Stress and depression in College Students
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The document discusses the mental health challenges faced by university students, highlighting stress and depression as major concerns. It cites a study by the American College Health Association indicating that academic pressures, financial issues, and sleep difficulties are significant stressors. Additionally, it outlines the symptoms and prevalence of depression and anxiety among students, underscoring the need for awareness and intervention.
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Stress and depression in College Students
- 1. Stress and Depression in University Students Pamela Coburn-Litvak, Ph.D. www.leavingtheshadowland.com
- 2. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health 140 schools 88,178 students2018
- 3. What is Stress? Stress is our RESPONSE To Life’s Pressures
- 4. Heart rate & blood pressure Breathing Blood clotting Stress Hormones Speeds up delivery of oxygen and nutrients Protects against blood loss due to injury • Increases alertness • Delivers energy • Enhances immune function STRESSOR
- 5. Heart rate & blood pressure Breathing Blood clotting Stress Hormones Atherosclerosis – can lead to stroke Increased wear and tear on the heart & arteries – can lead to cardiovascular disease • Irritability, anxiety • Energy problems • Suppressed immune function • Mental distress Intensity & Duration STRESSOR
- 6. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Main Stressors in University Students Avg Academics 50% 53% 42% Finances 36% 38% 29% Sleep difficulties 33% 36% 28% Family problems 31% 35% 21% Personal appearance 31% 35% 21% Romantic relationships 31% 33% 28% Career-related 29% 35% 25% Other relationships 29% 31% 23% Health issues 22% 24% 16% Death of family member/friend 17% 18% 13%
- 7. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 10: Signs of Stress (over past 12 months) Felt more than average stress? 5 Avg 5 4
- 8. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 10: Signs of Stress (over past 12 months) Felt exhausted (not physically)? 8 Avg 9 8
- 9. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 10: Signs of Stress (over past 12 months) Felt overwhelmed? 9 Avg 9 8
- 10. What is Depression? Major Depressive Disorder* occurs when you have at least 5 of the following 9 symptoms daily for 2+ weeks: • A depressed mood during most of the day, particularly in the morning • Diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities • Significant weight loss or gain (more than 5% in a month) • Insomnia (lack of sleep) or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping) • Feeling restless, agitated or slowed down • Fatigue or loss of energy • Impaired concentration, indecisiveness • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt • Recurring thoughts of death or suicide (not just fearing death) *The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, published by the American Psychological Association in 2013 Anxiety symptoms (irrational worry; fear that something terrible will happen) may accompany depression
- 11. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 10: Signs of Depression (over past 12 months) Diagnosed or treated? 2 Avg 2 1
- 12. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 10: Signs of Depression (over past 12 months) Depression impaired normal life? 4 Avg 4 3
- 13. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 10: Signs of Depression (over past 12 months) Felt extremely sad? 7 Avg 7 6
- 14. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 10: Signs of Depression (over past 12 months) Felt hopeless? 5 Avg 6 5
- 15. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 10: Signs of Depression (over past 12 months) Felt overwhelming anxiety? 6 Avg 7 5
- 16. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 10: Signs of Depression (over past 12 months) Felt very lonely? 6 Avg 7 6
- 17. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 100: Signs of Depression (over past 12 months) Intentionally hurt oneself (cutting, burning, bruising, etc.)? 8 Avg 8 5
- 18. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 100: Signs of Depression (over past 12 months) Seriously considered suicide? 12 Avg 12 11
- 19. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2018. Silver Spring, MD: American College Health Association; 2018. Recent Studies University Student Mental Health ?? out of 100: Signs of Depression (over past 12 months) Attempted suicide? 2 Avg 2 2
- 20. Depression is caused by a depletion of brain chemicals (“monoamines”) –Serotonin –Dopamine – Norepinephrine Monoamine Hypothesis Bear: Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. 3rd ed. Neurobiology of Depression
- 21. Bear: Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. 3rd ed. Neurobiology of Depression Diathesis-Stress Hypothesis Diathesis: Genetic or other predisposition for disease Stress: Exposure to intense or chronic stress
- 24. How Stress leads to Depression Stress Response Stress Hormones Brain Damage Brain chemicals Negative emotions • Sadness • Anger • Guilt • Despair • Anxiety 3 4 Pre-conditioning factorsStress 1 2
- 25. KNOW THE SIGNS • behavioral or emotional change; someone who doesn't seem like themselves • withdrawal from others and/or favorite activities • change in hygiene or appearance, not taking care of oneself • decline in academic performance • alcohol or drug abuse • excessive or inappropriate anger • bizarre thoughts or behavior (e.g., out of touch with reality, talking about suicide) • others feel uncomfortable or worried about them • decline in functioning (e.g., not attending class, not sleeping or sleeping too much