SOFTWARE AND WEB TECHNOLOGY
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This document provides an overview of various topics related to computers and software engineering. It begins by describing the basic physical parts of a computer system, including the CPU, memory, input devices, and output devices. It then distinguishes between two main types of software: application software, which performs specific functions for the user, and system software, which supports the execution and development of other programs. The document goes on to define software engineering and the roles of software engineers. It identifies some common causes of software project failures and explains the importance of following a systematic approach through the software development life cycle. The remainder of the document focuses on topics related to websites, including what constitutes a website, different types of websites, components like web servers and script
SOFTWARE AND WEB TECHNOLOGY
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- 3. Physical parts of a computer system. It include 1 CPU(Central Processing Unit) 2 Memory eg: CD drives,USB,Disk drives etc. 3 Input devices eg: Mouse, keyboard etc 4 Output devices eg: Monitor, Speaker etc. 3
- 4. Set of instructions that directs a computer to perform specific operations. 4 APPLICATION SOFTWARE SYSTEM SOFTWARE
- 5. 1. APPLICATION SOFTWARE • Program designed to perform a specific function directly to the user. So it is also called end-user programs. Eg: word processors, web browsers, paint etc. 2. SYSTEM SOFTWARE Programs that support the execution and development of other programs. Two types Operating Systems(OS) eg:Microsoft Windows. Translation System eg: Compilers and Linkers. 5
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- 7. “Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software.” Software engineer is a person who applies the principles of Software engineering. 7
- 8. Customers Managers/administrators Developers Testers End-users 8
- 9. Poor requirements Unrealistic schedules Insufficient testing Miscommunication Poor skill of developer Poor quality assurance and quality control Less coordination between team members 9
- 10. Developing software without any methodology. Disadvantages Cant schedule time and budgets. Functionality and product quality are generally inconsistent. 10
- 11. “SDLC is a well-defined, structured sequence of stages in software engineering to develop the intended software product.” It is also referred as Application development lifecycle. 11
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- 14. WEBSITE Set of related web pages typically served from a single web domain. Website is hosted on atleast one webserver,accessible via internet using URL(Uniform Resource Locator). Web pages Building blocks of websites created using formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Languages(HTML). Web pages are accessed and transported with Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP). Web browser • Renders the page content according to its HTML instructions onto a display terminal. 14
- 15. Two types of website: 1 Static website Also known as flat or stationary websites. Web pages stored on the web server in the format that is sent to a client web browser. It is created using HTML and it cannot be modified. 2 Dynamic website It is one that changes or customizes itself frequently and automatically. It has been made using Ajax technology. 15
- 16. Web server Computer which is connected to the internet, on which a website is hosted. Types of web server 1 Apache HTTP server Open source software. It can be installed on almost all OS including Linux,Unix,Windows etc. 2 Internet Information Services(IIS) High performance web server from Microsoft. This webserver runs on Windows NT/2000 and 2003 platform. 16
- 17. Scripting Languages Program that is designed for integrating and communicating with other programming languages. Types 1 Client side scripting language eg: javascript,css,HTML etc. 2 server side scripting language eg:PHP,ASP,PERL,Python etc. 17
- 18. PHP PHP is an acronym for “PHP:Hypertext Preprocessor” Tool for making dynamic and interactive web pages. PHP connect to database Opening database connection. $connection=mysql_connect(“localhost”,$username,$password); Access the database. mysql_select_db(“dbname”,$connection); Perform sql operation. Closing database connection. mysql_close($connection); Building a Query Directly Using input information. 18
- 19. Running a Query mysql_query : returns a result handle. $result=mysql_query($query,$connection); mysql_num_rows : indicates the number of rows return. $num_rows=mysql_num_rows($result); mysql_fetch_array : creates array/hash of result. for($n=0;$n<$num_rows;$n++) $row=mysql_fetch_array($result); 19
- 20. WEB HOSTING It is the service that allows individuals and organizations to make their website accessible via www. A web hosting company is one that rents out space on their server for a monthly fee. Features of web hosting Unlimited disk storage Unlimited domain Unlimited bandwidth Web hosting servers 1 Linux hosting server 2 Windows hosting server 20