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Insects And Different Bird PestsSome agricultural pest
This document provides information on the painted bug (Bagrada hilaris). It belongs to the family Pentatomidae and order Hemiptera. Both the adult and nymphs feed on mustard plants by sucking plant juices. This causes seedlings to wilt and can ultimately kill the plant. The adult is 5-7mm long with a black shield shaped body and white/orange markings. Females lay eggs underneath host plants. There are five nymphal stages. Multiple generations occur depending on climate, with eggs hatching in 4 days. All life stages can be found on plant parts, with the nymphal stage lasting 2-3 weeks. Control involves monitoring plant damage and removing weeds near crops.
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Insects And Different Bird PestsSome agricultural pest
- 2. Presented by: Muhammad Kamran AsadHayat Sajid Amin Ali Hassan Farrukh Sajjad Presented to: Sir Sajjad 6th Entomology
- 3. T.N: Ploceus philippinus Family:Ploceidae Order: Passeriformes Class: Aves Phylum: Chordata
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- 5. Sparrow-sized (15 cm) Plumage:In non-breeding plumage both males and females resemble female house sparrows Mating calls: continuous chit-chit-… ending in a wheezy cheee-eee-ee….. Hanging retort shaped nests woven from leaves on the eastern side of the tree to shelter from the Southwest Monsoon
- 8. The males arepolygynous, mating with 2 to 3 females one after another The female lays about 2 to 4 white eggs The females are responsible for incubating and bringing up the brood They nest in colonies typically of up to 20-30 close to the source of food
- 9. Social and gregariousbirds They forage in flocks for seeds Both on the plants and on the ground Known to glean paddy and other grain in harvested fields occasionally damage ripening crops wild grasses Feeding on seedlings in the germination stage as well as on early stages of grain Grain loss can be of 1 kg rice per bird
- 10. Traditional bird scaringmethods Use of model or actual dead birds
- 11. Method of partiallytreating paddy field After flowering stage By attracting birds by artificial roosting To the treated area(with carbofuran) 1-10 % of total cultivated area The pesticide must be very toxic and bird repellent
- 14. Multivoltine Eggs :seed-like shinylaid singly Incubation : 5-10 days larva : 14-21 days Pupal : 7-11 days A complete life cycle occupies 4 to 5 weeks Pupation occurs in earthern cells several centimetres below the soil surface
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- 16. Sweet potato Other Convolvulaceae Severalimportant legumes
- 17. The larva isa large voracious caterpillar Extremely sluggish Capable of defoliating the plant. Feeds on the leaf blade causing large irregular holes Eventually eats the entire leaf blade leaving only the petiole. Preferring young leaves, but will eat all leaves if population is high Frass can be found near the infested plant part
- 19. Pesticide use isnot recommended as it disrupts the action of the egg and larval parasites
- 20. T. N :Mythimna separata Family : Noctuidae Order : Lepidoptera
- 21. Adult : palebrown Larvae : Freshly emerged larvae very active dull white and later turn green
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- 24. In the earlystages they feed on tender leaves in the central whorl of plant. As they grow they feed on older leaves and skeltonize totally. In case of severe attack whole leaves including mid rib are consumed.
- 25. Field looks asgrazed by cattle. Pest may also eat away ears, awns , and the immature grain. The yield losses up to 42% have been reported.
- 26. Pest can besuppressed by collecting and destroying the Catterpillar. Chemical control : Spray 500ml of Dichlorvos 85 SL 3 kg of Carbonyl 50 WP 1 L of quinalphos In 250 L of water per ha.
- 27. Kingdom : Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class : Aves Order : Passeriformes Family : Corvidae Genus : Corvus Species: Splendens
- 28. The forehead throatand upper breast are a richly glossed black, whilst the neck and breast are a lighter grey-brown in colour. The wings, tail and legs are also black.
- 30. Crow is aprimary consumer and omnivorous in nature. It may feed on dead rats ,carrion ,kitchen scraps, locusts ,termites , the eggs of other birds and the ripening grain of Maize and Fruits. Cause more damage in the seedling stage than the mature. predator of small animals, including amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
- 32. Biological parasite :Eudynamys scolopacea A dead crow hanging on the top of pole in the field can be effectively used. Destroy egg and nest during June-August. The Maize cobs on the plant can be protected by wrapping one. A large wire gauze having on one side a converging entrance.
- 34. T. N: Thysanoplusia orichalcea Family : Noctuidae Order : Lepidoptera
- 35. Adult Larvae Adult :color light palish brown Large golden patch on eachforewing Larvae : Plump and palish green
- 36. pollyphagous Causedamage by bitting round holes into cabbage leaves. Bitting holes varry according to their stage of development Loss of qulity nd quantity Very difficult to identify on walking look like semi loops and cabbage catter plillar
- 37. Hand picking Mechanical destruction Spray 1 L of malathion50EC 925 ML of Endusulfan In 250L of water per ha
- 39. It hasa typical length of 16 cm Females and young birds are coloured pale brown and grey Males have brighter black, white, and brown markings
- 40. The House Sparrowis monogamous Two to six eggs are white spotted with grayish spots Incubation period 11–14 days They have a long breeding season July to April, with peak breeding between September and February. Two or three broods are commonly raised during this season
- 41. Vegetables andcereals Most abundant in oats and wheat-growing areas Feeds on the seeds of grains and weeds and eats whatever foods are available The proportion of seeds as diet = 90% Buds, berries, and fruits such as grapes and cherries
- 42. Young House Sparrowsare fed mostly on insects until about fifteen days after hatching Can act as a vector of diseases
- 43. Destruction of roostingand nesting sites Encourage the cats Close all openings over 2 cm Poultry houses and feeders should be screened Removal of hedgerows adjacent to crop Fields Alternate the use of several audio and visual frightening devices Fenthion by using Rid-A-Bird® perches.
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- 45. Identification: The insects aregreen louse like. The nymphs and the females look alike. It breeds at a fast rate during cold weather increased population in February-March The females give birth to young ones Parthenogenetically. In October-November, the aphids again appear on wheat.
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- 47. Damage: The nymphs andadults suck the sap particularly from their ears. The damage is particularly severe in years of cold and cloudy weather. A heavily manured, well-irrigated and succulent crop will harbour the pest for a longer period and suffer greater damage.
- 48. Control: Spray 375 mlof dimethoate 30 EC or oxydemeton methyl 25 EC or monocrotophos 36SL in 500 L of water per ha. Since the aphids appear first on the borders of the crop, spray only the infected strip to check further spread. Coccinella spp is used to control aphid.
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- 50. Identification: Adult: Head and thoraxis black in colour. Abdomen is orange colour. Wings are translucent, smoky with black veins.
- 51. Identification: Larvae: - Greenish blackwith wrinkled body and has eight pairs of pro-legs. On touch the larva falls to ground and feigns death.
- 52. Damage: Cole crops (mustard,cabbage, cauliflower, radish, etc.) Other host plants in family Brassicaceae. Leaves defoliated from the margins and presence of dark brown or black caterpillars with black head, swollen thorax, yellow spotted body and more than seven pairs of legs aggregating on the cut edges of leaves.
- 53. Control: Summer ploughing todestroy the pupa. Early sowing should be done. Maintain clean cultivation. Apply irrigation in seedling stage is very crucial for sawfly management because most of the larvae die due to drowning effect. Severe cold reduces pest load. Collection and destruction of grubs of saw fly in morning and evening
- 54. Control: Conserve Perilissus cingulator(parasitoids of the grubs), and the bacterium Serratia marcescens which infect the larvae of sawfly. Use of bitter gourd seed oil emulsion as on anti- feedant. Spray the crop with malathion 50 EC @ 1000 ml/ha quinolphos 25 EC @ 625ml/ha. All this should be applied in about 600 to 700 litres of water per ha.
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- 56. Scientific name: Lipaphiserysimi Family: Aphididae Order: Homoptera
- 57. Soft bodied ,smallsized Female aphids yellowish green or olive green A pair of cornicles on fifth abdominal segment Male aphids are dusky green to olive in colour
- 58. Eggs lay alongthe veins of leave Four nymphal instar are present Nymphal stage consist 9-8 days After the last molt ,pass 2-3 days start producing youngones
- 61. Both stage causedamage Suk the cell sap Advanced stage plant may be die or wither Honey dew secrete which promote sooty mold Vector of many diseases
- 63. Use resistance verities Cropsown before 20th October Avoid excess use of fertilizer Destroyed effected parts of plants Use imidachloprid 250gm/acre
- 64.
- 65. Scientific nameBagrada hilaris Family pentatomidae Order Hemiptera
- 66. Adult is5-7mm long Black shield shaped body with white and orange marking Female are larger than male Female lay egg beneath host plant Five nymphal instar
- 68. Number of generationdepend upon climatic condition Multivoltine Eggs hatch in four days Eggs are barrel shaped and white in color Later on change into orange color Prefer cold temperature All stages present on plant parts Nymphal stage remain 2 to 3weeks Five nymphal instar it also attack on weed like lambs quarters
- 69.
- 72. Both adult andnymph feed on leaves, stem and seed Feed on plant juices Seedlings are more effected by them Plant become wither and ultimate die
- 73. Carefully monitor theplant damage Remove weed present near the pod