Stages of anesthesia

Stages of anesthesia

• 1.
  Stages of Anesthesia
• 2.
  “Guedel's classification is ameans of assessing of depth of general anesthesia
• 3.
  Stages of Anesthesia ◦ StageI ◦ Stage II ◦ Stage III ◦ Stage IV
• 4.
  Stage I ◦ Stageof analgesia or disorientation
• 5.
   From beginningof induction of general anesthesia to loss of consciousness.
• 6.
  Stage II ◦ Stageof excitement or delirium
• 7.
   From lossof consciousness to onset of automatic breathing.  Eyelash reflex disappear but other reflexes remain intact and coughing, vomiting and struggling may occur; respiration can be irregular with breath-holding.
• 8.
  Stage III ◦ Stageof surgical anesthesia
• 9.
   From onsetof automatic respiration to respiratory paralysis.  It is divided into four planes
• 10.
   Plane I From onset of automatic respiration to cessation of eyeball movements.  Eyelid reflex is lost, swallowing reflex disappears, marked eyeball movement may occur but conjunctival reflex is lost at the bottom of the plane
• 11.
   Plane II From cessation of eyeball movements to beginning of paralysis of intercostal muscles.
• 12.
   Laryngeal reflexis lost although inflammation of the upper respiratory tract increases reflex irritability, corneal reflex disappears, secretion of tears increases (a useful sign of light anesthesia), respiration is automatic and regular, movement and deep breathing as a response to skin stimulation disappears.
• 13.
   Plane III from beginning to completion of intercostal muscle paralysis.  Diaphragmatic respiration persists but there is progressive intercostal paralysis, pupils dilated and light reflex is abolished.
• 14.
   The laryngealreflex lost in plane II can still be initiated by painful stimuli arising from the dilatation of anus or cervix.  This was the desired plane for surgery when muscle relaxants were not used.
• 15.
   Plane IV From complete intercostal paralysis to diaphragmatic paralysis (apnea).
• 16.
  Stage IV: ◦ Fromstoppage of respiration till death.
• 17.
   Anesthetic overdose-causedmedullary paralysis with respiratory arrest and vasomotor collapse.  Pupils are widely dilated and muscles are relaxed.