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Stress management
This document discusses stress, its causes, effects, and management. It defines stress as the reaction people have when excessive pressures exceed their ability to cope. Stress can come from external sources like one's environment, social interactions, work, or life events, as well as internal sources like lifestyle, thoughts, and personality traits. Both negative and positive stress are covered, with negative stress linked to minor health issues and positive stress spurring motivation. The endocrine system response to stress and its alarm, adaptation, and exhaustion phases are outlined. Symptoms of stress are described across physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral domains. The document closes by linking prolonged stress to serious illnesses.
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Stress management
- 1. STRESS MANAGEMENT Presented by Dr.T. Shri Vijaya Kirubha, M.Pharm., Ph.D., Head, Dept. of Pharmacognosy Periyar College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tiruchirappalli.
- 2. WHAT IS STRESS? Stress is the reaction people have to excessive pressures or other types of demand placed upon them. It arises when they worry that they can’t cope.
- 3. WHAT IS STRESS? Stress is the “wear and tear” our minds and bodies experience as we attempt to cope with our continually changing environment
- 4. DEFINITION S = P> RStress occurs when the Pressure is greater than the Resource
- 5. STRESS FEELINGS • Worry •Tense • Tired • Frightened • Elated • Depressed • Anxious • Anger
- 6. TYPES OF STRESSORS •External • Internal
- 7. EXTERNAL STRESSORS • PhysicalEnvironment • Social Interaction • Organisational • Major Life Events • Daily Hassles
- 8. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT • Noise •Bright Lights • Heat • Confined Spaces
- 9. SOCIAL INTERACTION • Rudeness •Bossiness • Aggressiveness by others • Bullying
- 10. ORGANISATIONAL • Rules • Regulations •“Red - Tape” • Deadlines
- 11. MAJOR LIFE EVENTS •Birth • Death • Lost job • Promotion • Marital status change
- 12. DAILY HASSLES • Commuting •Misplaced keys • Mechanical breakdowns
- 13. INTERNAL STRESSORS • Lifestylechoices • Negative self - talk • Mind traps • Personality traits
- 14. LIFESTYLE CHOICES • Caffeine •Lack of sleep • Overloaded schedule
- 15. NEGATIVE SELF -TALK • Pessimistic thinking • Self criticism • Over analysing
- 16. MIND TRAPS • Unrealisticexpectations • Taking things personally • All or nothing thinking • Exaggeration • Rigid thinking
- 17. PERSONALITY TRAITS • Perfectionists •Workaholics
- 18. TYPES OF STRESS •Negative stress • Positive stress
- 19. NEGATIVE STRESS It isa contributory factor in minor conditions, such as headaches, digestive problems, skin complaints, insomnia and ulcers. Excessive, prolonged and unrelieved stress can have a harmful effect on mental, physical and spiritual health.
- 20. POSITIVE STRESS Stress canalso have a positive effect, spurring motivation and awareness, providing the stimulation to cope with challenging situations. Stress also provides the sense of urgency and alertness needed for survival when confronting threatening situations.
- 21. THE INDIVIDUAL • Everyoneis different, with unique perceptions of and reactions to events. There is no single level of stress that is optimal for all people. • Some are more sensitive owing to experiences in childhood, the influence of teachers, parents and religion etc.
- 22. • Most ofthe stress we experience is self- generated. • How we perceive life - whether an event makes us feel threatened or stimulated, encouraged or discouraged, happy or sad - depends to a large extent on how we perceive ourselves.
- 23. Self-generated stress issomething of a paradox, because so many people think of external causes when they are upset. Recognising that we create most of our own upsets is an important first step towards coping with them.
- 24. Endocrine System Stress responsecontrolled by the Endocrine System. Demands on the physical or mental systems of the body result in hormone secretion (Adrenaline, testosterone)
- 25. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM RESPONSES •Increased pupil dilation • Perspiration • Increased heart rate and blood pressure • Rapid breathing • Muscle tenseness • Increased mental alertness
- 26. GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME •Alarm response • Adaptation • Exhaustion
- 27. ALARM RESPONSE This isthe “ Fight or Flight” response that prepares the body for immediate action.
- 28. ADAPTATION PHASE • Ifthe source persists, the body prepares for long-term protection, secreting hormones to increase blood sugar levels. • This phase is common and not necessarily harmful, but must include periods of relaxation and rest to counterbalance the stress response. • Fatigue, concentration lapses, irritability and lethargy result as the stress turns negative.
- 29. EXHAUSTION In chronic stresssituations, sufferers enter the exhaustion phase: emotional, physical and mental resources suffer heavily, the body experiences ‘adrenal exhaustion’ leading to decreased stress tolerance, progressive mental and physical exhaustion, illness and collapse.
- 30. SYMPTOMS OF STRESS •Physical symptoms • Mental symptoms • Behavioural symptoms • Emotional symptoms
- 31. PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS • Sleeppattern changes • Fatigue • Digestion changes • Loss of sexual drive • Headaches • Aches and pains • Infections • Indigestion • Dizziness • Fainting • Sweating & trembling • Tingling hands & feet • Breathlessness • Palpitations • Missed heartbeats
- 32. MENTAL SYMPTOMS • Lackof concentration • Memory lapses • Difficulty in making decisions • Confusion • Disorientation • Panic attacks
- 33. BEHAVIOURAL SYMPTOMS • Appetitechanges - too much or too little • Eating disorders - anorexia, bulimia • Increased intake of alcohol & other drugs • Increased smoking • Restlessness • Fidgeting • Nail biting • Hypochondria
- 34. EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS • Boutsof depression • Impatience • Fits of rage • Tearfulness • Deterioration of personal hygiene and appearance
- 35. STRESS RELATED ILLNESSES Stressis not the same as ill-health, but has been related to such illnesses as; • Cardiovascular disease • Immune system disease • Asthma • Diabetes
- 36. • Digestive disorders •Ulcers • Skin complaints - psoriasis • Headaches and migraines • Pre-menstrual syndrome • Depression