Stress in Adolescents

Stress in Adolescents

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  Principles of Psychology10000 OL21 Matt Edwards Stress in Adolescents
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  Stress - thestate which is seen in response to internal or external stressors. Every system of the body responds to stress in varying ways. Stress enlists changes affecting almost every system of the body, influencing how people feel and behave (Psychology Dictionary). The term is used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging (Ciccarelli, 410).
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  What happens inthe brain during stress The brain decides there is danger and sends nerve signals down spinal cord to the adrenal gland which release the hormone adrenaline which increases the amount of sugar in the blood, increases heart rate, and raises blood pressure. The hypothalamus sends a signal to the pituitary glans and stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce a stress hormone, cortisol, which keeps blood sugar and blood pressure up to help one escape from danger. www.youramazingbrain.org/brainchanges/stressbrain.htm
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  www.longislandstressreduction.com
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  Main causes ofstress in adults articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2012/05/10/10-steps-to-manage-stress.aspx
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  Main Causes ofStress in Adolescents Peer pressure Having a boyfriend or a girlfriend Conflict within relationships Peer rejection Pressures of school Moving to a new home and school Tests and homework Too-high expectations Sports and other extracurricular activities Social backwardness Pubertal changes Too fast or too slow physical development Family problems including abuse and alcohol Physical and emotional abuse and neglect Employment Owning a car Money problems
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  Ineffective Coping Strategiesfor Adolescents Resignation Distraction Social withdrawal Wishful thinking Self-criticism Blaming others Skipping school Bullying others Drug abuse
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  General Manifestations ofStress http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/long-term-stress-symptoms- effects-lesson.html#lesson
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  Specific Effects ofStress on the Adolescent Depression Unassertive Overly dependent Excessive reassurance-seeking Ineffective problem-solving Long term cognitive deficits Self-criticism Social withdrawal Pessimism Weak relationships School phobia Poor grades in school Inattentiveness Weakened immune system
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  Problem-focused coping (Problem solvingwith available resources) Emotion-focused Coping (Emotional expression – share more thoughts with trusted individuals, write in a journal; Emotional regulation-avoid generalizations or magnification; Cognitive restructuring-identifying and changing negative thoughts; Acceptance-agreeing to moving forward) Social Support (Counselor, support group) Meditation Humor Exercise Most Effective Coping Strategies for Stress in Adolescents
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  Daily stress copingstrategies to help adolescents http://lerablog.org/health/useful-stress-management-tips-to-get-a-grip-of-your- life-in-times-of-financial-crisis/
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  Teens reduce stressand lower anger http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnXrXX0m-NE
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  Managing the stressorsin life
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  References Ciccarelli, Saundra K,White, J. Nolan. (2014) Psychology. Boston: Prentice- Hall. Defense Mechanism Definition. Retrieved July 4, 2014 from http://psychology.about.com/od/dindex/g/defense mech.htm Donaldson, Deidre, Prinstein, Mitchell J., Danovsky, Michael, Spirito, Anthony. (2000, July) Patterns of children’s coping with life stress: Implications for clinicians. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. Flynn, Megan, Rudolph, Karen D. (2011, June 7) Stress generation and adolescent depression: Contribution of interpersonal stress responses. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. Hedges, Dawson W., Woon, Fu Lye. (2010, November 2) Early-life stress and cognitive outcome. Psychopharmacology.
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  Kiselica, Mark S.,Baker, Stanley B., Thomas, Ronald N., Reedy, Susan. (1994, Vol. 41) Effects of stress inoculation training on anxiety, stress, and academic performance among adolescents. Journal of Counseling Psychology. Sontag, Lisa M., Graber, Julia A., Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne, Warren, Michelle P. (2008, May9) Coping with social stress: Implications for psychopathology in young adolescent girls. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2008, May 9) Stress Definition. Retrieved July 4, 2014 from www.psychologydictionary.org/stress. What happens in the brain during stress. Retrieved July3, 2014 from www.teenhelp.com/teen-stress/teen-stress-causes.html