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Stone & Phlebolith
Distal ureteral stones can be difficult to differentiate from pelvic calcifications on imaging alone. Additional signs of obstruction like ureteral dilation, perinephric fat inflammation, hydronephrosis, and a soft tissue rim around the calcification help indicate the presence of a ureteral stone. The soft tissue rim represents irritation and edema of the ureteral wall from the stone. Phleboliths, which are calcifications within venous structures, also appear as focal calcifications but often have a radiolucent center. Proper identification is needed to distinguish ureteral stones from other calcifications.
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Stone & Phlebolith
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- 2.  Stones inthe distal ureter can be difficult to differentiate between pelvic calcifications.  Needs to look for other signs of obstruction that indicate the presence of a stone including ureteral dilation, inflammatory changes in the perinephric fat, hydronephrosis, and a soft tissue rim surrounding the calcification within the ureter.  The soft tissue rim around a stone represents irritation and edema in the ureteral wall
- 3.  "vein stones",and represent calcification within venous structures  Phleboliths appear as focal calcifications, often with radiolucent centers  This appearance is attributed to calcification peripherally within the vessel, and is frequently seen on abdominal radiographs (66% of phleboliths)
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