Software Testing Principles and Techniques
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The document contains a session plan for a software testing principles and techniques course. The session objectives are to define various software testing terms and concepts, differentiate between different types of testing, and learn about the testing process. The session would include slides, demonstrations of testing software, and discussions. Test cases for an example ATM system are also provided to demonstrate initial functional testing.
Software Testing Principles and Techniques
- 2. Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 2 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 3. Session Objectives At the end of this session, the learner will be able to: ● Define Testing ● Identify the Purpose of Testing ● Summarize the Limitations of Testing ● Breakdown the various advantages of Testing ● Define Various types of UI Testing ● Setup the Testing Environment ● Differentiate between white box and Black Box Testing ● Differentiate between Development and Testing Environment ● Breakdown the various advantages of Unit-Testing ● Define Integrated Testing ● Breakdown the various advantages of System Testing ● Define Acceptance Testing ● Summarize the Limitations of SQM ● Define SQA ● Identify the Steps involved to create Build File ● Investigate Various Testing tools available in the Market ● Define Defect Testing ● Define System Testing ● Differentiate between Unit Testing and Acceptance Testing ● Define Bug ● Differentiate between Defect and Bug ● Differentiate between Defect and Error ● Summarize the Various mechanism for Posting the Defect ● Breakdown the various steps involved to post the Defect ● Summarize the Various responsibilities for Testers ● Define Testing Automation ● Differentiate between Silk and Fitness Automation ● Summarize the Various duties of Maintenance Engineer ● Define Software Requirement Specification Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 3 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 4. Teaching Learning Material ● Demonstration ● Slide Presentation ● Data Sheets ● Testing Software – Bugzilla, Test Track Pro <<Dear Professor, we really appreciate you for the time that you have spent in documenting your pedagogic innovations. As per the telephonic talk that you had with my colleague Padma, I’m sending this document. Please consolidate all the four different session plans in this assignment to one single session plan and do send it across to me. After reviewing that session plan I’ll be able to suggest you further regarding the session input segment>> Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 4 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 5. Session Plan Time (in min) Content Learning Aid and Methodology Faculty Approach Typical Student Activity Learning Outcomes (Blooms + Gardeners) 5 Recap: Role for Project Manager Discussion Explains Listens Comprehension Intrapersonal 5 Arrange Team Meetings Role Play Guides Discuss Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 10 team members understand their roles Short Seminar Guides Discussion Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 10 Manages project timeline and resources Charts Evaluates Participates Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 15 Communicates well with customer. Discussion Directs Solves Knowledge Comprehension 10 Conclusion Recap Explains Listens Comprehension Intrapersonal Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 5 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 6. Time (in min) Content Learning Aid and Methodology Faculty Approach Typical Student Activity Learning Outcomes (Blooms + Gardeners) 5 Recap: Role for Designer Discussion Explains Listens Comprehension Intrapersonal 5 Develops effective requirements analysis of problem domain for customer. Prototype Models Guides Discuss Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 10 Develops clear system specification and design documents for programmers. Short Seminars Guides Discussion Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 10 Develops clear test plan. Data Sheets Evaluates Participates Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 10 Cooperates and works well with other analysts and programmers. Discussion Directs Solves Knowledge Comprehension 5 Conclusion Recap Explains Listens Comprehension Intrapersonal Time (in min) Content Learning Aid and Methodology Faculty Approach Typical Student Activity Learning Outcomes Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 6 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 7. (Blooms + Gardeners) 5 Recap: Role for Programmer Discussion Explains Listens Comprehension Intrapersonal 5 Communicates well with analyst/designer. Prototype Models Guides Discuss Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 10 Develops effective code. Short Seminars Guides Discussion Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 10 Contributes code and documentation timely and well. Data Sheets Evaluates Participates Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 10 Conclusion Recap Explains Listens Comprehension Intrapersonal Time (in min) Content Learning Aid and Methodology Faculty Approach Typical Student Activity Learning Outcomes (Blooms + Gardeners) 5 Recap: Role for Tester Discussion Explains Listens Comprehension Intrapersonal 5 Testers to create Test Cases Data Sheets Guides Discuss Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 7 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 8. 10 Based on the Test cases go for Testing the Products Brain Storming Guides Discussion Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 10 Raise the Defect based on the Test Cases and Post the defect in the Automated Tools. Data Sheets Evaluates Participates Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation 10 Conclusion Recap Explains Listens Comprehension Intrapersonal Session Inputs Testing – Various types of Testing The learners may have understand the Testing. Testing is an activity performed for evaluating product quality, and for improving it, by identifying defects and problems. Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 8 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 9. Software testing consists of the dynamic verification of the behavior of a program on a finite set of test cases, suitably selected from the usually infinite executions domain, against the expected behavior. Initial Functional Test Cases for Example ATM System The following initial test cases can be identified early in the design process as a vehicle for checking that the implementation is basically correct. No attempt has been made at this point to do thorough testing, including all possible errors and boundary cases. That needs to come later. These cases represent an initial check that the functionality specified by the use cases is present. Some writers would argue for developing test cases like these in place of use cases. Here, they are presented as a vehicle for "fleshing out" the use cases, not as a substitute for them. Use Case Function Being Tested Initial System State Input Expected Output System Startup System is started when the switch is turned "on" System is off Activate the "on" switch System requests initial cash amount System Startup System accepts initial cash amount System is requesting cash amount Enter a legitimate amount System is on System Startup Connection to the bank is established System has just been turned on Perform a legitimate inquiry transaction System output should demonstrate that a connection has been established to the Bank Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 9 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 12. correct updated balance; System records transaction correctly in the log (showing both message to the bank and approval back) Withdrawal System verifies that it has sufficient cash on hand to fulfill the request System has been started up with less than the maximum withdrawal amount in cash on hand; System is requesting a withdrawal amount Choose an amount greater than what the system currently has System displays an appropriate message and asks customer to choose a different amount Withdrawal System verifies that customer's balance is sufficient to fulfill the request System is requesting a withdrawal amount Choose an amount that the system currently has but which is greater than the account balance System displays an appropriate message and offers customer the option of choosing to do another transaction or not. Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 12 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 14. type a dollar amount Deposit System performs a legitimate deposit transaction properly System is requesting that customer insert an envelope Insert an envelope System accepts envelope; System prints a correct receipt showing amount and correct updated balance; System records transaction correctly in the log (showing message to the bank, approval back, and acceptance of the envelope) Deposit A deposit transaction can be cancelled by the customer any time prior to inserting an envelope System is displaying menu of account types Press "Cancel" key System displays an appropriate message and offers customer the option of choosing to do another transaction or not. Deposit A deposit transaction System is requesting Press "Cancel" key System displays an Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 14 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 18. records transaction correctly in the log (showing both message to the bank and approval back) Inquiry An inquiry transaction can be cancelled by the customer any time prior to choosing an account System is displaying menu of account types Press "Cancel" key System displays an appropriate message and offers customer the option of choosing to do another transaction or not. Invalid PIN Extension Customer is asked to reenter PIN Enter an incorrect PIN; Attempt an inquiry transaction on the customer's checking account Customer is asked to re-enter PIN Invalid PIN Extension Correct re-entry of PIN is accepted Request to re-enter PIN is being displayed Enter correct PIN Original transaction completes successfully Invalid PIN Extension A correctly re-entered PIN is used for An incorrect PIN has been re-entered Perform another transaction This transaction completes Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 18 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 20. BREAKDOWN OF TOPICS Suggested Activity: PROJECT MANAGER ( Role Play) Each project manager should give a self-assessment, and each person who interacts with a project manager should evaluate that person’s performance of that in the project Arranges and leads team meetings effectively. Makes sure a secretary takes minutes. Delegates responsibilities to others effectively. Makes sure team members understand their roles. Guides the team toward their goals and milestones. Manages project timeline and resources well. Cooperates and works well with rest of team. Let’s form a 4 team groups. Each team identifies the project manager in your team. Each project manager should give a self-assessment, and each person who interacts with a project manager should evaluate that person’s performance of that in the project. Guides the team towards their short term and long term goal achievements. Suggested Activity: Architect Designers ( Role Play) Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 20 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 21. Communicates well with customer. Develops effective requirements analysis of problem domain for customer. Develops clear system specification and design documents for programmers. Develops clear test plan. Contributes documentation timely and well. Cooperates and works well with other analysts and programmers. Let’s form a 4 team groups. Each team identifies the analyst/designer should give a self-assessment, and each person who interacts with should an analyst/designer evaluate that person’s performance of that in the project. Designers to Develops the effective architecture to the client and developers. Suggested Activity: Programmer( Role Play) Communicates well with analyst/designer. Develops effective code. Develops well-commented, maintainable code. Tests unit effectively. Tests system acceptably and effectively. Contributes code and documentation timely and well. Each Programmer should give a self-assessment, and each person who interacts with should an analyst/designer evaluate that person’s performance of that in the project. Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 21 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 22. Suggested Activity: Testers( Role Play) Communicates well with analyst/designer. Testers to create Test Cases Based on the Test cases go for Testing the Product Raise the Defect based on the Test Cases Post the defect in the Automated Tools Need to fix the Target date for Developers Intimate Updated Defect list to the Customers The learners may have understand the term testing and its Principles and various types of testing and Testing Automation. Each Tester should give a self-assessment, and each person who interacts with should an analyst/designer evaluate that person’s performance of that in the project. Software Testing Principles and Various Techniques Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 22 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 23. Summary In this session, we learnt to: ● Define Testing o A Process of evaluating a particular product to determine whether the product contain any defects ● Identify the Purpose of Testing o Validate the Product to make sellable ● Summarize the Limitations of Testing o Based on the Test Cases testers should execute the Test Cases. ● Breakdown the various advantages of Testing o More Productive o Identify the Defects ● Define Various types of UI Testing o Silk Automation o Fitness ● Setup the Testing Environment o Product should be in Jar/War/Ear format o Testing Tools o Testcases o SRS ● Differentiate between white box and Black Box Testing o In White Box Testing testers able to see the implementation(Structural) part(Coding) o In Black Box Testing testers able to the functionality of the Product ● Differentiate between Development and Testing Environment o Development – Build the Product o Testing-Check the Quality of the Product ● Breakdown the various advantages of Unit-Testing Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 23 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 24. o Developers to test the product before sending to the testers ● Define Integrated Testing o Combining Group of modules and make a Build file ● Breakdown the various advantages of System Testing o Testers need to find the Defect in the Product ● Define Acceptance Testing o Client Testing team evaluate the offshore teams comments ● Summarize the Limitations of SQM o Check the Quality of the Product ● Define SQA o Certify and Validate the Product ● Identify the Steps involved to create Build File o Simulate the same product in the testing environments. ● Investigate Various Testing tools available in the Market o Bugzilla o TestTrackPro ● Define Defect Testing o To find the Defect in the Product ● Define System Testing o Test the Product in Different Platform ● Differentiate between Unit Testing and Acceptance Testing o Developers Cycle of Testing o Client Cycle of Testing ● Define Bug o Product output not matching with the Software Requirements Specification ● Differentiate between Defect and Bug o Testing Point of View it is called as Defect o Developers Point of View it is called as Bug ● Differentiate between Defect and Error o Testers find the defect in the Product o While Debugging Developers finding the errors ● Summarize the Various mechanism for Posting the Defect Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 24 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 25. o Through Automated tools o Checklist ● Breakdown the various steps involved to post the Defect o Screen shortcut o Attachments ● Summarize the Various responsibilities for Testers o Test the Product as per the Test Cases. ● Define Testing Automation o Based on the Testcases to execute the Product ● Differentiate between Silk and Fitness Automation o Silk Automation – Grouping the UI Screens o Fitness Automation – Database Validation ● Summarize the Various duties of Maintenance Engineer o Once the Client Accept the Product in the Future Client wants to add/Modify the Product Cycle. ● Define Software Requirement Specification o It Contains Fuctional Spec o Non Functional Spec o Use Case Diagrams o Pseudo Code Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 25 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 26. Assignment 1. For this assignment, you will initially compare various software quality measurements Techniques for more than one software development methodologies such as Extreme Programming, Unified Model, and Waterfall Model, etc. You will then determine when a software project is completed and ready to ship to customers based on the compared different quality measurement techniques. “How good is good enough?” Background You must write this report for the Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College. The College is developing a software application for one of its clients. The software is designed to manage an electronic library that has lots of electronic documents, where the software should: • Allow the client's user to input, remove and lookup entries. • Provide an easy way to visualise the contents of the library. • Documents to be "checked out" for modification and "checked in" when finished with. • Allow for easy viewing of documents from a central repository. • Allow client's users to copy items to their own drives. It will then keep track of what drives a document is kept on. • Allow for consolidation (removing duplications) if the client's organization is running low of space. • Allow notes to be taken on any document. These notes can be restricted for viewing to certain users, or available to all users. The Report The report must be minimum 2000 words and includes (but is not limited to): _ Software quality attributes and definition of software quality _ Software quality planning and plans _ Software quality assurance _ ISO/9001:2000 approach to a software quality system _ SEI software development Capability Maturity Model Integrated (CMMI) _ ETVX (entrance, task, verification, exit) process model in software development _ Software productivity metrics and measurements _ Software quality metrics and measurements _ Software design and complexity metrics _ Software Project Assessments You may have to make assumptions about the project for things that effect the choice. You should document these in your report. Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 26 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 27. Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 27 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
- 28. References ● (IEEE829-98) IEEE Std 829-1998, Standard for Software Test Documentation, IEEE, 1998. ● (IEEE982.1-88) IEEE Std 982.1-1988, IEEE Standard Dictionary of Measures to Produce Reliable Software, IEEE, 1988. ● (IEEE1008-87) IEEE Std 1008-1987 (R2003), IEEE Standard for Software Unit Testing, IEEE, 1987. ● Brooks, Frederick P, The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering, Addison-Wesley, 1975. ● Maguire, Steve, Writing Solid Code, Microsoft Press, 1993. ● Ian Sommerville, "Software Engineering", Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, 2001. Software Testing Principles & Techniques Page 28 Author Name: R.Suresh College Name: Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College