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State and theories of evolution of the state
The document discusses various definitions and theories of the state, illustrating the complexity and variety of perspectives from different political thinkers and jurists. Key definitions include the ideas of a people organized for law, a body united for common benefit, and an association for political ends. It also outlines five main theories of the state's evolution: divine, natural, social contract, patriarchal, and matriarchal.
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State and theories of evolution of the state
- 1. STATE AND THEORIESOF EVOLUTION OF THE STATE
- 2. STATE The expression stateis derived from the Latin word/term ‘status’ witch means standing; i.e. position of a person or a body of persons. It is difficult to give a precise definition of state because different political thinkers and jurists have defined it in different ways.
- 3. VIEWS BY MANYJURISTS WOODROW WILSON: State as a people organised for law within a definite territory. DALLAS: A state is a body of free persons, united together for the common benefit to enjoy peaceably what is their own, and to do justice to others. OPPENHEIM: A state proper is in existence when a people is settled in a country under its own sovereign government. SALMOND: state or political society is an association of human beings establish for attainment of certain ends by certain means. KEETON: State is a political society as it is an association for political ends which distinguishes the state from other great communities of persons e.g. Church, A trade union.
- 4. 1.DIVINE THEORY 2.NATURAL THEORY 3.SOCIALCONTRACT THEORY 4.PATRIARCHAL THEORY 5.MATRIARCHAL THEORY DIVINE THEORY: State come from Divine power. Ruler-Agent of the God. Theories: Evolution of the state
- 5. NATURAL THEORY: Stateis created itself by way of nature. Social Contract Theory: followers of this are Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. Acc. To them, we were not civilised. People contract with the King for that to do work in public welfare.
- 6. PATRIARCHAL THEORY: follower-HENRY MAINE State- from families ; male is head of family. Acc. To Henry: 1. the family was based on permanent marriage & kin relationship. 2. The state is a collection of persons descending from the progenitor of an original family. Support his theory by adducing the family history of the Hebrews, Aryans of India
- 7. MATRIARCHAL THEORY: Propoundedby Anthropologists Mchennan & Morgan State- not from family but from Horde (Group of People) Family consists of son & daughter of mother
- 8. Thanks & Submittedby: RAHUL YADAV FACULTY OF LAW , MDU, ROHTAK