wall Street Journal, pp. A1,A16. June 8,2010.
- 52. “We have toget out of the mind set that the rich will do business and the poor will have the charity” -Muhammad Yunus Thank you…