Software Architecture: introduction to the abstraction
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The document provides an introduction to software architecture concepts including: - Software architecture is defined as a set of components and connectors communicating through interfaces along with architecture design decisions. - Multiple views are used to describe architectures including logical, process, deployment, and more. - Architectural styles like pipe-and-filter and layered styles guide architecture design. - Careful architecture design is important as it impacts system properties like performance, scalability, and testability.
![Using multiple views has become standard
practice in industry
SEA Group
• IEEE Std 1471 (2000) -> … -> ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 (2011)
• Based on a survey we conducted with 48 practitioners
[Survey2012], and about the usage of ALs in industry
85% uses multiple views
[Survey2012] “What Industry needs from Architectural Languages: A Survey”, I. Malavolta, P. Lago, H.
Muccini, P. Pelliccione, A. Tang (under review)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/02softwarearchitectureintroductiontotheabstraction-140922044128-phpapp02/85/Software-Architecture-introduction-to-the-abstraction-35-320.jpg)
![Why to care?
The Best Jobs of
2014
“For the first time, our
No. 1 job overall isn’t
from the health care
industry, it’s a tech
job.”
[http://goo.gl/WdxMjh]
SEA Group](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/02softwarearchitectureintroductiontotheabstraction-140922044128-phpapp02/85/Software-Architecture-introduction-to-the-abstraction-41-320.jpg)
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Software Architecture: introduction to the abstraction
- 1. Software Architecture: Introduction to the abstraction Henry Muccini [email protected], @muccinihenry, henrymuccini.com DISIM Dep.nt of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics University of L’Aquila, Italy
- 2. 2 SEA Group W E L C O M E
- 3. The material in these slides may be freely reproduced and distributed, partially or totally, as far as an explicit reference or acknowledge to the authors is preserved. SEA Group Henry Muccini
- 4. Software Architecture in Practice (3rd Edition) (SEI Series in Software Engineering) Hardcover – October 5, 2012, by Len Bass , Paul Clements, Rick Kazman SEA Group Chapters: 1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 17, 19, 25, 26 LinkedIn groups on Software Architecture SATURN https://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=153925 Software Engineering Productivity – Software Architecture https://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2967358 97 Things Every Software Architect Should Know https://www.linkedin.com/groups?mostRecent=&gid=183565 7&trk=my_groups-tile-flipgrp 4
- 5. Research interests on developing methods and tools for the analysis and design of software architectures SEA Group →Architecture-driven Model-based Testing →Model-checking Architectures →Architecting Fault Tolerant Systems →Interoperable and Multi-view Software Architecture Descriptions Other →Global Software Engineering Education →Architecting Wireless Sensor Network →Model Driven Engineering
- 6. Software Engineering SEA Group Software System Engineered Software System
- 7. Process: Architecture as an artefact SEA Group Requirements Drives Software Architecture Implementation Low Level Design
- 8. Process: Architecture towards the process SEA Group • The architecture includes a collection of views Models • The architecture is NOT a single fase in the software development process Views Use Case Model Design Model Depl. Model Impl. Model Test Model Analysis Model
- 9. SEA Group
- 10. The Software Architecture is the earliest model of the whole software system created along the software lifecycle A set of components and connectors communicating through interfaces A set of architecture design decisions Focus on set of views and viewpoints Written according to architectural styles SEA Group
- 11. Software Architecture definitions Perry and Wolf, ’92 (aspects): →“Architecture is concerned with the selection of architectural elements, their interactions, and the constraints on those elements and their interactions necessary to provide a framework in which to satisfy the requirements and serve as a basis for the design.” →Elements are divided into processing elements, data elements and connection elements Garlan and Shaw, ’93 (elements): → Architecture for a specific system may be captured as “a collection of computational components - or simply components - together with a description of the interactions between these components - the connectors –” SEA Group
- 12. 12 Let us reason about the Gaudi’s Sagrada Familia SEA Group
- 13. 13 The power of abstraction… SEA Group
- 14. SEA Group TELECOM ITALIA NETWORK ARCHITECTURE ADM STM-4/16 ADM STM-1/4 ADM ADM ADM SXC 4/1 ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM Urban Level SXA STM-1/4 ADM STM-4/16 ADM Regional level SXA ADM ADM ADM ADM STM-1/4 ADM SXA WDM STM-4/16 ADM WL STM-16 Ring National Level ADM ADM ADM WL ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM STM-16 Ring
- 15. Development Environment SEA Group Plugin Java Development Tools SWT JFace Core Workspace Workbench Runtime User Interface
- 16. SEA Group standard standard standard standard standard p r o c e s s laws
- 17. Privacy e confidentiality Autenticity Need of Standards Shared Process Management Scalability Docs digitalization SEA Group
- 18. SEA Group Architectural constraints and requirements Ideas Constraints Req1:.. Req2:.. Req3:.. ……… Architectural requirements C2 C3 C1 C4 Software Architecture Software Architecture synthesis Evaluation and Decisions making
- 19. But which Architecture? Implications on privacy, confidentiality, performance, SEA Group scalability, maintainability, etc.
- 20. But which Architecture? Implications on privacy, confidentiality, performance, SEA Group scalability, maintainability, etc.
- 21. The Software Architecture is the earliest model of the whole software system created along the software lifecycle A set of components and connectors communicating through interfaces A set of architecture design decisions Focus on set of views and viewpoints Written according to architectural styles
- 22. Architecture Design Decisions Decisions about: SEA Group Selected components/interfaces/connectors Distribution/Configuration of components/connectors Expected behavior SA Styles, Patterns and Tactics HW/SW/Deployment and other views Components’ Nesting and sub-systems NF attributes
- 23. 23 Architecture as a set of design decisions A set of architecture design decisions taken to generate SEA Group the architecture artifact Design problem sub-problem (or issue) sub-problem (or issue) Design option Design option Design option Design option Problem space Solution space Alternative solutions Alternative solutions Decision = best option Decision = best option Best, with respect to some criterion Jansen, A.; Bosch, J., "Software Architecture as a Set of Architectural Design Decisions," Software Architecture, 2005. WICSA 2005. 5th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on , vol., no., pp.109,120, 2005. doi: 10.1109/WICSA.2005.61
- 24. But, which is the right abstraction!?! 24 SEA Group
- 25. the right abstraction… 25 SEA Group
- 26. At which abstraction? Implications on privacy, confidentiality, performance, SEA Group scalability, maintainability, etc.
- 27. SEA Group ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 - International Standard for Systems and Software Engineering – Architectural Description, 2011 “The practices of recording software, system and enterprise architectures so that architectures can be understood, documented, analysed and realized.”
- 28. and, which is the right architecture!?! 28 SEA Group
- 29. the right architecture… 29 The one that satisfies at best the requirements and constraints The “less” risky one SEA Group Architectural constraints and requirements Ideas Constraints Req1:.. Req2:.. Req3:.. ……… Architectural requirements C2 C3 C1 C4 Software Architecture Software Architecture synthesis Evaluation and Decisions making
- 30. The Software Architecture is the earliest model of the whole software system created along the software lifecycle A set of components and connectors communicating through interfaces A set of architecture design decisions Focus on set of views and viewpoints Written according to architectural styles
- 31. SEA Group
- 32. Architectural Views 32 User1 SEA Group AlarmUR AlarmRS (c) Router Server Timer Check1 Nofunc Clock AckSR (c) AckRU1 User2 AlarmUR1 AlarmUR2 Check2 Check AckRU2 3 2 0 1 4 5
- 33. SEA Group ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 - International Standard for Systems and Software Engineering – Architectural Description, 2011
- 34. SEA Group Logical View Object Model of Design End-user Functionality Implementation (Development) View Programmers Software management Process View Use Case View System integrators Performance Scalability Throughput Deployment View Conceptual Physical Static Organization of the Software Concurrency and Synchronizati on Software Mapping To Hw System engineering System topology Delivery, installation Communication RUP 4+1 views
- 35. Using multiple views has become standard practice in industry SEA Group • IEEE Std 1471 (2000) -> … -> ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 (2011) • Based on a survey we conducted with 48 practitioners [Survey2012], and about the usage of ALs in industry 85% uses multiple views [Survey2012] “What Industry needs from Architectural Languages: A Survey”, I. Malavolta, P. Lago, H. Muccini, P. Pelliccione, A. Tang (under review)
- 36. The Software Architecture is the earliest model of the whole software system created along the software lifecycle A set of components and connectors communicating through interfaces A set of architecture design decisions Focus on set of views and viewpoints Written according to architectural styles
- 37. SEA Group The Classical Style The Californian Style
- 38. 38 but... why to care? SEA Group
- 39. Why to care? All the software systems have an architecture SEA Group All the critical/complex systems must have it carefully and explicitly specified Architecture-level decisions impact the scalability, performance, testability, functioning of the produced system Even if the code is perfectly written, a wrong architecture produces a wrong system
- 40. Why to care? A wrong architecture produces a wrong system SEA Group Electronic Voting Systems Bad architecting of FT software: Tens of thousands of people around the large cities weren’t able to travel by train Thursday morning. No trains from and to Amsterdam and Airport Schiphol from early morning until after the morning rush hour. A failure in the back-up system was the cause. The system therefore didn’t start. And then the signals and switches could not be operated. Both primary and backup failed, hence no operations. (april 2012) the Interim Report on Causes of the August 14th 2003 Blackout in the US and Canada clearly shows that the problem was mostly caused by badly designed fault tolerance, including various architectural issues: poor diagnostics of component failures, longer-than-estimated time for component recovery, failure to involve all necessary components in recovery, inconsistent system state after recovery, failures of alarm systems. (2003) Denver Airport
- 41. Why to care? The Best Jobs of 2014 “For the first time, our No. 1 job overall isn’t from the health care industry, it’s a tech job.” [http://goo.gl/WdxMjh] SEA Group
- 42. A bad architecture can imply a spaghetti code system SEA Group
- 43. Perry, D. E.; Wolf, A. L. (1992). "Foundations for the study of software architecture". ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 17 (4): 40.doi:10.1145/141874.141884. Garlan & Shaw (1994). "An Introduction to Software Architecture". Retrieved 2012-09-13. ISO/IEC/IEEE (2011). "ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 Systems and software engineering -- Architecture description". Retrieved 2012-09-12. Kruchten, Philippe (1995, November). Architectural Blueprints — The “4+1” View Model of Software Architecture. IEEE Software 12 (6), pp. 42-50. Len Bass, Paul Clements, Rick Kazman: Software Architecture in Practice, Third Edition. Addison Wesley, 2012, ISBN 0-321-81573-4 (This book, now in third edition, eloquently covers the fundamental concepts of the discipline. The theme is centered around achieving quality attributes of a system.) 43 SEA Group