Software Engineering Overview
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This document provides an overview of software engineering. It discusses key topics like software evolution, paradigms, characteristics, and the software development life cycle (SDLC). The SDLC is described as a structured sequence of stages to develop software, including communication, requirements gathering, feasibility study, system analysis, design, coding, testing, integration, implementation, and operation and maintenance. Software engineering aims to develop high-quality software using well-defined principles and methods, addressing issues like exceeding timelines and budgets seen in traditional software development.
Software Engineering Overview
- 1. Software Engineering Subject Overview Made By- Prof.Prachi Sasankar. Assistant Professor SADABAI RAISONI WOMEN’S COLLEGE,NAGPUR PPT For- BCA
- 2. Software Engineering Overview TOPICS COVERED in PPT: ▪Software Evolution ▪Software Paradigms ▪S/W Characteristics ▪Software Development Life Cycle ▪Software Requirements
- 3. Software Engineering Overview The term is made of two words, software and engineering. Software is more than just a program code. A program is an executable code, which serves some computational purpose. Software is considered to be collection of executable programming code, associated libraries and documentations. Software, when made for a specific requirement is called software product. Engineering on the other hand, is all about developing products, using well-defined, scientific principles and methods.
- 4. Overview Software engineering is an engineering branch associated with development of software product using well-defined scientific principles, methods and procedures. The outcome of software engineering is an efficient and reliable software product.
- 5. Software Evolution The process of developing a software product using software engineering principles and methods is referred to as software evolution. This includes the initial development of software and its maintenance and updates, till desired software product is developed, which satisfies the expected requirement of the user.
- 6. Software paradigms refer to the methods and steps, which are taken while designing the software. There are many methods proposed and are in work today, but we need to see where in the software engineering these paradigms stand. Software Paradigms
- 7. Software Development Paradigm This Paradigm is known as software engineering paradigms where all the engineering concepts pertaining to the development of software are applied. It includes various researches and requirement gathering which helps the software product to build. It consists of – 1. Requirement gathering 2. Software design & 3. Programming
- 8. Software Development Paradigm: 2.Software Design This paradigm is a part of Software Development and includes – 1. Design 2. Maintenance 3. Programming
- 9. This paradigm is related closely to programming aspect of software development. This includes – 1. Coding 2. Testing 3. Integration Software Development Paradigm: 3. Programming
- 10. Characteristics Of Good Software - A software product can be judged by what it offers and how well it can be used. This software must satisfy on the following grounds: 1. Operational 2. Transitional 3. Maintenance
- 11. Good S/W Characteristic: 1.Operational This tells us how well software works in operations. It can be measured on: 1. Budget 2. Usability 3. Efficiency 4. Correctness 5. Functionality 6. Dependability 7. Security 8. Safety
- 12. This aspect is important when the software is moved from one platform to another: 1. Portability 2. Interoperability 3. Reusability 4. Adaptability Good S/W Characteristic: 2. Transitional
- 13. This aspect briefs about how well a software has the capabilities to maintain itself in the ever-changing environment: 1. Modularity 2. Maintainability 3. Flexibility 4. Scalability Good S/W Characteristic: 3. Maintenance
- 14. Software development life cycle, SDLC for short, is a well-defined, structured sequence of stages in software engineering to develop the intended software product. SDLC Activities SDLC provides a series of steps to be followed to design and develop a software product efficiently. SDLC- Software Development Life Cycle:
- 15. Software Development Life Cycle Fig: SDLC Phases ( Top Down )
- 16. The Software Engineering Process – Software Life Cycle The illustration below highlights the various phases of what is probably the oldest software development process in existence, namely the classic life- cycle paradigm, sometimes called the "waterfall model,".
- 17. SDLC –Phases: Communication This is the first step where the user initiates the request for a desired software product. He contacts the service provider and tries to negotiate the terms. He submits his request to the service providing organization in writing.
- 18. Requirement Gathering - This step onwards the software development team works to carry on the project. The team holds discussions with various stakeholders from problem domain and tries to bring out as much information as possible on their requirements. The requirements are contemplated and segregated into user requirements, system requirements and functional requirements. The requirements are collected using a number of practices as given • Studying the existing or obsolete system and software, • Conducting interviews of users and developers, • Referring to the database or • Collecting answers from the questionnaires. SDLC –Phases:
- 19. Feasibility Study After requirement gathering, the team comes up with a rough plan of software process. At this step the team analyzes if a software can be made to fulfil all requirements of the user and if there is any possibility of software being no more useful. It is found out, if the project is financially, practically and technologically feasible for the organization to take up. There are many algorithms available, which help the developers to conclude the feasibility of a software project. SDLC –Phases:
- 20. System Analysis At this step the developers decide a roadmap of their plan and try to bring up the best software model suitable for the project. System analysis includes Understanding of software product limitations, learning system related problems or changes to be done in existing systems beforehand, identifying and addressing the impact of project on organization and personnel etc. The project team analyzes the scope of the project and plans the schedule and resources accordingly. SDLC –Phases:
- 21. Software Design Next step is to bring down whole knowledge of requirements and analysis on the desk and design the software product. The inputs from users and information gathered in requirement gathering phase are the inputs of this step. The output of this step comes in the form of two designs; logical design and physical design. Engineers produce meta-data and data dictionaries, logical diagrams, data-flow diagrams and in some cases pseudo codes. SDLC –Phases:
- 22. Coding This step is also known as programming phase. The implementation of software design starts in terms of writing program code in the suitable programming language and developing error-free executable programs efficiently. SDLC –Phases:
- 23. Testing An estimate says that 50% of whole software development process should be tested. Errors may ruin the software from critical level to its own removal. Software testing is done while coding by the developers and thorough testing is conducted by testing experts at various levels of code such as module testing, program testing, product testing, in-house testing and testing the product at user’s end. Early discovery of errors and their remedy is the key to reliable software. SDLC –Phases:
- 24. Integration Software may need to be integrated with the libraries, databases and other program(s). This stage of SDLC is involved in the integration of software with outer world entities. SDLC –Phases:
- 25. Implementation This means installing the software on user machines. At times, software needs post-installation configurations at user end. Software is tested for portability and adaptability and integration related issues are solved during implementation. SDLC –Phases:
- 26. Operation and Maintenance This phase confirms the software operation in terms of more efficiency and less errors. If required, the users are trained on, or aided with the documentation on how to operate the software and how to keep the software operational. The software is maintained timely by updating the code according to the changes taking place in user end environment or technology. This phase may face challenges from hidden bugs and real-world unidentified problems. SDLC –Phases:
- 27. Summary Software engineering is a detailed study of engineering to the design, development, and maintenance of software. Software engineering was introduced to address the issues of low-quality software projects. Problems arise when a software generally exceeds timelines, budgets, and reduced levels of quality. It ensures that the application is built consistently, correctly, on time and on budget and within requirements. The demand for software engineering also emerged to cater to the immense rate of change in user requirements and the environment on which application is supposed to be working
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