Society and culture
- 2. CULTURE • Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. Through culture, people and groups define themselves, conform to society's shared values, and contribute to society. Thus, culture includes many societal aspects: language, customs, values, norms, mores, rules, tools, technologies, products, organizations, and institutions
- 3. CULTURE • Sociologists define society as the people who interact in such a way as to share a common culture. The cultural bond may be ethnic or racial, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities. The term society can also have a geographic meaning and refer to people who share a common culture in a particular location. For example, people living in arctic climates developed different cultures from those living in desert cultures.
- 4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOCIETY AND CULTURE
- 7. SOCIAL STRUCTURE • Social structure is the organized set of social institutions and patterns of institutionalized relationships that together compose society. Social structure is a product of social interaction and directly determines it. Social structures are not immediately visible to the untrained observer, however, they are always present and affect all dimensions of human experience in society.
- 8. FUNCTIONS OF A SOCIETY • Have a shared set of goals • System of member replacement • Adequate means of communication • Satisfaction of physical needs • Socialization • Specialized worked pattern • Leisure
- 9. FUNCTIONS OF A SOCIETY • Religiosity • Production function( association with the distribution of the goods also) • Social Control/ Power management • Preservation of Order • Management of Education • Management of Economy • Preservation and transmission of Culture
- 10. INDIVIDUAL STATUS AND ROLE IN A SOCIETY • Status is our relative social position within a group, while a role is the part our society expects us to play in a given status. • For example, a man may have the status of father in his family. Because of this status, he is expected to fulfill a role for his children that in most societies requires him to nurture, educate, guide, and protect them. Of course, mothers usually have complementary roles. •
- 11. TYPES OF STATUS • Achieved statuses are ones that are acquired by doing something. For instance, someone becomes a criminal by committing a crime. A soldier earns the status of a good warrior by achievements in battle and by being brave. A woman becomes a mother by having a baby. She also can acquire the status of widow by the death of her husband. • Ascribed statuses are the result of being born into a particular family or being born male or female. Being a prince by birth or being the first of four children in a family are ascribed statuses. We do not make a decision to choose them-
- 12. ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL IN SOCIETY • To take care of the surroundings • To protect environment • To follow the laws • To stop Crimes • Respect the rights of others
- 13. SOCIAL INTERACTION • A social interaction is an exchange between two or more individuals and is a building block of society. Social interaction can be studied between groups of two (dyads), three (triads) or larger social groups. • By interacting with one another, people design rules, institutions and systems within which they seek to live. Symbols are used to communicate the expectations of a given society to those new to it. •
- 14. SOCIAL INTERACTION • social interaction requires a mutual orientation. The spying of one on another is not social interaction if the other is unaware. Nor do the behaviors of rapist and victim constitute social interaction if the victim is treated as a physical object; nor behavior between guard and prisoner, torturer and tortured, machine gunner and enemy soldier. Indeed, wherever people treat each other as object, things, or animals, or consider each other as reflex machines or only cause-effect phenomena, there is not social interaction. Such interaction may comprise a system; it may be organized, controlled, or regimented. It is not, however, social as I am using the term. •
- 15. CULTURE • The word 'culture' hails from the Latin word cultura which is derived from colere that means, 'to cultivate'. Our culture has a major share in cultivating our minds. The common traits and beliefs that form the mindset of a group, define their culture.
- 16. Culture refers to the pattern of human activity and the symbols that give significance to them. Culture manifests itself in the forms of art, literature, clothing, customs, language, and religion. The way people live and what they believe constitutes their culture. Their principles and moral values also form an important part of their culture. People from different parts of the world have different cultural values. Cultural differences contribute to the diversity in people's thinking and living styles.
- 17. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE • Culture is learned • Culture is shared • Culture changes • Culture takes years to formed • Culture cannot be isolated • Culture is essential • Culture is transmitted across generations
- 18. CULTURAL DIVERSITY • The phrase cultural diversity can also refer to having different cultures respect each other's differences. The phrase "cultural diversity" is also sometimes used to mean the variety of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole.
- 19. CULTURAL DIVERSITY INE DUCATION • Because the idea of “diversity” is not even that straightforward. Not only must schools recognize diversity evident among broad racial and ethnic groups (e.g., Asian or Hispanic), but the diversity within these groups must be recognized as well. For example Chinese and Japanese students may share common cultural characteristics as a result of being Asian, but will also have distinctly Chinese and Japanese cultural characteristics that differ from each other
- 20. • Teachers have a particular responsibility to recognize and structure their lessons to reflect student differences. This encourages students to recognize themselves and others as individuals. • We can facilitate the process of learning overall • We can help students assimilate what they learn with what they already know. and what they dont kow
- 21. ROLE OF EDUCATION IN PROMOTING AND PRESERVING OUR CULTURE • Education brings awareness • With Education comparative analysis of different cultures can be done • Education brightens our views. • Educations helps us to convey our cultural message • China, Turkey , Japan are the countries who promote their cultures by their education
- 22. ACTIVITY Construct an activity that is helpful for the children to know about our culture, Or plan any school event to promote Pakistani culture