Soil & mineral resources
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The document discusses the formation of soil from rocks through weathering processes, which can be mechanical or chemical. It outlines the key factors affecting soil formation, particularly climate, and provides information on the characteristics of minerals, including their properties and types. The Philippines is highlighted as a mineral-rich country due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, notable for its various metallic and non-metallic mineral resources.
Soil & mineral resources
- 1. SOIL & MINERAL RESOURCES Soil Weathering Formation of soil from rocks Factors acting together on rocks to form soil Minerals Properties of Minerals MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES
- 2. SOIL RESOURCES Formation of soil from rocks Factors acting together on rocks to form soil
- 3. SOIL --is formed when rocks and other materials near the Earth’s surface are broken down by a number of processes collectively called weathering.
- 4. WEATHERING • It is the process by which rocks are chemically altered or physically broken down into fragments at or near Earth’s surface. • Two Forms: 1. Mechanical Weathering – the process of physically breaking rock into smaller fragment. 2. Chemical Weathering – a process in which rock is broken down by chemical reactions.
- 5. SOIL FORMATION 1. When a piece of rock is exposed to the sun, its outer part expands.
- 6. SOIL FORMATION 2. On cooling, at night time, the outer part of the rock contracts or shrink.
- 7. SOIL FORMATION 3. Once broken down, water enters the cracks causing some minerals to dissolve.
- 8. SOIL FORMATION 4. Air also enters the cracks, and oxygen in the air combines with some elements. Once soft and broken, bacteria and small plants start to grow in the cracks of the rock.
- 9. FACTORS ACTING TOGETHER ON ROCKS TO FORM SOIL 1. CLIMATE – expressed as both temperature and rainfall effects, is often considered the most powerful soil- forming factor. A. Temperature – controls how fast chemical reactions occur. Mature soils have more silt and clay on or near the surface.
- 10. FACTORS ACTING TOGETHER ON ROCKS TO FORM SOIL B. Rainfall Water directly affects the movement of soluble soil nutrients from the top soil to deep under the ground (leaching). Acidic Rainwater may also contribute to the loss of minerals in soil resulting in low field
- 12. MINERALS --Are naturally occurring, nonliving, solid with a definite structure and composition.
- 13. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 1. Luster – is the way in which its surface reflects light. a. Metallic – generally opaque and exhibit a resplendent shine similar to a polished metal b. Non-metallic – vitreous (glassy), adamantine (brilliant/diamond-like), resinous, silky, pearly, dull(earthy), greasy, etc.
- 14. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 2. HARDNESS – is the resistance of a mineral to scratching. MOHS HARDNESS SCALE
- 15. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 3. COLOR – depend on what element is present and abundant to a particular mineral
- 16. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 4. STREAK –the color of minerals in its powder form.
- 17. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 5. Fracture – minerals that break with rough or jagged edger.
- 18. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 6. CLEAVAGE –way the mineral breaks along flat smooth surface.
- 19. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 7. DENSITY – depends on its chemical composition. Minerals made up of elements with higher atomic masses have higher densities.
- 20. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 8. MAGNETISM – minerals containing iron are magnetic. 9. ACID TEST – use to find out if the minerals contain CO3.
- 22. Important METALLIC MINERALS found in various parts of the Philippines • Gold • Copper • Iron • Chromite • Nickel • Cobalt • Platinum
- 23. The Philippines has also varied NONMETALLIC RESOURCES • Sand • Gravel • Limestone • Marble • Clay • Other quarry materials
- 24. THE PHILIPPINES IS LISTED AS THE.. • 5th mineral country in the world • 3rd in Gold reserves • 4th in copper • 5th in nickel
- 25. WHY THE PHILIPPINES IS RICH IN MINERAL RESOURCES?
- 26. Pacific Ring of Fire The richness of the Philippines in terms of mineral resources is being attributed to its location in the so-called Pacific Ring of Fire. This area is associated with over 450 volcanoes and is home to approximately 75% of World’s active Volcanoes.
- 27. Pacific Ring of Fire
- 28. Pacific Ring of Fire
- 29. WHY ARE MINERALS LOCATED WHERE THERE ARE VOLCANOES?
- 30. ASSIGNMENT Give a list of mineral deposits in the Philippines and their location, and what geologic structures (active volcanoes, faults and trenches) are found near the location of the metallic deposits? Metal, in symbols Metal, in words Province/Region where the metals are found Geologic Structure near the location of the metallic Deposits 1. 2. 3. 4. .. 10.
- 31. THANK YOU!