SPIN and Shapes
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SPIN (Shapes Constraint Language) is an RDF vocabulary for defining constraints on RDF graphs. It allows expressing constraints using SPARQL queries. Templates can encapsulate common constraint patterns and properties. The document discusses using SPIN to define constraints for shapes, providing examples of constraints for rectangles and squares. It also proposes a standardized library of SPIN templates and constraints for common shapes definitions.
![Constraints in SPARQL (ASK)
ss:Square
spin:constraint [
a sp:Ask ;
sp:text """
# Width and height must be equal
ASK WHERE {
?this ss:width ?width .
?this ss:height ?height .
FILTER (?width != ?height) .
}
"""
]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2014-11-spin-141031015419-conversion-gate01/85/SPIN-and-Shapes-3-320.jpg)
![Constraints in SPARQL (CONSTRUCT)
ss:Square
spin:constraint [
rdf:type sp:Construct ;
sp:text """
# Width and height must be equal
CONSTRUCT {
_:cv a spin:ConstraintViolation ;
spin:violationRoot ?this ;
spin:violationPath ss:height ;
rdfs:label "Width and height must be equal"
}
WHERE {
?this ss:width ?width .
?this ss:height ?height .
FILTER (?width != ?height) .
}
"""
]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2014-11-spin-141031015419-conversion-gate01/85/SPIN-and-Shapes-4-320.jpg)
![Possible Syntactic Sugar
Idea from Simister, Brickley:
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/images/0/00/SimpleApplication-
SpecificConstraintsforRDFModels.pdf
ss:Square
spin:constraint [
a spin:Ask ;
spin:context ss:height ;
spin:message "Width and height must be equal" ;
spin:sparql """
ASK WHERE {
?this ss:width ?width .
?this ss:height ?height .
FILTER (?width != ?height) .
}
"""
]
(The current SPIN is just a starting point, it’s an open RDF vocabulary)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2014-11-spin-141031015419-conversion-gate01/85/SPIN-and-Shapes-5-320.jpg)
![Positive values constraint in SPARQL
ss:Rectangle
spin:constraint [
a sp:Construct ;
sp:text """
# The value of ss:width must be > 0
CONSTRUCT {
_:cv a spin:ConstraintViolation ;
spin:violationRoot ?this ;
spin:violationPath ss:width ;
rdfs:label "The width of a rectangle must be > 0"
}
WHERE {
?this ss:width ?width .
FILTER (?width <= 0) .
}
"""
]
… the same would have to be repeated for ss:height](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2014-11-spin-141031015419-conversion-gate01/85/SPIN-and-Shapes-7-320.jpg)
![Generalizing the constraint
ss:Rectangle
spin:constraint [
a sp:Construct ;
sp:text """
# The value of ss:width must be > 0
CONSTRUCT {
_:cv a spin:ConstraintViolation ;
spin:violationRoot ?this ;
spin:violationPath ss:width ;
rdfs:label "The width of a rectangle must be > 0"
}
WHERE {
?this ss:width ?width .
FILTER (?width <= 0) .
}
"""
]
ss:width could be
replaced with any
property, e.g.
ss:height](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2014-11-spin-141031015419-conversion-gate01/85/SPIN-and-Shapes-8-320.jpg)
![Introducing a SPIN Template
ss:PositivePropertyValueConstraint a spin:ConstructTemplate ;
spin:constraint [ a spl:Argument
spl:predicate arg:property ;
spl:valueType rdf:Property ;
rdfs:comment "The property to constrain (e.g. ss:width)"
] ;
spin:body [ a sp:Construct ;
sp:text """
CONSTRUCT {
_:cv a spin:ConstraintViolation ;
spin:violationRoot ?this ;
spin:violationPath ?property ;
rdfs:label "Positive value expected"
}
WHERE {
?this ?property ?value .
FILTER (?value <= 0) .
}
"""
] ;](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2014-11-spin-141031015419-conversion-gate01/85/SPIN-and-Shapes-9-320.jpg)
![Using a SPIN Template
ss:Rectangle
spin:constraint [
a ss:PositivePropertyValueConstraint ;
arg:property ss:height ;
] ;
spin:constraint [
a ss:PositivePropertyValueConstraint ;
arg:property ss:width ;
] .
Such templates can be published in libraries, for example for Shapes.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2014-11-spin-141031015419-conversion-gate01/85/SPIN-and-Shapes-10-320.jpg)
![OSLC Bug Example
oslc_cm:ChangeRequest
a rdfs:Class ;
rdfs:label "Change request" ;
oslc:property [
ChangeRequest
title : string [1..1]
status : status-values [0..1]
a oslc:Property ;
oslc:propertyDefinition dcterms:title ;
oslc:occurs oslc:Exactly-one
] ;
oslc:property [
a oslc:Property ;
oslc:propertyDefinition oslc_cm:status ;
oslc:allowedValues oslc_cm:status-values ;
oslc:occurs oslc:Zero-or-one
] .
This is a valid SPIN document](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2014-11-spin-141031015419-conversion-gate01/85/SPIN-and-Shapes-18-320.jpg)
SPIN and Shapes
- 1. SPIN and Shapes RDF Data Shapes WG F2F, Nov 2014 Holger Knublauch TopQuadrant, Inc.
- 2. SPIN History and Status • Created at TopQuadrant 2008 • Addresses requirements from customer projects • Supported by TopBraid tools (incl. TBC Free) • Open source: http://topbraid.org/spin/api/ • Partial support by 3rd party database vendors • W3C Member Submission 2011 • Many SPIN-based systems are in production
- 3. Constraints in SPARQL (ASK) ss:Square spin:constraint [ a sp:Ask ; sp:text """ # Width and height must be equal ASK WHERE { ?this ss:width ?width . ?this ss:height ?height . FILTER (?width != ?height) . } """ ]
- 4. Constraints in SPARQL (CONSTRUCT) ss:Square spin:constraint [ rdf:type sp:Construct ; sp:text """ # Width and height must be equal CONSTRUCT { _:cv a spin:ConstraintViolation ; spin:violationRoot ?this ; spin:violationPath ss:height ; rdfs:label "Width and height must be equal" } WHERE { ?this ss:width ?width . ?this ss:height ?height . FILTER (?width != ?height) . } """ ]
- 5. Possible Syntactic Sugar Idea from Simister, Brickley: http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/images/0/00/SimpleApplication- SpecificConstraintsforRDFModels.pdf ss:Square spin:constraint [ a spin:Ask ; spin:context ss:height ; spin:message "Width and height must be equal" ; spin:sparql """ ASK WHERE { ?this ss:width ?width . ?this ss:height ?height . FILTER (?width != ?height) . } """ ] (The current SPIN is just a starting point, it’s an open RDF vocabulary)
- 6. Alternative to source code editing Syntax checking Auto-complete Keyword highlighting Results preview …
- 7. Positive values constraint in SPARQL ss:Rectangle spin:constraint [ a sp:Construct ; sp:text """ # The value of ss:width must be > 0 CONSTRUCT { _:cv a spin:ConstraintViolation ; spin:violationRoot ?this ; spin:violationPath ss:width ; rdfs:label "The width of a rectangle must be > 0" } WHERE { ?this ss:width ?width . FILTER (?width <= 0) . } """ ] … the same would have to be repeated for ss:height
- 8. Generalizing the constraint ss:Rectangle spin:constraint [ a sp:Construct ; sp:text """ # The value of ss:width must be > 0 CONSTRUCT { _:cv a spin:ConstraintViolation ; spin:violationRoot ?this ; spin:violationPath ss:width ; rdfs:label "The width of a rectangle must be > 0" } WHERE { ?this ss:width ?width . FILTER (?width <= 0) . } """ ] ss:width could be replaced with any property, e.g. ss:height
- 9. Introducing a SPIN Template ss:PositivePropertyValueConstraint a spin:ConstructTemplate ; spin:constraint [ a spl:Argument spl:predicate arg:property ; spl:valueType rdf:Property ; rdfs:comment "The property to constrain (e.g. ss:width)" ] ; spin:body [ a sp:Construct ; sp:text """ CONSTRUCT { _:cv a spin:ConstraintViolation ; spin:violationRoot ?this ; spin:violationPath ?property ; rdfs:label "Positive value expected" } WHERE { ?this ?property ?value . FILTER (?value <= 0) . } """ ] ;
- 10. Using a SPIN Template ss:Rectangle spin:constraint [ a ss:PositivePropertyValueConstraint ; arg:property ss:height ; ] ; spin:constraint [ a ss:PositivePropertyValueConstraint ; arg:property ss:width ; ] . Such templates can be published in libraries, for example for Shapes.
- 11. Example Tool Support (1)
- 12. Example Tool Support (2)
- 13. Example Tool Support (3)
- 14. SPIN Templates • Can define new modeling languages • Template definitions are linked data (URI etc) • Encapsulate/hide SPARQL queries • Yet executable on standard RDF databases • But processors do not have to use SPARQL only • Combine maximum flexibility & expressivity with a structural user-friendly syntax.
- 15. SPIN Functions
- 16. SPIN Libraries • SPIN templates, functions and constraints can be published on the semantic web – Example: http://semwebquality.org • Libraries define “Profiles” • Web provides a natural evolution mechanism • This WG would define a standard library
- 18. OSLC Bug Example oslc_cm:ChangeRequest a rdfs:Class ; rdfs:label "Change request" ; oslc:property [ ChangeRequest title : string [1..1] status : status-values [0..1] a oslc:Property ; oslc:propertyDefinition dcterms:title ; oslc:occurs oslc:Exactly-one ] ; oslc:property [ a oslc:Property ; oslc:propertyDefinition oslc_cm:status ; oslc:allowedValues oslc_cm:status-values ; oslc:occurs oslc:Zero-or-one ] . This is a valid SPIN document