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Special stains
Special stains are used in renal pathology to assist with diagnosis beyond a routine H&E stain. PAS stain highlights basement membranes and is useful for evaluating renal biopsies. Trichrome stain colors nuclei blue, cytoplasm red, and collagen blue/green, aiding visualization of immune deposits and fibrosis. Silver stains basement membranes and is used to identify fungal organisms, demonstrating membrane duplication in MPGN and surrounding immune complexes in membranous GN. Special stains play a key role in renal pathology diagnosis.
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Introduction to the role of special stains in renal pathology; highlights the significance of tissues and specimens.
Routine staining (H&E) vs special stains; importance of using various dyes for specific tissue diagnosis.
Comparative analysis of stains for glomerular conditions; highlights H&E, PAS, MS, and Trichrome.
Detailed discussion on PAS staining; its role in diagnosing various renal conditions, including glomerulonephritis.
Insights into amyloidosis and MPGN; introduction to silver staining for fungi and basement membranes.
Silver staining results in membranous GN; highlights membrane changes and features in diabetic glomerulopathy.
Explores crescent formation and collapsing glomerulopathy; illustrates pathology changes.
Explains trichrome staining; demonstrates its application in FSGS and membranous GN staging.
Brainstorming of renal conditions; insights into arteriolar hyalinosis and tubulo-interstitial disease.
Wrap-up of the presentation; summary of the discussed staining techniques in renal pathology.
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Special stains
- 1. PRESENTATION ROLE OFSPECIAL STAINS IN RENAL PATHOLOGY Thanks to my resident Dr. Babar Yasin PGR II Histopathology FMH
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- 3. Histopathology involves detailed microscopic study of diseased tissue after use of special techniques for preparation of the specimen.
- 4. For usevery specimen is a patient, which we have to make talk and tell about itself.
- 5. Routine (H&E) staining Corner stone of tissue-based diagnosis. Haematoxylin dye stains cell nuclei blue. Eosin dye stains other structures pink or red. This technique provides exceptional detail of tissue structure and the makeup of the cells.
- 6. Special stainsuse a variety of dyes and techniques to stain particular tissues, structures or pathogens to assist pathologists with tissue-based diagnosis.
- 7. MORPHOLOGIC DD OFHOMOGENOUS ACELLUAR GLOMERULAR MATERIAL: STAIN HYALINOSIS SCLEROSIS AMYLOID FIBROSIS FIBRIN THROMBUS H&E +++ +++ ++ ++ +++ PAS +++ +++ + ++ + MS - +++ - + - TRICHROM E RED/BLUE BLUE BLUE BLUE DARK RED CONGO RED - - +++ - -
- 8. PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) Stains basement membrane (normal and in tumors), glycogen, some mucins and mucopolysaccharides. Kidney: recommended for routine evaluation of renal biopsies due to basement membrane staining; also useful to diagnose renal cell carcinoma.
- 9. PAS STAINING OFA NORMAL GLOMERULOUS. Thin capillary loops with endothelial cells. PAS highlights basement membranes of glomerular capillaries and tubular epithelium. Normal size mesangium. Podocytes forming viseral epithelium Bowman space along with Parietal epithelial cells.
- 11. PAS STAINING INMEMBRANOUS GN:
- 12. PAS STAINING INFSGS
- 13. PAS STAINING INNODULAR GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS.
- 14. Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules highlightwith PAS stain
- 15. PAS STAINING INLIGHT CHAIN DISEASE DISEASE:
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- 19. SILVER STAIN: Special stain for detecting fungi. Stains Basement membranes. There are several silver stains, including: 1) Grocott's methenamine silver stain, used widely as a screen for fungal organisms. 2) Jones' stain, a methenamine silver-Periodic acid-Schiff that stains for basement membrane.
- 20. SILVER STAINING INMEMBRANOUS GN: Highlights the membrane in black. The spikes of basement membrane are easily seen.
- 22. Black material completelysurrounds the immune deposits forming rings.
- 23. SILVER STAINING INMPGN: Double contour or the “tram tracking” of the membranes because of reduplication.
- 24. SILVER STAINING INDIABETIC GLOMERULOPATHY
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- 27. TRICHROME STAINING: Trichrome is a three colour staining protocol used in histology. The following staining is achieved: 1) Nuclei - blue/black. 2) Muscle, erythrocytes, cytoplasm – red 3) Connective tissue, in particular collagen - blue/green.
- 28. TRICHROME STAINING INFSGS: Demonstrate blue collagen deposition
- 29. TRICHROME STAINING INMEMBRANOUS GN: The immune deposits with a characteristic red color.
- 30. In stage 1, deposits are not accompanied by spikes. Stage IV, GBM is thickened. Deposits are disappearing In stage III, the GBM has completely surrounded the deposits. In stage II, the reaction in outer GBM produces spikes.
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- 32. Arteriolar Hyalinosis Capsular Drops Micro- Aneurisms
- 34. TRICHROME STAINING INAYMLOIDOSIS:
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