Marketing involves creating and offering products of value to others in order to satisfy needs and wants profitably. It includes targeting specific groups and positioning products. Common marketing techniques online include search engine optimization, social media optimization, viral content, A/B testing, and lead management. Key metrics include click-through rate, cost per click, cost per impression, reach, and frequency. The traditional model of marketing focused on stimulus at the shelf and in-store experiences, while the new model incorporates pre-shopping research and in-home experiences as well. Effective e-commerce marketing requires knowing your target persona, listening to understand their needs, giving a human touch, setting expectations, monitoring results, and turning data into insights.