Sql logical operators
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There are three logical operators in SQL - AND, OR, and NOT. The AND operator selects rows where all conditions are true, OR selects rows where at least one condition is true, and NOT selects rows where the condition is false. These operators allow combining multiple conditions in the WHERE clause to filter rows. Nested operators follow a specific order of evaluation: NOT, AND, then OR.
Sql logical operators
- 1. 8/10/13 SQL Logical Operators beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-logical-operators.htm 1/4 SQL Logical Operators There are three Logical Operators namely, AND, OR, and NOT. These operators compare two conditions at a time to determine whether a row can be selected for the output. When retrieving data using a SELECT statement, you can use logical operators in the WHERE clause, which allows you to combine more than one condition. Logical Operators Description OR For the row to be selected at least one of the conditions must be true. AND For a row to be selected all the specified conditions must be true. NOT For a row to be selected the specified condition must be false. "OR" Logical Operator: If you want to select rows that satisfy at least one of the given conditions, you can use the logical operator, OR. For example: if you want to find the names of students who are studying either Maths or Science, the query would be like, SELECT first_name, last_name, subject FROM student_details WHERE subject = 'Maths' OR subject = 'Science' The output would be something like, first_namelast_namesubject ---------
- 2. 8/10/13 SQL Logical Operators beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-logical-operators.htm 2/4 ------------- -------------- Anajali Bhagwat Maths Shekar Gowda Maths Rahul Sharma Science Stephen Fleming Science The following table describes how logical "OR" operator selects a row. Column1 Satisfied? Column2 Satisfied? Row Selected YES YES YES YES NO YES NO YES YES NO NO NO "AND" Logical Operator: If you want to select rows that must satisfy all the given conditions, you can use the logical operator, AND. For Example: To find the names of the students between the age 10 to 15 years, the query would be like: SELECT first_name, last_name, age FROM student_details WHERE age >= 10 AND age <= 15; The output would be something like, first_namelast_nameage ------------- ------------- ---- -- Rahul Sharma 10 Anajali Bhagwat 12 Shekar Gowda 15 The following table describes how logical "AND" operator selects a row. Column1 Satisfied? Column2 Satisfied? Row Selected YES YES YES YES NO NO NO YES NO NO NO NO "NOT" Logical Operator: If you want to find rows that do not satisfy a condition, you can use the logical operator, NOT. NOT results in the reverse of a condition. That is, if a condition is satisfied, then the row is not returned. For example: If you want to find out the names of the students who do not play football, the query would be like:
- 3. 8/10/13 SQL Logical Operators beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-logical-operators.htm 3/4 SELECT first_name, last_name, games FROM student_details WHERE NOT games = 'Football' The output would be something like, first_namelast_name games ------------- --- ------------- --- ----------- Rahul Sharma Cricket Stephen Fleming Cricket Shekar Gowda Badminton Priya Chandra Chess The following table describes how logical "NOT" operator selects a row. Column1 Satisfied? NOT Column1 Satisfied? Row Selected YES NO NO NO YES YES Nested Logical Operators: You can use multiple logical operators in an SQL statement. When you combine the logical operators in a SELECT statement, the order in which the statement is processed is 1) NOT 2) AND 3) OR For example: If you want to select the names of the students who age is between 10 and 15 years, or those who do not play football, the SELECT statement would be SELECT first_name, last_name, age, games FROM student_details WHERE age >= 10 AND age <= 15 OR NOT games = 'Football' The output would be something like, first_namelast_nameagegames ------------- ------------- ---- ---- -------- ---- Rahul Sharma 10 Cricket Priya Chandra 15 Chess In this case, the filter works as follows: Condition 1: All the students you do not play football are selected. Condition 2: All the students whose are aged between 10 and 15 are selected.
- 4. 8/10/13 SQL Logical Operators beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-logical-operators.htm 4/4 Condition 3: Finally the result is, the rows which satisfy atleast one of the above conditions is returned. NOTE:The order in which you phrase the condition is important, if the order changes you are likely to get a different result.