CITIZENSHIP, MIGRATION AND GENDER:
Polish migrant women in the UK and
Poland


Ewa Duda-Mikulin
PhD Student/GTA
Social Policy Department
E.A.Duda-Mikulin@edu.salford.ac.uk
The UK and Accession 8 (A8) migration
• Accession 8 (A8) migration to the UK has been studied
  extensively over the last few years


• Migration from the new EU member states to the UK
  has been one of the most significant social phenomena
  of recent times




 Ewa Duda-Mikulin
Feminisation of Migration
• Evidence suggests that migrant women constitute a
  large proportion of international migrants

• When considering migration within the European
  context, migrant women already outnumber their male
  counterparts




 Ewa Duda-Mikulin          Picture by Flickr CC, Author: The U.S. National Archives
Evidence suggests that characterising women as
passive followers of migrant men is flawed




Ewa Duda-Mikulin   Picture by Flickr CC, Author: Richard Loyal French
• Gender is one of the oldest, if not the oldest, forces
  shaping human life and, accordingly, it influences
  migration and migrants’ lives.

• Nonetheless, gender has been regularly sidelined in
  scholarly research on international migration over the
  past 100 years.

   (Pessar & Mahler, 2003, p. 812)




 Ewa Duda-Mikulin
• Gender and gender roles, in particular in relation
  to A8 migration, remain an under-researched
  area




Ewa Duda-Mikulin        Picture by Flickr CC, Author: Nationaal Archief
Aim: to explore the impact of the migratory
      process on gender roles of Polish migrant
      women




 Ewa Duda-Mikulin     Picture by Flickr, Author: The Library of Congress
• Can migration be a catalyst for change in traditional
  gender roles?
• How do Polish migrant women negotiate their gender
  roles across time and space in regard to work and
  welfare responsibilities when exercising their rights as
  EU citizens?




   Picture by Flickr, Author: The Library of Congress


 Ewa Duda-Mikulin
• Are gender roles reconfigured through the
  migratory process?


          - care
          - paid work




Picture by Flickr CC, Author: doc 1, Don O-Brien


Ewa Duda-Mikulin
Methodology:
• Feminist methodology
• Qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews

•   Research questions:
      1.    To what extent are Polish migrant women’s lives gendered?
      2.    Has the migratory process affected Polish migrant women’s gender roles, and if
            so, in what way?
      3.    How, if at all, has migration impacted on Polish migrant women’s roles as carers
            and workers? How do they manage their roles over time and space?


•   Sample: 2 groups of women:
            1) – Polish migrant women in the UK - migrants
            2) – Polish migrant women in Poland – returnees
Ewa Duda-Mikulin
Ewa Duda-Mikulin
PhD Student/GTA
Department of Social Policy

Email: E.A.Duda-Mikulin@edu.salford.ac.uk
Website: http://salford.academia.edu/EwaDudaMikulin
Twitter: @EwaDudaMikulin




Picture by Flickr CC, Author: woodleywonderworks
References & further reading:
•   Boyd, M. & Grieco, E. (2003). Women and Migration: Incorporating Gender into International Migration Theory, Migration Information
    Source, Retrieved 30 April, 2012, from: http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=106

•   Castles, S. & Miller, M. (2003). Introduction. In S. Castles & M. Miller, The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the
    Modern World, (3rd ed.) (pp. 1-20). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

•   Dwyer, P. (2010). Understanding Social Citizenship. Themes and perspectives for policy and practice. Bristol: The Policy Press.

•   Kindler, M., Kordasiewicz, A., Napiera ƚa, J., Szulecka, M., Redondo Toronjo, D. & White, A. (2010). Migracje kobiet: przypadek Polski.
    Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe SCHOLAR.

•   Kofman, E. (2004). Gendered Global Migrations: Diversity and Stratification. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 6(4), pp. 643-665.
    doi: 10.1080/1461674042000283408

•   Kofman, E. (1999). Female ‘birds of passage’ a decade later: Gender and immigration in the European Union. [Electronic version]. The
    International Migration Review, 33(2), pp. 269-299.

•   Lister, R. (forthcoming). Citizenship and Gender. In K. Nash & A. Scott (eds.) Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology. Blackwell.

•   Morokvasic, M. (2004). ‘Settled in Mobility’: Engendering Post-Wall Migration in Europe. [Electronic version]. Feminist Review, 77, pp. 7-25.

•   Pessar, R. & Mahler, S.J. (2003). Transnational Migration: Bringing Gender in. [Electronic version]. International Migration Review, 37(3), pp.
    812-846.

•   Phizacklea, A. (1983). Introduction. In: A. Phizacklea (eds), One Way Ticket. Migration and Female Labour (pp. 1-13). London: Routledge &
    Kegan Paul plc.

•   Zlotnik, H. (2003). The Global Dimensions of Female Migration, Migration Information Source. Retrieved 9 November, 2011, from:
    http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?ID=109

SPA Conference 2012 E. Duda-Mikulin

  • 1.
    CITIZENSHIP, MIGRATION ANDGENDER: Polish migrant women in the UK and Poland Ewa Duda-Mikulin PhD Student/GTA Social Policy Department [email protected]
  • 2.
    The UK andAccession 8 (A8) migration • Accession 8 (A8) migration to the UK has been studied extensively over the last few years • Migration from the new EU member states to the UK has been one of the most significant social phenomena of recent times Ewa Duda-Mikulin
  • 3.
    Feminisation of Migration •Evidence suggests that migrant women constitute a large proportion of international migrants • When considering migration within the European context, migrant women already outnumber their male counterparts Ewa Duda-Mikulin Picture by Flickr CC, Author: The U.S. National Archives
  • 4.
    Evidence suggests thatcharacterising women as passive followers of migrant men is flawed Ewa Duda-Mikulin Picture by Flickr CC, Author: Richard Loyal French
  • 5.
    • Gender isone of the oldest, if not the oldest, forces shaping human life and, accordingly, it influences migration and migrants’ lives. • Nonetheless, gender has been regularly sidelined in scholarly research on international migration over the past 100 years. (Pessar & Mahler, 2003, p. 812) Ewa Duda-Mikulin
  • 6.
    • Gender andgender roles, in particular in relation to A8 migration, remain an under-researched area Ewa Duda-Mikulin Picture by Flickr CC, Author: Nationaal Archief
  • 7.
    Aim: to explorethe impact of the migratory process on gender roles of Polish migrant women Ewa Duda-Mikulin Picture by Flickr, Author: The Library of Congress
  • 8.
    • Can migrationbe a catalyst for change in traditional gender roles? • How do Polish migrant women negotiate their gender roles across time and space in regard to work and welfare responsibilities when exercising their rights as EU citizens? Picture by Flickr, Author: The Library of Congress Ewa Duda-Mikulin
  • 9.
    • Are genderroles reconfigured through the migratory process? - care - paid work Picture by Flickr CC, Author: doc 1, Don O-Brien Ewa Duda-Mikulin
  • 10.
    Methodology: • Feminist methodology •Qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews • Research questions: 1. To what extent are Polish migrant women’s lives gendered? 2. Has the migratory process affected Polish migrant women’s gender roles, and if so, in what way? 3. How, if at all, has migration impacted on Polish migrant women’s roles as carers and workers? How do they manage their roles over time and space? • Sample: 2 groups of women: 1) – Polish migrant women in the UK - migrants 2) – Polish migrant women in Poland – returnees Ewa Duda-Mikulin
  • 11.
    Ewa Duda-Mikulin PhD Student/GTA Departmentof Social Policy Email: [email protected] Website: http://salford.academia.edu/EwaDudaMikulin Twitter: @EwaDudaMikulin Picture by Flickr CC, Author: woodleywonderworks
  • 12.
    References & furtherreading: • Boyd, M. & Grieco, E. (2003). Women and Migration: Incorporating Gender into International Migration Theory, Migration Information Source, Retrieved 30 April, 2012, from: http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=106 • Castles, S. & Miller, M. (2003). Introduction. In S. Castles & M. Miller, The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World, (3rd ed.) (pp. 1-20). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. • Dwyer, P. (2010). Understanding Social Citizenship. Themes and perspectives for policy and practice. Bristol: The Policy Press. • Kindler, M., Kordasiewicz, A., Napiera ƚa, J., Szulecka, M., Redondo Toronjo, D. & White, A. (2010). Migracje kobiet: przypadek Polski. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe SCHOLAR. • Kofman, E. (2004). Gendered Global Migrations: Diversity and Stratification. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 6(4), pp. 643-665. doi: 10.1080/1461674042000283408 • Kofman, E. (1999). Female ‘birds of passage’ a decade later: Gender and immigration in the European Union. [Electronic version]. The International Migration Review, 33(2), pp. 269-299. • Lister, R. (forthcoming). Citizenship and Gender. In K. Nash & A. Scott (eds.) Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology. Blackwell. • Morokvasic, M. (2004). ‘Settled in Mobility’: Engendering Post-Wall Migration in Europe. [Electronic version]. Feminist Review, 77, pp. 7-25. • Pessar, R. & Mahler, S.J. (2003). Transnational Migration: Bringing Gender in. [Electronic version]. International Migration Review, 37(3), pp. 812-846. • Phizacklea, A. (1983). Introduction. In: A. Phizacklea (eds), One Way Ticket. Migration and Female Labour (pp. 1-13). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul plc. • Zlotnik, H. (2003). The Global Dimensions of Female Migration, Migration Information Source. Retrieved 9 November, 2011, from: http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?ID=109