Stress and theories of stress
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Hans Selye first coined the term "stress" in 1936 to refer to the body's non-specific response to demands for change. There are various definitions of stress, including the body's reaction to adjustments, demands placed on a person, or excessive pressures. Stress can be caused by factors like fear, worry, environmental pressures, fatigue, and overwork. Effects of stress depend on individual characteristics and can include physical and emotional impacts. Theories of stress include James-Lange's theory that physiological arousal leads to emotional interpretation, Cannon-Bard's view of simultaneous arousal and emotion, and cognitive appraisal theory where thinking determines the emotional response after an event.
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Stress and theories of stress
- 1. Stress And Its Theories
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- 3. Ibad Ahmad (195-FSSBSSOCF12) International Islamic University Islamabad Stress And Its Theories Stress And Theories of Stress
- 4. Hans Selye And Anais Nin and Stress The term “stress”, as it is currently used, was coined by Hans Selye in 1936, who defined it as “the non- specific response of the body to any demand for change”. Stress And Its Theories
- 5. What is Stress? Best possible definitions for Stress. • Stress is the body's reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental or emotional adjustment or response. • Stress is your body's way of responding to any kind of demand. It can be caused by both good and bad experiences. • The adverse reaction people have to excessive pressures or other types of demand placed on them at work. Stress And Its Theories
- 6. What are the Causes Of Stress? Many different things can cause stress -- from physical (such as fear of something dangerous) to emotional (such as worry over your family or job.) • Survival Stress - You may have heard the phrase "fight or flight" before. When you are afraid that someone or something may physically hurt you, your body naturally responds with a burst of energy so that you will be better able to survive the dangerous situation (fight) or escape it all together (flight). This is survival stress. • Internal Stress - Have you ever caught yourself worrying about things you can do nothing about or worrying for no reason at all? Internal stress is when people make themselves stressed. This often happens when we worry about things we can't control or put ourselves in situations we know will cause us stress. • Environmental Stress - This is a response to things around you that cause stress, such as noise, crowding, and pressure from work or family. Identifying these environmental stresses and learning to avoid them or deal with them will help lower your stress level. • Fatigue and Overwork - This kind of stress builds up over a long time and can take a hard cost on your body. It can be caused by working too much or too hard at your job(s), school, or home. Stress And Its Theories
- 7. What are the effects of Stress? Stress effects people in different ways some of which are as follows: • their background and culture. • their skills and experience. • their personality. • their personal circumstances. • their individual characteristics. • their health status. • their ethnicity, gender and age. • other demands both in and outside work. Stress And Its Theories
- 8. Theories of Stress Following are the Theories of Stress: • James-Lange: Theory of Emotion • Cannon-Bard: The Emergency Theory • Cognitive Appraisal Theory of Emotion Stress And Its Theories
- 9. James-Lange Theory of Emotion Event ==> arousal ==> interpretation ==> emotion The bodily sensation prepares us for action, as in the Fight-or-Flight reaction. Emotions grab our attention and at least attenuate slower cognitive processing. This is not a new theory and was proposed in 1884. It combined the ideas of William James and Danish physiologist Carl Lange, who largely independently arrived at the same conclusion. William James described it thus: According to this theory, witnessing an external stimulus leads to a physiological reaction. Your emotional reaction depends upon how you interpret those physical reactions. For example, suppose you are walking in the woods and you see a grizzly bear. You begin to tremble and your heart begins to race. The James-Lange theory proposes that you will interpret your physical reactions and conclude that you are frightened ("I am trembling, therefore I am afraid.") Stress And Its Theories
- 10. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion is a physiological explanation of emotion developed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard. Cannon-Bard theory states that we feel emotions and experience physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling and muscle tension simultaneously. More specifically, it is suggested that emotions result when the thalamus sends a message to the brain in response to a stimulus, resulting in a physiological reaction. Event ==> Simultaneous arousal and emotion According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, we react to a stimulus and experience the associated emotion at the same time. Example: I see a bear. I feel afraid. I tense in readiness to run away. Stress And Its Theories
- 11. Cognitive Appraisal Theory of Emotion In the absence of physiological arousal, we decide what to feel after interpreting or explaining what has just happened. Two things are important in this: whether we interpret the event as good or bad for us, and what we believe is the cause of the event. Event ==> thinking ==> Simultaneous arousal and emotion In primary appraisal, we consider how the situation affects our personal well-being. In secondary appraisal we consider how we might cope with the situation. This is sometimes also called Lazarus Theory or Appraisal Theory. Example: When a colleague gets promoted, I might feel resentful if I think I deserve the promotion more than they do. Stress And Its Theories
- 12. Thanks for your Attention Any Question! Stress And Its Theories